Ideal Product Research Articles

On CP-frames

Let $mathcal{R}_c( L)$ be the pointfree version of $C_c(X)$, the subring of $C(X)$ whose elements have countable image. We shall call a frame $L $ a $CP$-frame if thering $mathcal{R}_c( L)$ is regular. % The main aim of this paper is to introduce $CP$-frames, that is $mathcal{R}_c( L)$ is a regular ring. We give some We give some characterizations of $CP$-frames and we show that $L$ is a $CP$-frame if and only if each prime ideal of $mathcal{R}_c ( L)$ is an intersection of maximal ideals if and only if every ideal of $mathcal{R}_c ( L)$ is a $z_c$-ideal. In particular, we prove that any $P$-frame is a $CP$-frame but not conversely, in general. In addition, we study some results about $CP$-frames like the relation between a $CP$-frame $L$ and ideals of closed quotients of $L$. Next, we characterize $CP$-frames as precisely those $L$ for which every prime ideal in the ring $mathcal{R}_c ( L)$ is a $z_c$-ideal. Finally, we show that this characterization still holds if prime ideals are replaced by essential ideals, radical ideals, convex ideals, or absolutely convex ideals.

Identifying the drivers of liking for texture attributes of Vietnamese sausage

Vietnamese sausage (cha lua), a pork processing food with a characteristic chewy and crunchy texture, are widely consumed in Vietnam. However, there are not many established researchs on hedonic and sensory attributes for this product, especially about the texture attributes. The goal of this study was to investigate consumer's preference as well as identify the drivers of liking for texture of Vietnamese sausage. Eight samples were prepared with various ratio of lean meat, lard and starch to cover a wide range of different texture of Vietnamese sausage. Sixty eight consumers then evaluated these eight samples, rating texture liking on nine-point scale and answering a checkall- that-apply (CATA) question, which consisted of 16 different texture attributes of Vietnamese sausage. The consumers were also asked to check all the approriate attributes to describe their ideal products. The ANOVA and post –hoc test showed samples which had recipes with high lard ratio (20-25%) and low meat ratio (70%) had a significant higher liking scores, while the samples which had recipe with high meat ratio (90%) had the lowest liking scores. The Cochran's Q test showed that 12 attributes had different choice frequency between samples, suggesting the texture of Vietnamese sausage is complex and diverse. The CA results showed all the samples without stach were associated with large air holes, while samples which high meat ratio (80%) were associated with hardness. The ideal Vietnamese sausage product was associated with fattiness, juiciness, springiness and brittleness. Finally, the results of penalty analysis showed that chewy, firm, and elastic attributes had positive impacts on the liking score for Vietnamese sausage products, while attributes that exhibit heterogeneity, such as large air hole and grainy, significantly reduced the liking score of the product. This suggested the importance of mechanical texture attributes and homogenity on the consumer's preference of the Vietnamese sausage.

Commutative rings with invertible-radical factorization

In this paper, we study the classes of rings in which every proper (regular) ideal can be factored as an invertible ideal times a nonempty product of proper radical ideals. More precisely, we investigate the stability of these properties under homomorphic image and their transfer to various contexts of constructions such as direct product, trivial ring extension and amalgamated duplication of a ring along an ideal. Our results generate examples that enrich the current literature with new and original families of rings satisfying these properties.

Karakterisasi Sensori Cheese Tea dengan Metode Check All That Apply (CATA), Emotional Sensory Mapping (ESM), dan Ideal Profile Method (IPM)

Cheese tea is a drink made from a combination of tea and cheese foam. This product is very popular today, and some businesses are interested in developing this product. The objective of this research is to identify the sensory profile of cheese tea through new methods in sensory evaluation: IPM, CATA and ESM. The CATA method is used to define the sensory profile and emotional characteristics of the cheese tea product and the IPM method is used to optimize the product by collecting the ideal customer information. The number of panelists used for each test was 30. The selection was based on the frequency of cheese tea consumption 1 to 2 times per week. Attributes will be gained via the focus group discussion (FGD). CATA data analysis was processed using XLSTAT software with CATA Analysis tools while IPM data was processed with SensTools.Net applications with tools for IPA analysis. The cheese tea products most favored by customers based on the outcome of the CATA are products with a sweet scent, a milky aroma, cheesy aroma, a milky taste and a sweet taste, as well as the dominant emotional 'calm'. Product cheese tea C is the nearest product to its ideal product characteristics. In order to further improve the product “cheese tea C”, it is necessary to boost the strength of the characteristics of the creamy mouthfeel, the viscosity of the mouthfeel and the aroma of the cheese while at the same time reducing the intensity of the toasted aroma, the milky aroma, the umami, the salty taste, the milky taste and the sweet taste.

