Idea Of Project Research Articles

The Possibility of Establishing an Iraqi University Business Incubator and Its Expected Impact on Entrepreneurship: An Analytical Study in a Sample of Iraqi Universities

Aims: This research aims to determine the extent to which Iraqi universities can establish university business incubators that affect the orientation of university students in a sample of Iraqi universities towards entrepreneurship. Study Design: The research adopted the descriptive analytical method to describe the research variables and interpret the results. Place of Study: This research was applied to a sample of 11 Iraqi government engineering and agricultural universities in northern, central and southern Iraq, which were selected due to their importance in providing the industrial and agricultural sector in Iraq with skilled human resources and project ideas that promote economic growth, as well as having university incubator units that seek to activate them. Methodology: A sample representing the indigenous community was selected. Its size reached (160) individuals from the administrative leaders, heads of departments and teaching staff in the researched universities. The researcher relied on an electronic questionnaire designed with (kobotoolbox) as the main tool, and a set of statistics was used, represented by (mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, simple regression), and the research data was analyzed using (SPSS V.28). Results: The research results showed a positive moral relationship to between all dimensions of university business incubators on entrepreneurship at the level of Iraqi public universities, and all research hypotheses were acceptable. Conclusion: The findings indicate that there are possibilities for the Iraqi universities discussed to activate the work of university business incubators at an average rate that can be worked on and developed through the adoption of models of work mechanisms to benefit from international experiences in this field.

ЭТНИЧЕСКИЙ СОСТАВ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ ДИВНОГОРСКОГО ГОРОДСКОГО ОКРУГА В 1970–1989 гг.

The paper examines the dynamics of changes in the ethnic composition of the population of two settlements of the Divnogorsk urban District: Divnogorsk itself and the workers' village of Ovsyanka in the period from 1970 to 1989 based on census materials of the corresponding years. Divnogorsk and the Divnogorsk urban District appeared in the Krasnoyarsk Region in 1963. Their emergence was associated with the construction of the Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric power station. Its construction was truly of an all-Union nature. The construction of the Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric power station, like Divnogorsk, was called an all-Union project, so it was assumed that specialists from all over the country took part in it. But, despite this, according to the 1970 census, the majority of the population, both in the city of Divnogorsk and in the working-class village of Ovsyanka, considered themselves Russians, followed in number by Ukrainians, Belarusians and Germans. Over the next 26 years, the structure of the local population has undergone virtually no changes. The most noticeable dynamics was the increase in the proportion of Russians in relation to all other ethnic groups, which was a consequence of the development of mixed marriages, the children of which most often identified themselves as Russians, who were perceived in the eyes of society as the titular Soviet nation. Moreover, according to the 1989 census, the proportion of the Russian population in Divnogorsk was even higher than the average for the Krasnoyarsk Region, which destroys the idea of an all-Union construction project.

ANALYSIS OF COLLABORATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING LEARNING IN 9 NAMANG PRIMARY SCHOOLS, CENTRAL BANGKA DISTRICT

This research aims to analyze Collaborative Problem Solving (CPS) learning at Elementary School 9 Namang, Central Bangka Regency. Analysis uses qualitative analysis techniques with the Miles and Huberman model. The analysis is divided into 3 (three), namely: project, case and simulation-based Collaborative Problem Solving (CPS) learning. The sample in this study consisted of one school principal and 8 class teachers. The results of this research are that in project-based Collaborative Problem Solving (CPS) learning practices, the main obstacles faced by teachers are mainly related to class I, where students are still learning to read and write, experiencing a lack of attention and focus. However, progressive development is seen from class III to class VI, where students are faced with increasingly complex challenges, such as designing projects that are relevant to the curriculum and looking for project ideas from literature. In sixth grade, students engage in thorough evaluation of project ideas, selecting the best solution, and planning concrete steps for implementation. Case-based Collaborative Problem Solving (CPS) learning is designed to develop critical thinking and problem solving skills along grade levels. Simulation-based Collaborative Problem Solving (CPS) learning in grades I-VI takes students through a series of progressive stages, starting from simple games that emphasize cooperation to real-world situations using technology and role-playing. This research provides in-depth insight into the implementation of various Collaborative Problem Solving (CPS) methods in educational contexts, with an emphasis on developing students' skills over time.

