Idealistic Approach Research Articles

Creative performance in professional advertising development: The role of ideation templates, consumer insight, and intrinsic motivation

AbstractTo develop more creative advertising, scholars advocate ideation techniques and one of the most strongly supported is the Templates method. This research explores the efficacy of Templates, and evaluates its effectiveness compared to other creative ideation approaches. Two studies are presented. One directly asks professional advertising creatives to use specific Templates to develop advertisements. The other determines if the mere knowledge of the Templates method improves creative ideation. In both studies, industry-based judges assess the quality of respondents’ work. The Templates approach improves the originality of advertising, with no detrimental influence on strategy. Two alternative approaches to enhancing creativity were compared against Templates: 1) providing better domain knowledge through consumer insight and 2) improving the intrinsic motivation of creatives. The research shows these two alternatives both improve originality yet reduce how “on strategy” the advertising is—a trade-off effect. However, the Templates method does not suffer from this trade-off and performs well, by improving originality without any detriment on strategic focus.

‘No es la democracia que míster superman quiere imponernos desde Washington’: An analysis of populist attitudes on democracy from Latin American legislators

AbstractIn studies on Populism, extensive discussion has mounted around whether the phenomenon represents a threat to democracy or a corrective force. In line with this concern, we examine whether the populist attitudes held by legislators are related to their opinions on the functioning of and satisfaction with three central aspects of governance: (I) democracy itself; (II) its institutions; and (III) the separation of powers. Using the ideational approach and survey information collected for the PELA‐USAL database, we first measure the populist attitudes of legislators in 12 Latin American countries. We then test through multivariate analysis two theoretical arguments: (1) that populism is relatively hostile to democracy and its institutions; and (2) that ideological extremism and the situation of the legislator in the government/opposition dynamic serve as moderators (enhancers) of that hostility. The results suggest that the populist attitudes of these legislators are indeed significantly connected to lower levels of trust and satisfaction with democracy and its institutions and that populism in combination with ideological extremism sharpens that critical perspective, while a legislator's affiliation with the ruling party or coalition in government tends to temper it.

Gillo Dorfles, An Everyday Aesthetician

This paper introduces the Italian thinker Gillo Dorfles (1910-2018) as an early formulator of “la estetica del quotidiano” (Everyday Aesthetics) from the 1960s onwards. Throughout his extensive body of work, Dorfles gradually combined analyses of very different forms of aesthetic production and behavior while at the same time developing a line of aesthetic thought that offered an alternative to idealistic approaches. His approach centers on the interplay between the mythopoetic and the mythagogic, or between the synchronic and the diachronic.

Why do populists scorn compromises (and how do they live with them)?

ABSTRACT Both political theorists and scholars working on populism with an ideational approach have frequently noted that populists are averse to compromise. However, the negative relationship between populism and compromise has not been analyzed in detail. In this paper, we offer a comprehensive account of the reasons behind this oft-repeated conflict between populist narratives and the practice of compromise, disentangling the various dimensions of such incompatibility and exploring their connections. We rely on theoretical and empirical research on populism, supplemented by illustrative examples and references to political theory with an anti-pluralist coloration and the opponents thereof. We compare populist objections with Baume and Papadopoulos’s typology of objections to political compromises. We demonstrate that populist objections only partly overlap with those inventoried in the typology, notably along the moral and antagonistic dimensions, while the populist claim that compromises denature the unmediated expression of the popular will has not been considered before. Through an exploratory case study, we further reflect on how populists justify compromises when they are in power, notwithstanding their ideological reluctances. Our paper enriches the study of the ideational elements of populism while advancing research on the perception of compromises in democratic politics.

Основные направления оптимизации конфликтности управленческой среды в воинских коллективах технологиями социального регулирования

The article investigates methods for optimizing conflict management within the administrative environment of military units through social regulation technologies. It analyzes the specific features of such units, including their hierarchical structure, discipline, and the diversity of social, cultural, and educational groups. Various types of social regulation technologies are examined, including normative, realistic, and idealistic approaches, their roles in conflict resolution, and their impact on the manageability and cohesion of military units. The theoretical part examines the causes of conflicts, such as unreasonable managerial decisions, violation of social justice, excessive guardianship of superiors and insufficient prestige of command positions. The article emphasizes the importance of integrating theoretical knowledge and practical skills in conflict management to enhance the combat readiness and effectiveness of units. It also highlights the need for the systematization and dissemination of best practices in conflict resolution within military units.