The efficiencies and capacities of carbon conversion in fruit and vegetable waste two-phase anaerobic digestion: Ethanol-path vs. butyrate-path

To rapidly treat and stably utilize great quantities of fruit and vegetable waste (FVW), the strategies in anaerobic digestion pattern have been constantly improved. In this work, the efficiencies and capacities of carbon conversion in different FVW anaerobic digestion systems were studied. Compared to butyrate-path (BD) two-phase and single-phase anaerobic digestion (SD), the ethanol-path two-phase anaerobic digestion (ED) system showed the highest rate of converting insoluble into soluble carbon formation (82.2%) and methane yield conversed from soluble carbon which is 0.14 gCODCH4 (gVSS d)−1. It was also found that the coexistence of Bacillus and Methanococcus in the methanogenic phase maintained fatty acids and methane generation. The advantage of carbon conversion efficiency in ED can be elucidated from the highest acetification rate (704.10 mgCOD (L h)−1) which means more converted acetate can be smoothly used for methane generation. Compared to methanogenesis converted from butyrate and propionate, the thermodynamic condition of methanogenesis converted from ethanol was more feasible. Also, the highest capacity of max methane production (197773.7 mL) of ED was simulated. ED might be an efficient and advantageous option for FVW methane digestion. Furthermore, comparison of acidogenic product and methane in conversion efficiency revealed that fatty acids should think as ideal anaerobic product rather than methane.

Evaluating farmer's satisfaction of different agrotextile bunch covers using desirability function

This paper deals with an evaluation of farmer's satisfaction of agrotextile as a date bunch cover using global quality index. Referring to literature studies, desirability function remains an appropriate method that allows a level of flexibility over graphical tool in defining and evaluating quality. The application of desirability function is discussed and investigated. Using a statistical survey based on Tunisian farmers, it was concluded that ideal bagging product depends on date bunch requirements, weight and goal of each individual agrotextile cover's property. Based on a comparative analysis, the desirability function remains sufficient to objectively classify different bags for protection of date palm. Useful index values have been found and can be used by farmers or industries to accurately predict the quality of date bunch cover and to select the best supplier to launch the needed order. In this work, the fabrics that have been considered are woven, knitted and nonwoven fabrics. Nonwoven products are used for the first time in the palm field and have been evaluated in this paper. The results show that nonwoven products were closer to the desired performance compared to knitted and woven fabrics.

Ideals in tensor products, topological dimension zero and the weak ideal property

For any property (P) of C*-algebras that passes to ideals and admits largest ideals we characterize when the largest ideal in a tensor product of two C*-algebras which has (P) is the tensor product of the largest ideals in the tensor factors which have (P), whenever one of the tensor factors is exact. We prove that we have this equality, for separable C*-algebras, when (P) is topological dimension zero. We give new characterizations of topological dimension zero, the weak ideal property, pure infiniteness and strong pure infiniteness (in fact, we prove a more general result.) Let I be an ideal of A⊗B, where A and B are non-zero C*-algebras and A or B is exact. We associate to I two canonical ideals, IA (see also [1]) and I(A) of A, and two canonical ideals, IB and I(B) of B. We study the interplay between I and these four ideals, and we characterize (under some mild assumptions) several interesting and natural conditions on I in terms of IA, I(A), IB and I(B).

Evaluation and application of conductivity of strike slip faults in China Shunbei reservoir, Tarim Basin

Shunbei reservoir in Tarim Basin is a typical ultra-deep carbonate reservoir with fault-fracture systems. The present in situ stress field has an essential influence on the permeability of fault-fracture systems. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the in situ stress field and permeability of the fault-fracture systems for drilling success rate and acid fracturing effect after drilling. Based on the data of regional seismic reflection and coherence, 3D geological models of reservoirs in Shunbei 1 and 5 fault zones are established. Through the logging data of typical wells, the size and direction of in situ stress are determined. Based on the finite element method and damage mechanics theory, the slip tendency coefficients of different parts of the fault-fracture systems are simulated and calculated. The numerical simulation results are consistent with the drilling history of typical wells. The critical slip tendency coefficient is 0.1 in Shunbei 1 fault zone and 0.3 in Shunbei 5 fault zone. Drilling the fault planes in the critical stress state can improve the drilling effectively and obtain the ideal well production. This study provides a new idea for the efficient development of the Shunbei ultra-deep fault-controlled reservoir.