Comparing the experiences of community and hospital pharmacy learners completing a pre-registrant research training program

Background and purposeResearch training programs in the community pharmacy sector have not been well established. This study showcases a year-long guided research training program undertaken in hospital and community workplaces by pre-registrant pharmacists, and compares the perceived impact on learners in both sectors. Educational activity and settingA two-year cohort study (2021−2022) of pre-registrant pharmacists enrolled in a research training program requiring them to undertake an individual project at their workplace over one year at either a community or hospital workplace. Outcome measures were pre-registrant perceptions of training impact and type of projects completed. FindingsThe results of this study demonstrate that the year-long guided research training program delivered to 403 pre-registrant pharmacists was perceived to be impactful to both community and hospital pre-registrant pharmacists and gave them the confidence to pursue further research and see research skills as an important attribute for the profession. Barriers to research included lack of time for both sectors but workplace support and lack of project ideas were especially noted in the community sector. Research project designs were mainly cross-sectional surveys or retrospective audits. SummaryPrograms seeking to adopt a similar model may wish to pay particular attention to supporting community pharmacy learners in providing a pre-selection of project ideas, offering training to workplace supervisors, ensuring enough academic support is given and having more check-in points/deliverables to ensure more feedback opportunities.

Формування та реалізація стратегій сталого розвитку територій на засадах проєктної діяльності

The article examines the peculiarities of the formation and implementation of strategies for the sustainable development of territories based on project activities. It was determined that, by its very nature, project activity in public administration can be considered in two conventional planes: 1) as a documented complex of organizational-technical, socio-economic, material-resource and informational-communicative justification and planning of time-limited activities specially created for this purpose temporary organizational unit of the authority or local self-government to achieve a clearly set goal; 2) as the direct activity of such a unit as a part of a public governance body with a clear internal hierarchy and close interaction both within the project team and between the project group, the local council and the external community, the existence of which is limited to a defined time and ends from the moment of the final realization of the set goal of the project. It was determined that the design activity can be used for the implementation of any projects in all areas and directions of territorial development, solving the problem of attracting investments in local development and control both by state bodies and the public regarding the targeted use of funds, terms and costs for implementation of project ideas. In a strategic plan, the project activity provides an opportunity to direct the efforts of the relevant public authorities to solve the urgent problems of the future development of the united territorial community, region, and state in its key directions. It was established that the content and essence of aspects of project analysis are not always adequately understood, which leads to insufficient quality of substantiation of the social utility of projects, incomplete consideration of the risks of their implementation. It is proved that the issue of implementation of project management in local self-government bodies is relevant, where the real result of work is evaluated not only by higher authorities and controlling bodies, but also directly by residents of the territories. Keywords: project activity, strategy of sustainable development of territories, effectiveness of project activity, united territorial community, level of community readiness for project activity, financial capacity.

Commemorative Practices During the War: Bohdan Mazur’s project Memory of Civilian Victims

The article explores actual issues related to the memorial aspect of commemorating the fallen civilians of Ukraine as a result of russian aggression, focusing on the creative aspects of the commemorative issue in the space of urban architecture and forms of social communication aimed at creating such memorial zones as a part of the collective memory and commemorative policy of the state as a whole. The aim of the paper is to analyze creative practices and socio-cultural (institutional) interactions that strive to implement memorial cultural policy during the war. The subject field of the article is the practical implementation of the idea of the memorial architectural project In Memory of Civilian Victims by Bohdan Mazur, a famous Ukrainian sculptor. It is on the example of the implementation of B. Mazur’s memorial project that the author highlights contradictory approaches and views, problem areas of this project’s implementation: from the forms of memorialization of tragic events to the ways of communicating with authorities, opinion leaders, and professional experts on this issue in the context of wartime.

