Ideal Work Research Articles

A Survey Analysis of Motivations and Perceived Consequences of Work Hours Among Pharmacy Students

ObjectiveTo determine pharmacy students’ weekly work hours during Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) semesters, the primary reasons for working or not working, and how work hours impact their pharmacy education experience. MethodsA multicenter cross-sectional survey was conducted among first-year (P1) to fourth-year (P4) pharmacy students enrolled in PharmD programs at 3 colleges of pharmacy between January and February 2024. The 22-item anonymous survey queried student characteristics, current and ideal paid work hours, primary reasons for working, and perceived consequences of work hours on pharmacy education. ResultsA total of 622 pharmacy students participated in this survey (61% response rate). Community pharmacies (39%, n = 242) and inpatient hospital pharmacies (29%, n = 179) were the most common work settings for participants. Mean reported student work hours per week were statistically higher than ideal hours (12.3 vs 10.8). Most students were comfortable with their weekly work hours (63%, n = 307). Academic commitment was the main reason for students working fewer than ideal hours (76%, n = 65) while financial necessity was the primary reason for students working more than their ideal hours (86%, n = 82). Reduced study time (90%, n = 84), increased stress and fatigue (72%, n = 67), and limited extracurricular involvement (59%, n = 55) were consequences of working beyond ideal work hours. ConclusionMost students are comfortable with their average 12-h/week work hours. Financial necessity is a primary reason for students working more than their ideal hours, and excess work hours may contribute to reduced student engagement in pharmacy education. Faculty can use this information in their discussions with students balancing work and academic commitments.

Competitive correlation between the interface layers determines the shear strength in Kovar/AgCuTi/Si3N4 joints

AbstractAs a promising high‐thermal‐conductivity ceramics, the direct bonding of Si3N4 with metals remains challenging. Here, we employed active metal brazing of Si3N4 ceramics and Kovar alloys using AgCuTi metal filler, and found that the shear strength in the prepared Kovar/AgCuTi/Si3N4 joints depends on the competitive correlation between the interface layers. The competitive consumption for active element Ti by Kovar/AgCuTi interfacial reactions reduced AgCuTi/Si3N4 interface layer thickness and deteriorated final shear strength, even when using a high‐Ti‐content filler. Surface analysis indicated that interfacial fracture between Ag‐based solid solution and Ti5Si3 was the primary cause of failure. Density functional theory (DFT) revealed that Ag (111)/Fe2Ti (001) interface had higher ideal work of adhesion (Wad) than Ag (111)/Ti5Si3 (001) interface, confirming the importance of AgCuTi/Si3N4 interface layer. Ultimately, by adjusting interface reaction layer thickness, the joints reached a high shear strength of 154.3 MPa.

Mechanism of carbide transformation and its impact on the mechanical properties of electron beam freeform fabricated TiC-γ'/Ni-Fe-Cr composite during aging treatment

The inherent instability of the microstructure in nickel matrix composites fabricated via additive manufacturing limits their application in high-temperature environments. This research proposed and prepared a Ni-Fe-Cr matrix composite reinforced with in-situ micron-size TiC and nano-size γ' phases using electron beam freeform fabrication (EBF3) with nickel-based powder-cored wire. To attain a stable microstructure at high temperature, the deposited composite was subjected to aging treatment for different durations. The mechanism of carbide transformation from TiC to Cr23C6 and its influence on the mechanical properties were thoroughly investigated. After aging heat treatment, the γ' particles coarsened from around 10 nm to over 100 nm. TiC phase partially decomposed and transformed into Cr23C6 carbides through the TiC+γ→Cr23C6+γ′ reaction. A distinct Cr23C6/γ'/γ transition layer was formed around the TiC phase. The ideal work of adhesion of the phase interfaces was calculated by first-principles calculations, and the γ' (200)/Cr23C6 (200) interface exhibits the lowest value. With prolonged aging time, the ongoing reaction leads to an increased proportion of mixed carbides, exhibiting a continuous aggregated distribution along grain boundaries. This phenomenon adversely affects the toughness due to weak bonding at the γ'/Cr23C6 interface. As a result, the ultimate tensile strength of the aging treated composites initially increased and then decreased, while the elongation continuously decreased with the extension of aging time.