Adapting Islamic Education in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah: Ideal Conditions in the New Normal Era

The Covid-19 pandemic has significantly impacted Indonesian education, prompting adaptations in teaching methods. Madrasah Ibtidaiyah institutions, in particular, shifted to online learning, facing challenges like a decline in student morals and character. This study evaluates the ideal conditions for education at the Madrasah Ibtidaiyah level in the new normal era, focusing on idealistic educational philosophy. A literature study approach was employed, analyzing data from books, academic journals, and relevant literature on idealistic educational philosophy. The aim was to explore how this philosophy can address pandemic-induced challenges and support education development in the new normal. Findings indicate that idealistic educational philosophy can effectively address post-pandemic educational challenges. This philosophy emphasizes guiding students to develop their thoughts and personalities in harmony with their intrinsic nature and societal values. Education should nurture each student's personality according to their talents, interests, and age-appropriate skills. Effective and efficient teaching methods are crucial for achieving these goals, focusing on holistic student development. The study highlights the importance of aligning educational philosophy with students' natural development. In Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, the idealistic approach enhances the moral and character development of students, adversely affected during the pandemic. By fostering individualized learning and personal growth, educational institutions can better navigate new normal challenges. Implementing idealistic educational philosophy in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah institutions can play a pivotal role in overcoming educational challenges exacerbated by the Covid-19 pandemic, ensuring well-rounded education that prepares students for their societal roles.

Right-wing populism in Turkey and the 2023 elections

ABSTRACT This article examines right-wing populism in the May 2023 elections of Turkey, mainly focussing on the Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi-AKP). Using the ideational approach of populism, I first briefly examine the AKP’s predecessors, the Democratic Party (Demokrat Parti-DP) and the National Outlook (Milli Görüş) movement, which exploited the divide between secular elites and devout Muslims, based on a cultural conflict between two contrasting visions of a good society rooted in secularism and Islam. The AKP carries three characteristics of populism: people-centrism, anti-elitism, and a Manichean outlook, widely applied in the party’s discourse during recent elections. This study illustrates the fact that populism in Turkey damages the democratic game, where opponents are seen as legitimate rivals, as evidenced in the country’s democracy scores. Also, right-wing populism during the 2023 elections depicted the opposition as illegitimate enemies, both non-native and non-national, illustrating the moralistic imagination of politics.

Sensors capabilities as a creativity tool for engineering product design

Smart and connected physical products enable numerous novel value creations based on embedded sensor data. However, during the product design process, it appears that these value-creation opportunities are not sufficiently explored. To address this gap, a general and accessible ideation tool is proposed to structure a systematic exploration. The tool has been developed from the data sheets of a large number of various embedded sensors. A non-exhaustive list of 14 main sensor capabilities was thus structured to form the core of the tool. During the creative phases of product design, these capabilities are combined with a convenient set of inputs to support the generation of value-creation concepts. A focus group to evaluate the tool was carried out with a medium-sized manufacturer of connected shared city bikes. Expert product designers generated concepts with and without the tool. The results of the experiment suggest that the tool enables the generation of concepts that are more novel and of better quality in comparison to traditional ideation approaches. In addition, participants reported a high level of appreciation for the tool. They also noted a high level of creative exploration and collaboration facilitated by the tool.

Conceptual Thinking of Power “Think – Imagin” Fingering-Abilities

The power subject is difficult. Aborded it in Conceptual Thinking (CT) is very difficult. It's demanded a large and extensive experience in research. CT proposed in this article is innovative. It provides and develops a central and main element of CT: ideation. This CT offers a whole panoply of approaches to realize this ideation. She coordinates the "think-Imagine" specific to CT projected. She proposed ideation approach for R&D studies in firms. The foundation of this CT comes in two parts: “Highlighting the foundations of CT”; and “Maximize and optimize ideation in “Macro-concept - Quantum Gates””. The two components complement each other and develop the capacities and giving “Fingering-abilities, Power”. The whole approach allows, on the one hand to “Think and Imagine” in research by giving the broadest and most complete possible openness of mind and ideation; and, on the other hand, "Design-Develop" is centered on the "say business" for business development. The ideation is the main basis of this research. This ideation is based on two phases: corroboration for the "course of things" (the course of events); and correlation for "state-of-things" (brain-like event analyses). The CT expect theories and practices in the social sciences, particularly in management and philosophy; and Analyze Information Technologies, in particular those of quantum. These research’ areas are necessary for thoughtful study CT and conditioning thought for “act of the mind”. The methodology is founded on more of forty years action researches. Diagnostic of the latter allow a validation of this CT. These parts and phases give and show the mechanisms, the gears, the constitution, the formalisms... of this CT. Most approaches to investigating ideation focus on the functioning of knowledge. CT proposed goes above and beyond by taking charge of skills and abilities by devoting itself to extended organizations for the absorptive capacities in co-trust synonymous with Power.