Prototypes as catalysts for cross-disciplinary collaboration: Viewpoints from applied food research and innovation

BackgroundPrototypes play a central role in applied food research and innovation (R&I), serving as the initial representations of new products, process, or project ideas. They function as "boundary objects", facilitating interdisciplinary dialogue, knowledge creation, and cooperation. Despite their significance, challenges arise due to the differing perspectives and creative behaviors of scientists in this field. This commentary addresses the question of how prototypes can foster collaboration across disciplines in applied food R&I. Scope and approachOur study explores the application of prototypes within the disciplines of innovation management, consumer and sensory science, and food science and technology. We provide an overview of the diverse roles of prototypes in the R&I process and elucidate their function of bridging interdisciplinary gaps and facilitating knowledge exchange. Furthermore, we analyze the use of prototypes across those disciplines, emphasizing their role as communication facilitators and mutual learning tools. Key findings and conclusionsWhile prototypes are indispensable in applied food R&I, they are predominantly employed in distinct phases according to the discipline, with a lack of interdisciplinary collaboration. However, we observed that prototypes often serve similar purposes across disciplines. Thus, we propose a wider integration of prototyping into research processes, to facilitate communication, improve mutual learning and knowledge exchange, and make research outputs easily transferable. Experienced facilitators should holistically manage diverse prototypes, fostering an iterative project model that transcends disciplinary boundaries. Our commentary emphasizes the transformative potential of prototypes advocating for their informed usage across disciplines to advance cross-disciplinary collaboration and align research outcomes with societal needs, thus supporting responsible applied food R&I.

საქართველო - ევროპის და აზიის გზაჯვარედინი - მნიშვნელოვანი აქტორი რეგიონალურ ენერგეტიკულ ლანდშაფტში

Since independence, Georgia’s full-fledged integration into the European Union is not only the foreign policy goal of our country, but also the driving force for the construction and development of a democratic state. Georgia’s strategic location and possession of rich renewable, unconventional energy resources give us a unique chance to become a hub, a “middle corridor” and a conduit for “green energies”. Georgians are ready to use this opportunity for further alignment with the ambitious energy goals of the European Union and the “Green Agreement” of Europe. Our push towards the European Union has been preceded by intensive communication and cooperation on energy legislation, regulations and energy policy, as well as improving energy infrastructure. This is how the so-called mega-project of the 21st century – the Black Sea submarine cable project – was created. The initiative involved in the project is more than simple infrastructure development; It is a symbol of Georgia’s integration and interconnection with the European Union. The Black Sea submarine cable will not only enhance energy security and diversity, but also serve as a renewable energy exchange channel between Asia and Europe. The idea of the Black Sea submarine cable project was born in Georgia, and Georgian geologists carried out technical works to explore the bottom of the Black Sea. At the next stage, Azerbaijan, Romania and Hungary were included in this project. The most important agreement was signed by the representatives of all four countries. The purpose of our research is to determine in advance what economic benefits Georgia will receive during the implementation of this important project, and we will be able to export the energy of renewable resources of our country, if we remain only as a transit corridor, which is also very attractive, although less profitable. While working on the article, we evaluated the potential of Georgia’s renewable, non-traditional energy sources, their target indicators and characteristics. Based on the researched information, we developed conclusions and recommendations. Keywords: renewable, non-conventional energy resources, Black Sea submarine cable, energy security, “green energy”, European integration. VIEW ARTICLE

The Rhine Catchment: A Review of Sediment-Related Knowledge, Monitoring, and a Future Research Perspective