Ideal Work Practices for Students in Distance Universities to Improve the Quality of Education and Career Preparation: a case study of the Taxation study program

Ideal Work Practices for Students in Distance Universities to Improve the Quality of Education and Career Preparation: a case study of the Taxation study program

From slash youth to flow workers: exploring the work issues behind the slash youth phenomenon in Mainland China

ABSTRACT In 2016, the slash youth phenomenon gained attention in mainland China. It was seen as an ideal work plan to adapt to contemporary conditions, and was even endorsed by Chinese state media. However, this paper challenges these narratives and examines the practicality of slash youth as a work plan. Through in-depth research and interviews with 20 slash workers, it explores the work problems faced by young people in mainland China and highlights the discrepancies between practice and narrative. In reality, most slash youth work as flow workers, a new type of labor subject shaped by the specific contextual conditions of mainland China. This type of work typically fails to provide a decent income or opportunities for personal growth, contradicting the promises of slash youth narratives. The transition from slash workers to flow workers reveals the limited employment options available and underscores the need for systemic changes in the nature of work. An integrated work culture and system that adapts to new forms of work is needed to avoid dire consequences.

Decoding Public Policy Making: Unraveling the Variables and Analytical Questions for Systematic, Comprehensive Analysis

Purpose: Government employees, like persons in the private sector, spend a lot of their time in public service. Consequently, employee satisfaction is essential for safeguarding long-term effectiveness and efficiency in both private and public sector organizations. Creating satisfactory working environments improves employees’ work-life balance, thus higher satisfaction levels. Every year, job satisfaction levels are measured throughout all the UAE public sector institutes. This is done through a survey sent by the Dubai Government Excellence Program (DGEP) to the employees every year. With the United Arab Emirates being heralded as one of the leading countries to create ideal work environments for employees, this study aims at determining the underlying factors that affect employee satisfaction in Dubai Police traffic department.
 Methodology: The study adopted descriptive research design. The research applied a purposive simple random sampling technique and probabilistic sampling technique. Data was collected on Dubai police traffic department employees. A quantitative and qualitative data analysis was conducted for the current research based on the collected data from the questionnaires circulated within the employees of police traffic department. Data were then analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS-15) for statistical analysis. The results were presented in form of tables.
 Findings: While the socio-demographic factors could be considered factors explaining job satisfaction, age and marital status are the only factors that strongly explain the relationship due to their significant result. Additionally, for the nine environmental factors, using factor analysis to determine variables that strongly explain the dependent variables, the variable under “my work directly contributes towards organization’s goals” efficiently explains the status of job satisfaction. Furthermore, execution of mandates informed by the ability of the company to address public complaints and safe work environment influences job satisfaction levels.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Although salary and work directly contribute towards an organization’s goals, companies can ensure that job levels are acquired in the right way. This way, the organization can efficiently address public complaints and promote a safe and healthy working environment. , these findings will inform further studies on behavioral management and workplace productivity in organizations.

Mapping social protection coverage for platform workers: A comparative analysis of Belgium, Italy and the Netherlands

The aim of this paper is to examine if and how the reclassification of platform workers from self-employment status to employment status can provide them with adequate social security protection. Little is known about how this transition would guarantee platform workers adequate social protection within the social protection scheme for employees. National social security schemes, in particular income replacement benefit schemes, often (still) depart from the standard employment relationship, leading to lower protection for atypical work forms. Platform workers combine several of the characteristics of atypical forms of work, such as low earnings, irregular working patterns and working. Integrating platform workers into employee social security schemes faces additional challenges due to the online nature of their work, algorithmic management, high levels of unpaid labor, and employer identification difficulties. This paper focuses on unemployment protection, as EU Member States struggle to provide adequate protection for workers with irregular work patterns and income fluctuations, in the case of (short term) income replacement benefits. By constructing nine ideal work patterns reflective of diverse nature of platform work and current practices among platform work, we analyse how different types of ‘employed’ platform workers may fare within the legislation of three EU countries (Belgium, Italy, and the Netherlands). This approach allows us to assess the applicability of unemployment protection to different working patterns among 'employed' platform workers, considering formal, effective, and adequate access to unemployment schemes as outlined in the Council Recommendation on access to social protection for workers and the self-employed (2019).