The structure of the group of rational points of an abelian variety over a finite field

Let $A$ be a simple abelian variety of dimension $g$ defined over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$ with Frobenius endomorphism $\pi$. This paper describes the structure of the group of rational points $A(\mathbb{F}_{q^n})$, for all $n \geq 1$, as a module over the ring $R$ of endomorphisms which are defined over $\mathbb{F}_q$, under certain technical conditions. If $[\mathbb{Q}(\pi) : \mathbb{Q}]=2g$ and $R$ is a Gorenstein ring, then ${A(\mathbb{F}_{q^n}) \cong R/R(\pi^n-1)}$. This includes the case when $A$ is ordinary and has maximal real multiplication. Otherwise, if $Z$ is the center of $R$ and $(\pi^n - 1)Z$ is the product of invertible prime ideals in $Z$, then $A(\mathbb{F}_{q^n})^d \cong R/R(\pi^n - 1)$ where $d = 2g/[\mathbb{Q}(\pi):\mathbb{Q}]$. Finally, we deduce the structure of $A(\overline{\mathbb{F}}_q)$ as a module over $R$ under similar conditions. These results generalize results of Lenstra for elliptic curves.

Facile Extraction of Cellulose Nanofibrils (Cnfs) from Wood Using Acidic Ionic Liquid-catalyzed Organosolv Pretreatment Followed by Ultrasonic Processing

ABSTRACT Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were successfully extracted from wood flour via atwo-step process involving acidic ionic liquid-catalyzed organosolv pretreatment and ultrasonic disintegration. Acomprehensive study was performed on the yield, morphology, crystallinity, chemical structure, and thermal stability of CNFs, as well as the mechanical properties and transparency of nanofilms. The results showed that 87.06% of the total lignin and 93.78% of hemicellulose were fractionated from lignocellulose after solvothermal pretreatment using 1, 4-butylene glycol. The isolated CNF maintained the type Icrystal lattice of native cellulose. Overall, the CNFs obtained after ultrasonication displayed asimilar morphology and crystallinity, but they had ahigher yield (41.82%), better thermal stability, and film-forming properties than those produced by concentrated acid hydrolysis. Solvothermal treatment using 1,4-butylene glycol alcohol/water followed by ultrasonication is an ideal alternative CNF production method with alow environmental impact.

Structure for regular inclusions. II: Cartan envelopes, pseudo-expectations and twists

We introduce the notion of a Cartan envelope for a regular inclusion (C,D). When a Cartan envelope exists, it is the unique, minimal Cartan pair into which (C,D) regularly embeds. We prove a Cartan envelope exists if and only if (C,D) has the unique faithful pseudo-expectation property and also give a characterization of the Cartan envelope using the ideal intersection property.For any covering inclusion, we construct a Hausdorff twisted groupoid using appropriate linear functionals and we give a description of the Cartan envelope for (C,D) in terms of a twist whose unit space is a set of states on C constructed using the unique pseudo-expectation. For a regular MASA inclusion, this twist differs from the Weyl twist; in this setting, we show that the Weyl twist is Hausdorff precisely when there exists a conditional expectation of C onto D.We show that a regular inclusion with the unique pseudo-expectation property is a covering inclusion and give other consequences of the unique pseudo-expectation property.

Products and intersections of prime-power ideals in Leavitt path algebras

We continue a very fruitful line of inquiry into the multiplicative ideal theory of an arbitrary Leavitt path algebra [Formula: see text]. Specifically, we show that factorizations of an ideal in [Formula: see text] into irredundant products or intersections of finitely many prime-power ideals are unique, provided that the ideals involved are powers of distinct prime ideals. We also characterize the completely irreducible ideals in [Formula: see text], which turn out to be prime-power ideals of a special type, as well as ideals that can be factored into products or intersections of finitely many completely irreducible ideals.