The Rhine River is affected by major human interventions affecting its morphology and sediment regime, which have severely changed its flow and sediment transport. While channelization has increased the sediment transport capacity in the free-flowing sections, the sediment retention behind dams has caused a bedload deficit downstream and has additionally intensified riverbed erosion. The resulting consequences range from the exposure of less erodible sediment layers that pose obstacles for navigation, to the scouring of infrastructure, the lowering of groundwater levels, and multiple negative ecological consequences. To optimize the efficiency of countermeasures, a coherent overview of all sediment-related activities and the state of knowledge on the Rhine catchment is required. That is why the present study aims to give a catchment-wide overview in this regard, identify knowledge gaps and proposing a future research programme. The methodological approach includes a comprehensive literature review and online interviews with experts from six riparian countries working in the fields of sediment research and management. Based on our investigations, we have derived several research topics, each consisting of research questions. Three project ideas were defined that should primarily be realized: (i) the influence of climate change and land use change on the sediment regime; (ii) alteration and improvement of the sediment balance and continuity, sediment transport, and morphology; and (iii) national and bilateral projects on sediment transport processes and management.

Variable selection using data splitting and projection for principal fitted component models in high dimension

Sufficient dimension reduction (SDR) is such an effective way to detect nonlinear relationship between response variable and covariates by reducing the dimensionality of covariates without information loss. The principal fitted component (PFC) model is a way to implement SDR using some class of basis functions, however the PFC model is not efficient when there are many irrelevant or noisy covariates. There have been a few studies on the selection of variables in the PFC model via penalized regression or sequential likelihood ratio test. A novel variable selection technique in the PFC model has been proposed by incorporating a recent development in multiple testing such as mirror statistics and random data splitting. It is highlighted how we construct a mirror statistic in the PFC model using the idea of projection of coefficients to the other space generated from data splitting. The proposed method is superior to some existing methods in terms of false discovery rate (FDR) control and applicability to high-dimensional cases. In particular, the proposed method outperforms other methods as the number of covariates tends to be getting larger, which would be appealing in high dimensional data analysis. Simulation studies and analyses of real data sets have been conducted to show the finite sample performance and the gain that it yields compared to existing methods.

Strategi Experiental Marketing Akal Production Pada Event Loal Museum Melalui Media Sosial TikTok

This Final Project Report is an application of project-based curriculum or other forms compiled based on the author's experience while making projects at Akal Production company as an event organizer located in Padang City. While in the company, the author created a unique event project that has never existed in Padang City, namely an interactive museum that emphasizes visual creativity. Loal Museum is a project idea created so that the citizens of Padang have a new place of art, entertainment and recreation. The event was held for 1 full month located in Fabriec Block, Parupuk Tabing. This event carries the theme Galaxy Pop Art by using the #MagicExperienceOfLoal campaign. Loal Museum has several rides whose purpose is to provide direct experience to visitors. In addition, the author who is part of Akal Production as Chief Of Admin and Social Media to manage the promotion of this event so that it has many enthusiasts and visitors who come every day of the month. This Experiental Marketing strategy is carried out through TikTok and Instagram social media. This strategy is used to create an interesting experience to make this event viral and known by many people is through TikTok social media. Through the experiental marketing strategy, many visitors come through their curiosity and experience firsthand the experiences that many other visitors have felt. The obstacle that the author faced when running thisLoal Musem project was the many communication errors that occurred.

A structured process for the fuzzy front-end of complex projects

The front-end stage of projects, which covers the period from inception through to project approval, is not well understood in the literature and is considered ‘fuzzy’. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to develop a structured process for the project front-end stage of complex projects. In this study, the rigorous and protracted front-end process followed by Australian Defence acquisition and development projects is analysed. Findings propose a front-end process that consists of the following four steps: (1) project trigger identification, (2) project idea generation, (3) business case development, and (4) business case appraisal. We further detail the activities included in each step and propose practical implications for operations managers and the organisation. By structuring the front-end process, our research contributes to the operations management literature by clarifying roles, responsibilities, and activities in the management of the front-end of complex projects and their alignment with the operations’ environment.

2025 EAAI Mentored Undergraduate Research Challenge: Playing Word Association Games

The topic for EAAI 2025's Mentored Undergraduate Research Challenge is PlayingWord Association Games. What does that mean? Where are the applications? How can you get started? We break down the topic, discuss applications, and explore project ideas in this column.