Bridging Differences: The Role of Socialization and Inclusivity in Fostering Employee Performance in Healthcare Sector

The main goal of this study is to obtain a more profound understanding of employee performance among healthcare staff, while also focusing on promoting organizational socialization and inclusion in the workplace. Moreover, the study aims to determine the level of ease with which individuals from diverse backgrounds may integrate into the ideal work environment by examining their organizational commitment. The study employed probability sampling with a random sampling approach as the population is known, and the sample size is 329. Regardless of the fact that inclusive workplaces have three separate characteristics, this research focuses solely on the sector that actively promotes them. This research shows that with the arrival of Industry 5.0, the age of people relationships, hospital workers may concentrate on acquiring new knowledge and retaining their existing experience when they are more committed and socialized to be ready for the competitive phase of progress. In addition, the study found that when hospitals fail to prioritize inclusiveness, it leads to the creation of a hostile work environment for healthcare workers. According to the results, a hospital must have a diverse workforce to boost employee performance. Doctors and Nurses adapt to new opportunities and juggle many tasks at once. Effective socialization and the development of organizational commitment sustain and increase employees' performance. Given the lack of direct evidence linking organizational socialization negatively to perceived organizational inclusion in hospitals in Pakistan, Organizations should strive to design socialization processes that promote equity, diversity, and inclusivity to ensure all employees feel valued and included.

The Importance of Job Satisfaction in Dubai Police and Influencing Factors

Purpose: Government employees, like persons in the private sector, spend a lot of their time in public service. Consequently, employee satisfaction is essential for safeguarding long-term effectiveness and efficiency in both private and public sector organizations. Creating satisfactory working environments improves employees’ work-life balance, thus higher satisfaction levels. Every year, job satisfaction levels are measured throughout all the UAE public sector institutes. This is done through a survey sent by the Dubai Government Excellence Program (DGEP) to the employees every year. With the United Arab Emirates being heralded as one of the leading countries to create ideal work environments for employees, this study aims at determining the underlying factors that affect employee satisfaction in Dubai Police traffic department.
 Methodology: The study adopted descriptive research design. The research applied a purposive simple random sampling technique and probabilistic sampling technique. Data was collected on Dubai police traffic department employees. A quantitative and qualitative data analysis was conducted for the current research based on the collected data from the questionnaires circulated within the employees of police traffic department. Data were then analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS-15) for statistical analysis. The results were presented in form of tables.
 Findings: While the socio-demographic factors could be considered factors explaining job satisfaction, age and marital status are the only factors that strongly explain the relationship due to their significant result. Additionally, for the nine environmental factors, using factor analysis to determine variables that strongly explain the dependent variables, the variable under “my work directly contributes towards organization’s goals” efficiently explains the status of job satisfaction. Furthermore, execution of mandates informed by the ability of the company to address public complaints and safe work environment influences job satisfaction levels.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Although salary and work directly contribute towards an organization’s goals, companies can ensure that job levels are acquired in the right way. This way, the organization can efficiently address public complaints and promote a safe and healthy working environment. , these findings will inform further studies on behavioral management and workplace productivity in organizations

HUBUNGAN ANTARA GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN DENGAN WORK ENGAGEMENT PADA PERSONIL KOREM 092/MAHARAJALILA BULUNGAN

The Indonesian National Army (TNI) is a servant of the state that upholds the sovereignty and defense of the territory of the State of Indonesia. The Military Resort Command (KOREM) is a territorial unit under the supervision of the Military Regional Command (KODAM). Ideal work engagement provides strong attention energy so that employees provide the best expertise they have in their work. Leadership style is the process of influencing people intentionally. The relationship between leadership styles illustrates the effectiveness in increasing the work engagement of members. Researchers used quantitative methods with a correlational approach with the subject of 64 members of the Army located in KOREM 092 / Maharajalila Bulungan. The data collection technique that researchers use is a questionnaire. The results of hypothesis testing showed a positive relationship between work engagement variables and leadership style variables with a significant value of p=0.000 (<0.005) with a correlation of R = 0.812. It can be concluded that there is a positive relationship between leadership style and work engagement at KOREM 092/Maharajalila Bulungan. The higher the leadership style, the higher the work engagement of KOREM 092/Maharajalila Bulungan personnel.

