Ideal Product Research Articles

Analysis of semigroups with soft intersection ideals

Abstract In this paper, semisimple semigroups, duo semigroups, right (left) zero semigroups, right (left) simple semigroups, semilattice of left (right) simple semigroups, semilattice of left (right) groups and semilattice of groups are characterized in terms of soft intersection semigroups, soft intersection ideals of semigroups. Moreover, soft normal semigroups are defined and some characterizations of semigroups with soft normality are given.

STUDY OF ORGANOLEPTIC AND PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PRODUCTS FROM SMOKING ROLLING TOBACCO

Products from rolling smoking tobacco, they are also “hand-rolled”, are currently a trending phenomenon in the development of the tobacco products market, both in the Russian Federation and abroad. In view of the fact that maximum allowable values for the content of nicotine, tar and carbon monoxide in smoke are set for cigarettes, manufacturers produce tobacco blendings for cigarettes with a high content of components such as reconstituted tobacco and extended stem, on the one hand, regulating toxicity, and on the other hand, reducing flavoring properties. This leads to the fact that modern cigarettes, in terms of taste and aroma of tobacco smoke, poorly meet consumer taste preferences. By creating products from rolling smoking tobacco, combining different types of tobacco, using paper for self-rolling paper of different composition and breathability, as well as changing the mass of tobacco and the diameter of the product, the consumer can create an ideal product that meets all his taste preferences. In connection with the growing popularity of hand-rolled cigarettes, the relevance of research on their qualitative characteristics is growing. This article discusses such qualitative characteristics as the chemical composition and technological properties of samples: raw tobacco; tobacco blendings with and without a vein; rolling smoking tobacco of various brands. The main purpose of the research is to study the influence of the design of the product (diameter, weight, air permeability of paper) on the tasting assessment. For each type of smoking tobacco, products (hand-rolled) of various weights and diameters have been made, using four types of paper, differing in composition and air permeability. The dependence of the tasting evaluation of products from rolling smoking tobacco on the air permeability of the paper and the design features of the products (fiber width, weight and diameter of the products) has been established.

Efficient visible light activities of Ag modified ZnO/g-C3N4 composite for CO2 conversion

• Designing unique system based on Ag/ZnO/g-C 3 N 4 . • Charge separation and transfer mechanism discussion. • Photocatalytic CO 2 conversion to CO/CH4. Methane and CO have superior economic value and application panorama compared with other products, and these are the ideal products of CO 2 photo-reduction. However, low CO 2 conversion efficiency and poor selectivity are huge obstacles to its practical application. Herein, we develop a three-component photocatalyst hetero-junction of Ag-ZnO/g-C 3 N 4 for superior CO 2 reduction. It is demonstrated that the amount-optimized nanocomposite exhibited exceptional visible-light photoactivities for CO 2 conversion to CO, with ≈ 9-time (36 µmol g −1 h −1 ) enhancement compared to the widely accepted g-C 3 N 4 prepared from melamine as the raw material. Similarly, the silver-modified samples exhibit a considerable increase in methane production, with 14 µmol g −1 h −1 , which is significantly more than the CH 4 production of 2 µmol g −1 h −1 by pure g-C 3 N 4 . Based on the photo-physical data, it is concluded that the coupled ZnO, which accepts electrons and improves reactant adsorption, and the modified Ag, which further promotes the photocatalytic reaction, are much more responsible for the high photoactivities. Moreover, it is suggested based on the photocatalytic experiments with isotopic 13 CO 2 that the produced • CO 2 as active radicals dominated the conversion of CO 2 to CO/CH 4 . This work provides a feasible strategy to design high-performance, low-cost, and sustainable g-C 3 N 4 -based nanocomposite photo-catalysts with a wide range of visible light activity for CO 2 reduction.

Pengembangan Produk Keripik Kelapa Skala Industri Kecil

XYZ is a small industrial scale coconut chips producer who wants to develop their products and market. This study aimed to describe ideal characteristic of coconut chips, develop XYZ product and their marketing strategy. The research used survey method by distributing online questionnaires to respondents, and sensory tests (CATA, RATA, hedonic) by untrained panelists. As quantitative descriptive research, it was conducted in four stages: consumer surveys, mapping of sensory attributes of coconut chips by PCA, product improvement, and development of marketing strategies through STPD analysis and business model canvas (BMC). The results showed that the market opportunity for coconut chips was still available and prospective. Crispness, sweet taste, sweet aftertaste, and caramel aroma were ideal product characteristics of coconut chips after mapping of sensory attributes from three competitor products and XYZ product. XYZ product weakness was corrected for its sweet taste attribute by reformulation to increase sweetness, and the selected formula used a ratio of weight of sugar and coconut chips 2:8 (w:w). Efforts to increase consumer interest in product need to be carried out through marketing strategies targeting young people and the target market for the middle class, as well as a differentiating in the use of natural ingredients without preservatives and artificial coloring.