Evaluation of the Embrittlement in Reactor Pressure-Vessel Steels Using a Hybrid Nondestructive Electromagnetic Testing and Evaluation Approach.

The nondestructive determination of the neutron-irradiation-induced embrittlement of nuclear reactor pressure-vessel steel is a very important and recent problem. Within the scope of the so-called NOMAD project funded by the Euratom research and training program, novel nondestructive electromagnetic testing and evaluation (NDE) methods were applied to the inspection of irradiated reactor pressure-vessel steel. In this review, the most important results of this project are summarized. Different methods were used and compared with each other. The measurement results were compared with the destructively determined ductile-to-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) values. Three magnetic methods, 3MA (micromagnetic, multiparameter, microstructure and stress analysis), MAT (magnetic adaptive testing), and Barkhausen noise technique (MBN), were found to be the most promising techniques. The results of these methods were in good agreement with each other. A good correlation was found between the magnetic parameters and the DBTT values. The basic idea of the NOMAD project is to use a multi-method/multi-parameter approach and to focus on the synergies that allow us to recognize the side effects, therefore suppressing them at the same time. Different types of machine-learning (ML) algorithms were tested in a competitive manner, and their performances were evaluated. The important outcome of the ML technique is that not only one but several different ML techniques could reach the required precision and reliability, i.e., keeping the DBTT prediction error lower than a ±25 °C threshold, which was previously not possible for any of the NDE methods as single entities. A calibration/training procedure was carried out on the merged outcome of the testing methods with excellent results to predict the transition temperature, yield strength, and mechanical hardness for all investigated materials. Our results, achieved within the NOMAD project, can be useful for the future potential introduction of this (and, in general, any) nondestructive evolution method.

Automated importance sampling via optimal control for stochastic reaction networks: A Markovian projection–based approach

We propose a novel alternative approach to our previous work (Ben Hammouda et al., 2023) to improve the efficiency of Monte Carlo (MC) estimators for rare event probabilities for stochastic reaction networks (SRNs). In the same spirit of Ben Hammouda et al. (2023), an efficient path-dependent measure change is derived based on a connection between determining optimal importance sampling (IS) parameters within a class of probability measures and a stochastic optimal control formulation, corresponding to solving a variance minimization problem. In this work, we propose a novel approach to address the encountered curse of dimensionality by mapping the problem to a significantly lower-dimensional space via a Markovian projection (MP) idea. The output of this model reduction technique is a low-dimensional SRN (potentially even one dimensional) that preserves the marginal distribution of the original high-dimensional SRN system. The dynamics of the projected process are obtained by solving a related optimization problem via a discrete L2 regression. By solving the resulting projected Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equations for the reduced-dimensional SRN, we obtain projected IS parameters, which are then mapped back to the original full-dimensional SRN system, resulting in an efficient IS-MC estimator for rare events probabilities of the full-dimensional SRN. Our analysis and numerical experiments reveal that the proposed MP-HJB-IS approach substantially reduces the MC estimator variance, resulting in a lower computational complexity in the rare event regime than standard MC estimators.

The Feasibility Study Report as an Effective Tool to Evaluate Investment Projects: A Solid Waste Treatment Project as a Case Study

Hundreds of infrastructure investment projects are inserted into the Iraqi government budget annually. Many of these projects suffer from suspension, delay in completion, corruption, or other negative issues known in Iraqi construction projects. This may harm the country's economic recovery due to allocating funds to useless projects from one or more feasibility studies' components. Therefore, the best solution is to pay attention to the feasibility study reports. This study highlights the importance of feasibility studies reports for investment projects and their effective role in evaluating project ideas to ensure an equitable distribution of a country's financial resources to the most feasible investment projects. This importance was highlighted through a practical case study for a solid waste treatment project. The results of the case study showed that feasibility studies provide very important information on which investors and governments can rely to make the appropriate decisions for investment projects. The study also addressed the risks that investors can be exposed to in Iraq and how to include them in the economic analysis of feasibility studies.