Will the real populists please stand up? A machine learning index of party populism

The existing literature on populism has seen numerous attempts to empirically quantify this somewhat ambiguous concept. Despite notable advances, continuous measures of populism with a clear theoretical background and a considerable coverage are still hard to come by. This paper proposes a novel approach to measuring party populism by combining several different expert-surveys via supervised machine learning techniques. Employing the random forest regression algorithm, we greatly expand the geographical and temporal coverage of two well-known populism indicators, which are based on the discursive and the ideational approach, respectively. The resulting multidimensional measures capture party-level populism on a continuous 0–10 scale, covering 1920 parties in 169 countries from 1970 to 2019. Our measures accurately replicate both definitions of populism, although the indicators may be more suitable for predicting populist outcomes in Western countries, as compared to non-Western ones.

Theorising an Omnipresent Concept. Memory as a Thickening Factor of Populism

Within various fields of social sciences, populism is being constantly re-conceptualised to create a possibly most holistic definition of the phenomenon, one which would encompass all of its structural features and allow it to be applied to the largest number of empirical manifestations. Nonetheless, across different disciplines a growing consensus gains traction to define populism through the framework of ideology. As such, populism is understood as possessing a capability to attach itself to more powerful ideological concepts – nationalism, socialism, fascism. Thus, the central question in the study of populism as ideology needs to focus on the mechanics of strengthening populism in a given case. What makes one populism more radical than another? Using Freeden’s ideational approach and Mudde’s work on factors influencing intensity and efficiency of populism, this paper argues that the perception of the past in a given community, constructed through collective memory policies and expressed by means of historical revisionism, works as a ‘thickening agent’ fostering electoral success and increasing political durability of populist governance. Although seeking to create primarily a theoretical contribution, it will also encompass evidence of that modality from studying collective memory policies under Poland’s Law and Justice Party rule between 2015 and 2019.

Диалектико-материалистическое понимание правовых ценностей в рамках социоаксиологического подхода к праву и дискурсивно-конвенциональной правовой теории

The work proclaims and defends the dialectical-materialistic understanding of the category of “legal value”. This approach is characteristic of the socio-axiological approach to law, where law is considered as a system of values and a discursive-conventional theory of law based on it, where, in turn, law appears as a conventional phenomenon developed in the process of legal discourse, which is a discursive form of class struggle in modern society. The work uses dialectical (dialectical-materialistic method), formal-logical and systemic methods. A socio-axiological approach to law is used. The materialistic understanding of values is an important factor in scientific axiology, freed from the fetters of “ideology”. The formal legal approach to the definition of legal values is excluded, where legal values are understood as values expressed in legal texts (mainly in legal sources), and an arbitrarily idealistic approach to legal values. The dialectical understanding of values presupposes an understanding of legal values through two points: the formation of values from contradictions within the framework of right-wing discourse and the relationship (structure) of values in law (and these two points — a kind of state also express the contradiction between dynamics and statics).

A Threat and A Corrective for Democracy: An Introduction to Populism in the Past and Present

With the increasing interdependence between states, populism also rises through opposing current institutions, which gradually becomes a political force in some regions nowadays. However, there is no accepted academic definition of populism. Therefore, this essay lists three major approaches for scholars to define populism, the sociocultural approach, the political-strategic approach, the ideational approach, and makes some critical comments on them. After the evaluations, the reasons why the ideational approach is the most probable method to illustrate populism can be explained. By analyzing the mobilization of populism in different regions, the core features of populists can be reflected and the demands of populists can update with time advance. On the aspect of political effect, this article studies its influence on democratic institutions and policy-making, which show both positive and negative sides under different circumstances. In summary, populism is a special kind of ideology related to the people and the elite that can attach to other ideologies. Besides, populism can remind the rulers to solve some problems when they are in opposition, nevertheless, populism can also be a threat to democracy when they thoroughly control a regime.