The Development of Qawā’idul I’lāl Teaching Materials by an Inductive Approach

The teaching and learning process of I'lāl (vocal deviation) in Islamic boarding schools generally uses the book of Qawā'idul I'lāl. However, the book of Qawā'idul I'lāl is still very simple and has several shortcomings as follows: (1) it only contains simple i'lāl rules, (2) there is no explanation of the rules, (3) there are only a few examples, and (4) there is no material for practice. Therefore, the researcher intends to develop Qawā'idul I'lāl teaching materials with an inductive approach accompanied by practice questions. On another note, this research aims to describe the product's feasibility and legibility. This study uses a research and development (RD) design with a stage model developed by Borg Gall. The study results indicate that, in the aspect of feasibility, this development product is declared feasible after it is tested by experts on the material and media’s morphology and visual communication design, with a result of 82.6%. Regarding readability, the product development is categorized as independent after conducting the gap test with 86.1% and the Fog Index formula with a value of 2.543. Therefore, the results of developing the Qawā'idul I'lāl book with an inductive approach have implications for the ideal product of teaching materials for I'lāl learning (vocal deviation), especially in the pesantren environment.

SENSORY PROFILE OF CHILLED CHEESECAKE MADE FROM DALI NI HORBO CHEESE IN CONSUMER PERCEPTION

This research is a contribution to the use of dali ni horbo in the making of cheesecake and all the variations, so that consumer-based sensory profile characterization can be carried out. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of the sensory profile and accelerate the cheesecake product development process. The method used in this study is an experiment that uses a consumer-based sensory profile characterization method. Later, it was known that the ideal dali cheesecake product according to panelists is cheesecake which has creamy color, dense texture, cheesy aroma and umami flavor. Dali cheesecake variant which was added with durian is a product that is considered close to the ideal product. Meanwhile, the sensory attributes of umami, dense and sweet are sensory attributes that were close to consumer preferences, but it was possible to do dali cheesecake development with other flavor variants.

The almost disjointness invariant for products of ideals

The almost disjointness numbers associated to the quotients determined by the transfinite products of the ideal of finite sets are investigated. A ZFC lower bound involving the minimum of the classical almost disjointness and splitting numbers is proved for these characteristics. En route, it is shown that the splitting numbers associated to these quotients are all equal to the classical splitting number. Finally, it is proved to be consistent that the almost disjointness numbers associated to these quotients are all equal to the second uncountable cardinal while the bounding number is the first uncountable cardinal. Several open problems are considered.

Sensory Characterization and Acceptability of a New Lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam.) Powder-Based Soluble Beverage Using Rapid Evaluation Techniques with Consumers.

Recently, the interest in tropical fruits has increased widely even beyond their production areas, but the perishable nature of these fruits makes their marketing difficult. However, due to its special sensory characteristics and nutritional value, lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam.) is a good candidate for product development to meet this ever-growing demand. Therefore, a lulo-powder-based soluble beverage was prepared according to previously established formulations. Thus, the aim of the present research was to obtain the sensory characterization, study consumers’ overall acceptability, and identify drivers of liking for the new beverage. Eight samples were prepared with lulo juice or pulp + stevia, or a sweetener blend (erythritol + xylitol + stevia). Maltodextrin or inulin, as a drying aid, was added to freeze-dry the samples. The freeze-dried samples were rehydrated for consumption. The sensory characterization of the new beverage was carried out by using CATA questions with consumers (n = 69). The most influential attributes that affected acceptability were identified by using ideal product characterization and hedonic scores of the samples. The beverage formulations with stevia alone had the lowest acceptability. Most sensory differences among samples were found between the visual attributes. The attributes “clean”, “homogeneous”, “fruity” and “citrus” odor, “just-right acidity”, “just-right sweetness”, and “fresh” were necessary to increase global acceptance in the juice-only beverages (Js), whereas “cloudy”, “off-odor”, and “very acidic” negatively impacted acceptance. For products with pulp (Ps), “citrus” and “tropical fruit” odors, “just-right acidity”, “just-right sweetness”, and “fresh” attributes were needed to increase acceptance, while “cloudy” and “chemical/artificial” flavors negatively impacted acceptance. The lulo-powder-based soluble beverage was accepted by consumers; however, there is still potential for the sensory-quality improvement of this product.