Rangka Kerja Konsep Elemen Reka Bentuk Biofilik (BDE) untuk Tetapan Kerja Dalaman

The human tendency to connect with nature existed long ago. Nature and humans coexist since the beginning of time indicating that constant engagement with nature is highly needed. However, due to globalization and rapid development changes has severed this relationship between human and nature. The Industrial Revolution during the 1600s created a huge gap and disconnection between human and nature, which resulted in the depletion of mental and physical wellbeing as people spend long working hours indoors. The need to stay indoors to work has led to depression and mental health degradation resulting in low performance as employees disengage from their association with nature. The importance of biophilic design elements in reducing depression and mental health degradation prevailed through evidence of research abundance. However, there are still not many studies on the framework tailored to the trend of implementing nature into the indoor working environment. This paper aims to identify, compare and characterize qualitative data from various literature source on the biophilic design elements (BDE), focusing on the indoor working environment. This study will develop a conceptual framework to determine the criteria for the most prominent biophilia elements that can be implemented in indoor settings to efficiently guide professionals in the built environment in preparing the ideal work settings. The parameters frommyriad studies encompass a variety of elements that are identified and classified by prominent researchers to reduce the impact of the inability to become in constant contact with nature. To improve productivity and reduce the stress level of the employees working indoors, the application of BDE contributes to the mood, performance and well-being of the employees, thus sustaining organization in the long run.

Reaction wetting behaviour of improved Ti-based brazing fillers on carbon/carbon composites at 1423–1573 K

Ti-based brazing fillers for carbon/carbon composite (C/C) connections are very promising; however, there is a lack of research on this topic. The wetting behaviour and mechanism of Ti-Cu-Si fillers on C/C at 1423–1573 K were investigated in this study. When the temperature was less than 1473 K, the contact angle decreased with time because of TiC layer formation, which exhibited a large interfacial ideal adhesion work (Wad) of 9.815 J/m2. However, the contact angle increased abnormally over time when the temperature exceeded 1473 K. This nonwetting behaviour can be attributed to the formation of SiC and Ti3SiC2 phases, which naturally increased the interfacial energy and surface roughness and decreased Wad (Wad of TiCu/SiC was reduced to 3.669 J/m2), and this hinders the spread of the liquid on the C/C substrate. These results suggest that increasing the temperature does not necessarily imply an improvement in wettability, thereby providing a new idea for developing high-temperature solders for C/C welding.

Optimization of HIL-HTL-free naphthalimide: Isoquinoline TEOLEDs with BZO top electrode

The present work focuses mainly on HIL/HTL-free TEOLEDs with furan-appended naphthalimide: isoquinoline (furan IQ) and morpholine-appended naphthalimide: isoquinoline (morpholine IQ), which were synthesized from the reaction between naphthalic anhydride and a substituent such as 2-furoic hydrazide or 4-aminomorpholine. Both of the emitters displayed aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE) behavior. This new structure was constructed between modified indium tin oxide (ITO) with caesium fluoride (CsF) (5.18 eV) and boron-doped zinc oxide (BZO) (3.20 eV) with ideal work functions.The current densities were 400 mA.cm−2 and 387 mA.cm−2 and luminances were in the range of 9500 cd.m−2 9000 cd.m−2 for the furan IQ and morpholine IQ emitters, respectively. We have introduced a new CsF-ITO/EML/LiF/BZO design with external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of 9.50 % and 7.57%. We have achieved a standard deep violet/blue CIE coordinates of (0.15, 0.06) and (0.16, 0.05) for furan IQ and morpholine IQ emitters with a high color stability.