The Future of Plunger Lift Control Using Artificial Intelligence

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 201132, “The Future of Plunger Lift Control Using Artificial Intelligence,” by Ferdinand Hingerl and Brian Arnst, SPE, Ambyint, and David Cosby, SPE, Shale Tec, et al., prepared for the 2020 SPE Virtual Artificial Lift Conference and Exhibition - Americas, 10-12 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Dozens of plunger lift control algorithms have been developed to account for different well conditions and optimization protocols. However, challenges exist that prevent optimization at scale. To address these challenges, a plunger lift optimization software was developed. One aspect of this software is enabling set-point optimization at scale. This paper will present the methodology to do so, detailing three separate areas working in unison to offer significant value to plunger lift well operators. Introduction Even in vertical wells, plunger lift presents significant challenges to optimization. Despite their mechanical simplicity, plunger lifted wells produce large amounts of data, and the combinations of possible set points to optimize the well are many. Additionally, plunger lift wells can present a variety of different types of anomalies and problems that require a robust understanding of the underlying physics and mathematics. Such problems then are amplified when applied to horizontal well applications. The underlying physics and mathematics applied throughout the years for vertical wells do not produce accurate results for horizontal wells. Additionally, the anomalies produced in horizontal wells are more complex. Finally, typical production engineers and well optimizers now regularly look after more than 150—and often more than 500—wells, creating additional resource constraints to optimizing a field of plunger lift wells. The presented plunger lift optimization software was implemented by creating a secure connection between the operator’s supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) network and the cloud. As new data are generated by the SCADA network, they are automatically transmitted to the cloud and processed. Plunger Lift Control Algorithm Overview These algorithms are the software code that determines when the well opens and when the well closes. Even though the algorithms only control well open/close, the plunger moves through four stages of plunger operation to complete one cycle: plunger fall time, casing pressure build time, plunger rise, and after flow (or production). Optimizing each individual stage is critical to ideal well production. Plunger fall time is the time required for the plunger to descend from the lubricator to the bottomhole assembly (BHA). Currently, operators use the manufacturer’s anticipated fall time, trial and error, previous knowledge, acoustical plunger tracking, and plunger fall applications to set the appropriate fall time in the controller. A “fudge factor” is often applied to help ensure that the fall timer does not expire before the plunger reaches the BHA. Plunger fall time is affected by many changing variables: plunger condition, tubing condition, liquid height, and gas and liquid density. These variables make it difficult for a fall timer set once to represent accurately the correct time required for the plunger to reach the BHA on every cycle.

On cohomologically complete intersection modules

In this paper, several necessary and sufficient conditions are presented for a module $M$ to be cohomologically complete intersection module with respect to $I$, i.e. $H_I^i(M)=0$ for all $i \not= c = \mathrm{grade}(I, M)$. This notion is a generalization of cohomologically complete intersection ideals.

Performance Characteristics of A Micro Wind Turbine Integrated on A Noise Barrier

Micro wind turbines can be structurally integrated on top of the solid base of noise barriers near highways. A number of performance factors were assessed with holistic experiments in wind tunnel and in the field. The wind turbines underperformed when exposed in yawed flow conditions. The theoretical cosθ theories for yaw misalignment did not always predict power correctly. Inverter losses turned out to be crucial especially in standby mode. Combination of standby losses with yawed flow losses and low wind speed regime may even result in a net power consuming turbine. The micro wind turbine control system for maintaining optimal power production underperformed in the field when comparing tip speed ratios and performance coefficients with the values recorded in the wind tunnel. The turbine was idling between 20%–30% of time as it was assessed for sites with annual average wind speeds of three to five meters per second without any power production. Finally, the field test analysis showed that inadequate yaw response could potentially lead to 18% of the losses, the inverter related losses to 8%, and control related losses to 33%. The totalized loss led to a 48% efficiency drop when compared with the ideal power production measured before the inverter. Micro wind turbine’s performance has room for optimization for application in turbulent wind conditions on top of noise barriers.