4-Dimensional 2-Crossed Modules

In this work, we defined a new category called 4-Dimensional 2-crossed modules. We identified the subobjects and ideals in this category. The notion of the subobject is a generalization of ideas like subsets from set theory, subspaces from topology, and subgroups from group theory. We then exemplified subobjects and ideals in the category of 4-Dimensional 2-crossed modules. A quotient object is the dual concept of a subobject. Concepts like quotient sets, spaces, groups, graphs, etc. are generalized with the notion of a quotient object. Using the ideal, we obtain the quotient of two subobjects and prove that the intersection of finite ideals is also an ideal in this category.

On the resurgence and asymptotic resurgence of homogeneous ideals

Let \({\mathbb {K}}\) be a field and \(R = {\mathbb {K}}[x_1, \ldots , x_n]\). We obtain an improved upper bound for asymptotic resurgence of squarefree monomial ideals in R. We study the effect on the resurgence when sum, product and intersection of ideals are taken. We obtain sharp upper and lower bounds for the resurgence and asymptotic resurgence of cover ideals of finite simple graphs in terms of associated combinatorial invariants. We also explicitly compute the resurgence and asymptotic resurgence of cover ideals of several classes of graphs. We characterize a graph being bipartite in terms of the resurgence and asymptotic resurgence of edge and cover ideals. We also compute explicitly the resurgence and asymptotic resurgence of edge ideals of some classes of graphs.

Saturation bounds for smooth varieties

We prove bounds on the saturation degrees of homogeneous ideals (and their powers) defining smooth complex projective varieties. For example, we show that a classical statement due to Macualay for zero-dimensional complete intersection ideals holds for any smooth variety. For curves, we bound the saturation degree of powers in terms of the regularity.

A comprehensive assessment of precipitation products: Temporal and spatial analyses over terrestrial biomes in Northeastern Brazil

Precise rainfall estimations at spatio-temporal resolution are vital for numerous applications, including agricultural monitoring, hydrometeorology, and water resources management. Northeast Brazil (NEB) is vulnerable to extreme interannual climate variability and precipitation is closely linked to the livelihoods of its citizens and the regional health of the economy. Satellite rain data is an alternative source of information for regions such as NEB. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of monthly rainfall estimations derived of latest versions from five precipitation products: (i) CHIRPS, (ii) ERA5-Land, (iii) TerraClimate, (iv) TRMM, and (v) IMERG in the NEB and comparing them to the observed precipitation for the period 2001–2019. The results showed that the satellite-based products were more regularly correlated with the observed precipitation than the model-based products. CHIRPS, IMERG and, TRMM showed an average Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) value above 0.93. All products tended to present lower relative error in the rainy months; TerraClimate gave the highest average value of root-mean-square error (RMSE) for NEB (41.61 mm/month). The best global performance was observed in the Amazon biome (r ∼ 0.90), and the poorest in the Atlantic Forest biome, which tended to underestimate the precipitation. In spite of the results in the Atlantic Forest, this study demonstrated that products of precipitation can be a useful complement to rainfall data for the NEB. The comprehensive assessment of precipitation products reported here will serve as a reference for managers and researchers to select the ideal product for its intended application and associated uncertainties.

Reorganization Reaction Characteristics between Different Volatile Content and Waste Pyrolysis

In order to obtain the ideal high-value product and recognize the contribution of various waste components to the final product, each typical single component of domestic waste was pyrolyzed separately, the volatile was reformed with half coke at 600°C, and the yield and components of the reforming gas and liquid were analyzed. The investigation was followed by the results: after reforming, the yield of the gas is the highest, reaching 66.40 wt.% of plastic air-dry weight, 119.74% higher than before reforming, the highest yield, 37.22 wt.% of kitchen waste air-dry weight, only 2.21% lower than before reforming. At the same time, after plastic pyrolysis volatile reforming, H2 production is the highest, 13.14 mol/kg of air-dry-based plastic, and the largest molar fraction in the reforming gas, 37.33 mol%. Compared with the results of single-component pyrolysis-reforming and multicomponent waste copyrolysis-reforming results, the multicomponent copyrolysis-reforming process promotes hydrolysis deoxidation, electrolyte-water vapor reforming and cracking reaction, chain hydrocarbon looping and aromatic dehydrogenation reaction, hydrogenation gasification reaction and methylation reaction, copyrolysis-reforming H2, CO2 production, and less oxygen content in the liquid.