Insights into the effect of γ′- or γ′′-precipitated phase types on resistance against harmful atoms of heterogeneous interface in nickel-based superalloys

To improve the service performances of nickel-based superalloys by controlling the type and proportion of precipitate phases, the resistances against harmful atoms (weakening effect caused by harmful atoms and capacity for hindering intrusion of harmful atoms) of the representative γ-matrix/γ′- or γ′′-precipitated phase heterogeneous interfaces (γ-Ni/γ′-Ni3Al, γ-Ni/γ′-Ni3Ti, and γ-Ni/γ′′-Ni3Nb interfaces) was investigated. The results show that, the harmful atoms (H, O, and S atoms) can be stable adsorbed on heterogeneous interfaces and weaken the interfacial bonding strength, resulting in the fracture position change from γ′- or γ′′ slab to interface during tensile deformation. Because of the minimum changes on interfacial bonding characteristics after the intrusion of harmful atoms, γ-Ni/γ′′-Ni3Nb heterogeneous interface (HIγ″−Ni3Nb) demonstrates the strongest resistance against weakening effect, presented as the smallest deterioration of interfacial ideal work of adhesion and tensile strength. Meanwhile, the energy barrier of harmful atoms diffusing along HIγ″−Ni3Nb is much larger than those along HIγ″−Ni3Al and HIγ″−Ni3Ti, leading to a smallest diffusion coefficient for harmful atoms diffusing along HIγ″−Ni3Nb. The result indicates HIγ″−Ni3Nb also shows the strongest capacity for hindering the intrusion of harmful atoms. This phenomenon is attributed to the strongest interaction between harmful atoms on saddle point and the neighboring atoms on HIγ″−Ni3Nb during the diffusion process. To summary, the Ni-based superalloys with γ′′-Ni3Nb as the main precipitated phase demonstrate the most promising properties in resistance against harmful atoms. This work not only contributes to the further improvement of Ni-based superalloys, but also provides the creative ideas for the research of other superalloys.

Fictionalism and Aesthetic Experience in The Beast and the Sovereign

ABSTRACT This article analyzes the figure of the end of the world in the final lecture of Derrida’s The Beast and the Sovereign seminar series (the last seminar series he gives). The author argues that Derrida uses the final line of a Paul Celan poem (“The world is gone. I must carry you.”) as a valedictory refrain in order to show the political and existential stakes of his ontological investigations. The article situates these stakes within Derrida’s fictionalism, his belief that (1) ideal entities are irreal but also (2) the way in which the meanings of ideal entities work is like the way that the meaning of fictional discourse works. Using Derrida’s own example of Celan, as well as examples from Benjamin Britten and Skeeter Davis, the author argues for the importance of aesthetic experience in tying together these political, existential, and ontological themes.

Badung’s Environment and Cleanliness Agency Law Enforcement Competency Certification Procedure: A Comparative Study with The Department of Environment in Australia

This research aims to develop quality human resources in the Environment and Cleanliness Agency of Badung Regency. The research also compares the Badung Environment and Cleanliness Agency workforce with the Environment Agency officers in Australia. As a law country, Indonesia requires support from various stakeholders, especially law enforcement officials. The definition of law enforcement officers in a narrow sense is the police, prosecutors, and judges, while in a broad sense it is defined by all officers in law enforcement institutions who have the authority to inspect, supervise or enforce laws. The holistic quality of law enforcement officers will build an ideal work ecosystem. In the current condition, many of them are involved in criminal actions such as corruption thus, they do not receive trust from the public. In addition, they are also considered less swift in supervising the community’s actions. That is because of the economic welfare, lack of education, and lack of workers at work. The legal research method used is normative, using a comparative approach and a statutory approach. Nowadays, Badung Regency conditions currently have many lodgings in Bali, Hence the challenge for the Badung Regency Environment and Cleanliness Agency to supervise the construction of the lodging place. The research findings show a challenge in the unequal quantity between officers in the field of supervision who have obtained certificates of competence at the Badung Regency Environment and Cleanliness Agency and the construction of thousands of hotels there. The total shortage of workers at the Badung Regency Environment and Cleanliness Agency is 12 (twelve) workers. While In Australia has sufficient labor and equal pay, especially in the environment department.