Optimization and assessment of brake pad production parameters and organic Juniperus drupacea cone powder additive ratio using the Taguchi method

In this study, an organic brake pad content was created to increase the overall tribological performance of the automobile brake system. Brake lining samples were obtained by hot molding method using juniperus drupacea cones powder which is not found in the literature in addition to barite, phenolic resin, fiber types (glass, carbon and basalt) and coke in the lining content. In order to determine the most ideal production conditions and content ratios, parameter combinations based on the L18(21 × 35) Taguchi orthogonal index were used according to the density, hardness, wear rate, friction coefficient objective functions. The density and hardness of the samples produced based on the orthogonal design were measured. A wear test was performed on a pin-on-disc type tribometer and the wear rate and friction coefficients were calculated according to the obtained values. Signal to noise ( S/N) ratio and ANOVA analysis were performed to determine the brake pad composition with the most ideal tribological properties. According to the results, the mixing time is 15 min., the molding temperature is 160 °C, the molding pressure is 100 MPa and the molding time is 15 min., have been found to be the optimum production conditions. In addition, it was observed that the density and hardness decreased as the amount of juniperus drupacea cone powder was increased. For this reason, it has been observed that the juniperus drupacea cone powder used for the first time in the brake lining composition can be used in lining content up to 25%, preferably up to 10% by weight.

The product of Gamma Subacts of Multiplication Gamma Act

In this paper, we introduce the notion of prime gamma subact and study some of its properties. Also, we define the concept of product gamma subacts of gamma act, particularly product gamma subacts of multiplication gamma act then we obtain some related results. Using our concept to introduce new mathematical system which is called the semigroup associative with multiplication gamma act and its basic properties are discussed. Also, by definition of product gamma subacts, we introduce the concept of gamma nilpotent. Finally, the concepts of (meet principal and weak meet principle ) gamma subact are introduced to study the product of multiplication gamma ideals of gamma semigroups. Relation among the multiplication, meet principal and weak meet principle gamma subacts are investigated.

Study of the chemical composition of quinoa of Russian selection grown in the South of Russia

According to WHO experts, almost all countries have a shortage of dietary protein, which is about 25 million tons. This fact causes a high risk to human health, expressed in changes in the quality of its physiological processes. Most of the world’s scientists conduct scientific research to find natural raw sources of biologically complete protein. It is promising to use pseudo-grain quinoa culture as such source, which was awarded the title of the ideal product of the XXI century because of its amino acid composition. We conducted research on quinoa of Russian selection grown in the southern part of Russia. It was found that the coefficient of difference of amino acid scores (CDAS) of quinoa protein, showing an excess number of essential amino acids that are not used for plastic needs, is 9.86 %. With the CDAS evaluated the biological value (BV) of quinoa proteins, which is equal to 90.14%. Experimental data confirmed the nutritional value of quinoa of Russian selection. It can be recommended as a functional source of not only balanced amino acid composition of protein, but also minerals, vitamins, in particular magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, water-soluble vitamins B1, B2, C and fat-soluble vitamin β-carotene.

Commutative rings with one-absorbing factorization

Let R be a commutative ring with nonzero identity. Yassine et al. defined the concept of 1-absorbing prime ideals as follows: a proper ideal I of R is said to be a 1-absorbing prime ideal if whenever for some nonunit elements then either or We use the concept of 1-absorbing prime ideals to study those commutative rings in which every proper ideal is a product of 1-absorbing prime ideals (we call them OAF-rings). Any OAF-ring has dimension at most one and local OAF-domains (D, M) are atomic such that M 2 is universal.

Iron Carbon Masteralloy as Sintering Activator for Low Alloy Powder Metallurgy Steels

In real industrial environment there is always a difference between ideal theoretical condition and real production condition which bears the risk of producing defective or low quality parts. Getting closer to this ideal situation requires more effort and investment which tends to increase the production cost. In the P/M production lines, the sintering stage is one of the most critical processes. Maintaining an open continuous sintering furnace in an ideal condition is a challenge, and this issue gets more pronounced when using alloy powder containing oxygen-sensitive elements such as Cr or Mn which provide good hardenability at low cost but on the other hand form stable oxides that weaken the sintering contacts if they are not reduced properly. In the present study, using a carbon master alloy as a sintering enhancer in the sintering process of Cr-Mo alloyed powder compacts has been investigated. For clearly depicting the effect of carbon master alloy addition on carbon dissolution and deoxidation, sintering was done in argon as inert atmosphere to avoid other reducing agents such as H2. The physical and mechanical properties of the sintered specimens were investigated, and thermal chemical analysis by DIL/MS and carbon/oxygen measurements were performed. The experiments showed that adding iron-carbon masteralloys promote the sintering processes such as reduction of oxides and carbon dissolution in the early stages of sintering, resulting in better properties after final sintering.