An Examination of the Preservice Teachers’ Personal Practical Theories

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the contents and sources of preservice teachers’ personal practical theories (PPTs) and the relationship between the contents and sources. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study was carried out using a basic qualitative research design. The study group of the research was determined by criterion sampling, one of the purposive sampling methods. The data collection instrument was developed by the researcher. This instrument was developed with an understanding that allowed preservice teachers to externalize their PPTs, reason about the professional behaviors that their PPTs would result in, identify the sources of their PPTs, and recall the relevant memories that their PPTs originated from. Fifty-one preservice teachers studying in the eighth semester of the classroom teaching program were included in the study group of the research. Analyses were based on PPT statements labeled with 489 in vivo codes. The research data were obtained within the scope of a study titled "Personal practice-based theory construction" conducted with the participants for three weeks. Findings: Preservice teachers’ PPTs were analyzed under the themes of teacher, students, instruction, curriculum, classroom, and socio-cultural context of education. It was observed that the teacher candidates’ PPTs were mainly constructed on the teacher theme, through which the characteristics of high-quality teachers were explained. It was seen that about half of the teacher candidates’ PPTs were sourced from their experiences before they came to the faculty of education, while the lowest percentage of PTTs stemmed from the theoretical dimension of teacher education. Highlights: The most prominent of these is that teacher candidates constructed their PPTs predominantly on ideal teacher characteristics, while they paid less attention to the curriculum and socio-cultural context. An idealistic approach that placed too much emphasis on values was identified in the contents of the candidates’ PPTs. Although the candidates’ PPTs were largely compatible with the accepted theories, they need to be developed to transfer them into practice in a real classroom context.

Authoritarian populism and response to COVID‐19: A comparative study of the United States, India, and Brazil

As the phenomenon of populism is in the preliminary stages of exploratory research, the present study involves an empirical investigation involving a case study of the United States, India, and Brazil to examine whether a correlation exists between populism and management of COVID‐19. The study adopts the ideational approach of populism as a set of ideas or discourse to review how core conceptual features of populism have impacted on management of COVID‐19. The study has two main objectives: (1) to examine whether populism in the United States, India, and Brazil has determined “a populist response” to the pandemic in dealing with the health crises and (2) to explore the management of COVID‐19 in the states led by right‐wing populism and the commonality of populist approaches adopted in handling the health crisis. Comparing the three states' statistical data of management models, the study has argued that common populist mechanisms such as distrust for experts, contempt for institutions, and suspicion of “others” have guided the US, India, and Brazilian leadership response to COVID‐19. It further argues that leadership in the United States, India, and Brazil has prevented effective management by politicizing the crisis, aggravating social polarization, and contradicting expert advice. Moreover, populist and nationalist orientation of the leadership has evaded responsibility in these states with the leadership blaming ethnicities for spreading the virus and by weakening societal solidarity.

THE AESTHETIC AND SENSUAL IN CULTURE: PAINTING EXPERIENCE AND WINE TASTING IN THE CONCEPTION OF CONNOISSEURSHIP OF MAX FRIEDLÄNDER

The article compares the features of sensory and aesthetic perception using the example of wine tasting and expert judgment about the authorship of a work of art from the standpoint of the philosophy of culture. The comparison belongs to the German art historian and theorist of knowledge M. Friedländer (1867–1958). This comparison might seem more conventionally artistic than able to really explain the specifics of aesthetic perception or reasons for the convergence of such cultural phenomena as wine tasting and artistic style, since taste is the most unreliable and most dependent of our senses, in contrast to vision. But the Belgian art theorist T. Lenain shows how a change in the understanding of a work of art (from a normative idealistic approach to a historicist one), firstly, changes our perception of art (which is now understood as a set of imprinted traces – from the cultural characteristics of the era in which the work was created, to the characteristics of the personality of the artist). Secondly, if a work of art grows as a fruit of a certain style and a certain person, then when we perceive it, we see all the features, all manifestations of this style, and we can judge the authorship – just like a true wine specialist will determine its pedigree in just one sip, true connoisseurs are able to recognise the master’s hand at a glance. Thus, the seemingly exotic comparison of the perception of art with the perception of wine becomes quite justified.