Influence of leader to strategy formation process in enterprise

The dynamic change in the external environment of Ukrainian enterprises in recent years is characterized by the deterioration of the conditions for the functioning of organizations. Quarantine measures caused by the COVID-19 epidemic have changed the usual conditions of business activity. The military aggression of the russian federation against Ukraine destroys the best strategies and development projects of enterprises. Unpredictable conditions of business functioning in modern conditions require managers to adapt the existing strategy of enterprise development or create a new actual strategy of enterprise functioning in conditions of economic crisis. The personal characteristics of the leader, which directly affect the process of developing the company's development strategy, were chosen as the object of the study. Positive and negative characteristics aimed at understanding the leader's actions, the leader's making of impulsive or measured decisions and their consequences were studied. The work reveals the influence of the leader on the process of forming the company's strategy. In the course of the study, the interpretation of the concepts of «strategic thinking» and «strategic planning», «leadership» and «management» by scientists is given. Common and different between them are established. A number of features that can be used to determine a manager's effectiveness are identified, namely: the manager's personal characteristics, the main organizational factors of managerial effectiveness, and a number of limitations that prevent the full realization of all the manager's personal capabilities. The key elements of the manager's high efficiency pyramid are analyzed. Two principles of maintaining the state of ideal work productivity of the leader are given. Four types of personal shortcomings of the leader and their impact on the process of strategy formation are presented. Mitigating actions to overcome personal shortcomings of leaders are identified. The obtained results can be used in the process of forming an enterprise development strategy based on the leader's personal characteristics and the leader's behavior model.

The Integration of Psychology & Christianity: A Domain-Based Approach

The Integration of Psychology & Christianity: A Domain-Based Approach

Does perceived organizational support matter? The effect of high-commitment performance management on supervisors' performance.

The current research aims to investigate the connection between supervisors' perceived high-commitment performance management (HCPM) and their performances (in-role, extra-role, and deviant work behavior). In addition, this paper aims to examine how perceived organizational support (POS) mediates the above relationship. The paper employs the social exchange theory as the theoretical lens to develop and suggest a positive motivational work environmental model. Our model is tested on a sample of 430 supervisors from ready-made garment (RMG) organizations, Bangladesh. Using the PLS-SEM, our model examines the direct and indirect effects of HCPM and POS on job performances. We find supports for the existence of a positive relationship from HCPM to job performance through POS mediating such a relationship. Future studies may investigate the prospective of HCPM and POS to create ideal work environments that boost employee productivity and benefit enterprises.

The green office environment: New Zealand workers' perception of IEQ

PurposeAchieving an appropriate indoor environment quality (IEQ) is crucial to a green office environment. Whilst much research has been carried out across the globe on the ideal IEQ for green offices, little is known about which indoor environment New Zealand office workers prefer and regard as most appropriate. This study investigated New Zealand office workers' preference for a green environment.Design/methodology/approachWorkers were conveniently selected for a questionnaire survey study from two major cities in the country – Wellington and Auckland. The perception of 149 workers was analysed and discussed based on the workers' demographics. The responses to each question were analysed based on the mean, standard deviation, frequency of responses and difference in opinion.FindingsThe results showed that workers' preferences for an ideal IEQ in green work environments depend largely on demographics. New Zealand office workers prefer work environments to have more fresh air and rely on mixed-mode ventilation and lighting systems. Also New Zealand office workers like to have better acoustic quality with less distraction and background noise. Regarding temperature, workers prefer workspaces to be neither cooler nor warmer. Unique to New Zealand workers, the workers prefer to have some (not complete) individual control over the IEQ in offices.Research limitations/implicationsThis study was conducted in the summer season, which could have impacted the responses received. Also the sample size was limited to two major cities in the country. Further studies should be conducted in other regions and during different seasons.Practical implicationsThis study provides the opportunity for more studies in this area of research and highlights significant findings worthy of critical investigations. The results of this study benefit various stakeholders, such as facilities managers and workplace designers, and support proactive response approaches to achieving building occupants' preferences for an ideal work environment.Originality/valueThis study is the first research in New Zealand to explore worker preferences of IEQ that is not limited to a particular building, expanding the body of knowledge on workers' perception of the ideal work environment in the country.