The Impact of a Centralized Plastic Surgery Research Infrastructure on Scholarly Productivity and Output.

Although research and innovation is a key within the field of plastic and reconstructive surgery, the impact of team structure, interpersonal dynamics, and/or standardized infrastructure on scholarly output has been infrequently studied. In this work, we present the formation and implementation of a novel plastic surgery research program that aims to unite previously disparate clinical and translational research efforts at our institution to facilitate critical inquiry. From July 2022 to June 2023, our department launched a pilot research program based on three pillars: (1) formalization of a research curriculum (monthly research meetings for agenda setting and discussion for project honing, formal research leadership for meeting facilitation and workflow regulation), (2) development of a centralized database to compile ongoing research (Google Drive repository to house all ongoing research documents, facilitate real-time editing, and provide resources/templates for assisting in the research process), and (3) bolstering of a core research identity built on mentorship and collaboration (more frequent interactions to shift previously siloed faculty-student mentorship into a robust milieu of intercollaboration). During the first year, we saw an increased number of publications and presentations, as well as robust participation and contribution from faculty, residents, and medical students. Future directions will focus on addressing resource limitation, such as project idea availability and funding, to sustain the success and growth of this novel research infrastructure.

Scaling up innovation: European Innovation Council

The European Innovation Council (EIC) was launched in March 2021 and aims to help advance breakthrough innovations. To do so it has a funding budget of over €10 billion between 2021 and 2027. The EIC Board comprises entrepreneurs, researchers, investors, company representatives, along with other members of the innovation community, and is responsible for the EIC’s strategy, work programme and its implementation. Available funding is overseen by EIC Programme Managers who are experts in their field and aim to make innovations a reality by nurturing an environment where breakthroughs can truly blossom. The 2023 work programme includes three funding schemes; each designed to fit a particular project idea. Through the EIC Pathfinder scheme, €343 million is available to multifaceted research groups to facilitate innovative research. Candidates for this scheme are typically visionary scientists, entrepreneurial researchers, research performing organisations, start-ups, high-tech SMEs and groups and individuals with an interest in technology research and development. For research teams grants of up to €4 million are available to support technologies in the early stages of development. New technologies are supported and prepared for market by the EIC Transition scheme. Providing they can demonstrate that research results arising from Pathfinder and European Research Council Proof of Concept projects can be transformed into pioneering technologies and new businesses, applicants can access funding worth €128.3 million. If successful, applicants gain the opportunity to further develop their idea, produce a business plan and bring their innovation to market.

Bridging Silos: Collaborating to Create Authentic Learning Experiences for Future Instructional Designers

Authentic learning experiences such as internships can enhance employability and support the development of interpersonal skills. Arranging internships can be challenging for instructional design and technology (IDT) education programs, involving a need for collaboration with others across disciplinary areas to connect students with real-world instructional design needs and project ideas. This paper offers a design case of a partnership of investigators from multiple disciplines at a large, urban, public university in the southwestern United States that was leveraged to create summer internships for IDT students. Interviews were conducted with participating students six months following the program. There were noted impacts of the internship on their identities as novice IDT professionals, with certain components of the internship structure more directly shaping their IDT skills for working on transdisciplinary team projects.

Kolonialismus in der «eigenen» Stadt erfahren – ein Unterrichtsprojekt zur Kolonialgeschichte der Schweiz

Inspired by various projects currently dealing with the history of Switzerland and its role in a globally networked world characterized by colonialism, the project idea « Chur kolonial » was born. This was carried out as part of a project week in the spring semester at the Bündner Kantonsschule with the aim of working through some of the colonial entanglements of the city of Chur together with a group of students and making them accessible to the public in the form of an audio tour. What worked well? Where were the difficulties? This paper is intended to make the project concept accessible to other teachers. In addition, possible history didactic potentials of this project work will be presented.