Political Realism in the Chinese Warring States Period and the European Renaissance:

Τhis article presents the basic similarities and differences between the Political Realism of Niccolò Machiavelli in the 15th century A.D., i.e. during the Renaissance in Europe, and the Chinese Legalism of Han Fei in the 3rd century B.C., during the Warring States period. It could be supported that Political Realism and Political Legalism share numerous elements that bring them closer rather than apart. The fundamental works written by the main representatives of these two political doctrines, namely the Prince by Machiavelli and the Han Feizi by Han Fei, are addressed to living political leaders, specifically Lorenzo de' Medici and the governor of the Hann state in the Warring States historical period (476-221 B.C.) respectively. Both philosophical movements emphasize the importance of statesmanship in a ruler and reject the idealistic approach to politics. Machiavelli and Han Fei do not promote a cruel leadership, but straightforwardly condemn morality alone as insufficient for the establishment of a state. Both of them try to replace previous models of virtuous political philosophy – that of classical antiquity in the case of Machiavelli and that of Confucianism in the case of Han Fei – with a new notion of political correctness which takes into account the urgency of the moment and ensures political stability.

WORLDVIEW, THINKING AND HISTORY

The goal of this article is to find out the influence of worldview on thinking and historical writing. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the author's idealistic approach. The article shows the influence of worldview on the process of thinking and creating an image of the past. The role of ideas in the process of perception of the external world, the formation of experience and imagination is determined. The dependence of the way of thinking on the dominant worldview in the mind of the historian is substantiated. The possibility and conditions for understanding the thinking and logic of people of a certain historical era are revealed. The characteristics of the ways of thinking in different worldview eras are given. The influence of the worldview on the historical actions of people is clarified, and the concept of subjective-objective reality is substantiated. In conclusion, the author concludes that the way of thinking and its logic are determined by the dominant worldview. The worldview and the corresponding way of thinking determine the historical activity of a person, therefore the main task of the historian in creating an image of the past is to understand what ideas underlay historical action.

EU or Euro Area Crisis? Studying Differentiated Integration as an Idea Structuring Elite Perceptions of the Sovereign Debt and the COVID-19 Crisis

ABSTRACT After the sovereign debt crisis, scholars concluded that euro area member states (EAMS) and non-EAMS embarked on diverging paths of integration. Yet, their united response countering the economic consequences of the COVID-19 crisis contradicts the path-dependency argument. This article takes an ideational approach. It demonstrates that the different crisis outcomes regarding differentiated integration (DI) in Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) coincide with variations of how DI influenced elite crisis perceptions as an idea. While policymakers perceived the sovereign debt crisis as a currency area crisis with threats and spillovers applying to EAMS, they interpreted the COVID-19 crisis as a health emergency threatening all EU member states. These differences in elite crisis perceptions facilitated different outcomes regarding DI despite unchanged economic and fiscal circumstances among EAMS and non-EAMS. The findings challenge deterministic assumptions on the self-reinforcing nature of DI in EMU and establish DI as an idea structuring elite perceptions.

Populist student organizations in Indonesia: an analysis of anti-establishment ideas

Experts argue that Indonesia is being affected by a wave of populism, with the most prominent form being right-wing populism pushed by Islamic groups. However, despite the research on populism in Indonesia, the issue of populism and students has not been fully explored by scholars. Students have been impactful in several phases of change in Indonesia’s political history. This article argues that populist movements—specifically Islamic populism—exist and develop in on campuses. This paper aims to explain both the model and the reality of populism among Islamic students in Indonesia and determine which is more populist. This article explores this phenomenon by studying two Islamic student organizations in Indonesia, the Muslim Student Association (Himpunan Mahasiswa Islam; HMI) and GEMA Liberation (GEMA Pembebasan). We chose these two organizations because of their existence and age. This research used an ideational approach with a qualitative analysis framework. The data collected consisted of primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained through an interview process with 24 key informants, consisting of central-level administrators, alumni, and members of each organization. Secondary data was obtained from various media reports and official organizational documents. This research found two populist organizational models among Islamic students, represented by HMI and GEMA Liberation. Analysis of the two cases shows that HMI’s populism appears more moderate or thin than that of GEMA Liberation, which is much stronger and more assertive. The determination of which organization is more populist is based on two approaches: the number of individuals following the organization and the correspondence between their ideas and the practical steps they take for change. Based on the first approach, HMI is more populist than GEMA Liberation. If considered based on the second approach, GEMA Liberation is more populist than HMI.