Enhanced production of hydroxyl radicals in plasma-treated water via a negative DC bias coupling

Hydroxyl radical (OH•) plays an important role in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), which are employed to decompose organic pollutants in wastewater treatment. OH• is predominantly produced in AOPs for wastewater treatment via ultraviolet photolysis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or ozone, which is a costly and difficult process. This paper introduces an enhanced OH• production method based on microwave-driven atmospheric pressure plasma with negatively biased water. Fluorescence analysis using terephthalic acid and 2-hydroxyterephthalic acid showed that the OH• concentration in a DC coupled plasma-treated water (PTW) can be increased by 1–2 orders of magnitude compared to the case with microwave plasma only. In addition, we found that there exists an optimal concentration of H2O2 in PTW for the ideal production of OH•. As a test case of AOPs, an Fe(III)-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solution containing H2O2 was treated with a DC coupled plasma for 10 min, and more than 80% decomposition was recorded.

Experimental and numerical study of the laminar burning velocity of NH3/H2/air premixed flames at elevated pressure and temperature

Ammonia (NH3) is a carbon-free fuel that shows great research prospects due to its ideal production and storage systems. The experimental data of the laminar burning velocity of NH3/H2/air flame at different hydrogen ratios (XH2 = 0.1–0.5), equivalent ratios (φ = 0.8–1.3), initial pressures (P = 0.1–0.7 MPa), and initial temperatures (T = 298–493 K) were measured. The laminar burning velocity of the NH3/H2/air flame increased upon increasing the hydrogen ratios and temperature, but it decreased upon increasing the pressure. The equivalent ratio of the maximum laminar burning velocity was only affected by the proportion of reactants. The equivalence ratio value of the maximum laminar burning velocity was between 1.1 and 1.2 when XH2 = 0.3. The chemical reaction kinetics of NH3/H2/air flame under four different initial conditions was analyzed. The less NO maximum mole fraction was produced during rich combustion (φ > 1). The results provide a new reference for ammonia as an alternative fuel for internal combustion engines.

Transcriptome and metabolome integration in sugarcane through culm development

AbstractSugarcane (Saccharum sp.) is a tropical and subtropical C4 plant with a high photosynthetic and carbon assimilation efficiency that stores sucrose. Culm biomass is also composed of bagasse fibre, a by‐product of the sugarcane industry. This high‐yielding grass, high in sucrose and lignocellulosic biomass, is considered an optimal feedstock as an alternative to fossil fuels and to produce a broad range of high‐value biomaterials. The ideal sugarcane production system would optimise the relative production of sugar and these new products. Multi‐omics correlation analysis was used to generate a global view of the essential metabolic pathways identifying critical genes involved in carbon partitioning during different stages of development. This research employed an unprecedented metabolic and transcriptomic dataset of 360 samples from a selection of 1440 culms of 24 genotypes at five different development stages. Chemical composition and metabolome analysis showed an increase through the culm development of lignin, sucrose, carbon, and amino acids such as aspartic acid, serine, alanine, methionine, threonine 3‐cyano‐L‐alanine, and citric acid. Transcriptome analysis revealed functionalities such as transcription, nucleotide transport and metabolism, and the biosynthesis of amino acids that are highly activated during the immature stage and highly down‐regulated during the most mature age.

Water demand in watershed forecasting using a hybrid model based on autoregressive moving average and deep neural networks.

Increasing water demand is exacerbating water shortages in water-scarce regions (such as India, China, and Iran). Effective water demand forecasting is essential for the sustainable management of water supply systems in watersheds. To alleviate the contradiction between water supply and demand in the basin, with water demand for economic growth as the main target, a hybrid moving autoregressive and deep neural network model (ARMA-DNN) was developed in this study, and four commonly used statistical indicators (MAE, RMSE, MSE, and R2) were selected to evaluate the performance of the model. Finally, the validity and practicality of the model were verified by taking the Minjiang River basin in China as an example. The results show that (a) the model can predict future water demand more accurately under the conditions of actual water consumption changes, (b) the ideal agricultural production in the Minjiang River Basin is predicted to be reached 2.26 × 109t in 2021, and (c) the highest industrial economic efficiency in Chengdu is 1.51 × 109yuan, while water satisfaction reaches 102%. This means that effective water demand forecasting can alleviate water demand conflicts under climate change conditions to a certain extent. At the same time, watershed managers can develop different water allocation schemes based on the prediction results of the hybrid ARMA-DNN model.

On the intersection of left and right ideals in the ring of quaternion polynomials

Given a left ideal [Formula: see text] and a right ideal [Formula: see text] in the ring of univariate quaternion polynomials, we present an explicit formula parametrizing the intersection [Formula: see text]. The motivation comes from interpolation theory where any such intersection appears to be the solution set of a two-sided homogeneous Lagrange–Hermite interpolation problem.

Use of whole blood deployment programs for mass casualty incidents: South Texas experience in regional response and preparedness.

Firearm-related deaths have become the leading cause of death in adolescents and children. Since the Sutherland Springs, TX mass casualty incident (MCI), the Southwest Texas Regional Advisory Council for trauma instituted a prehospital whole blood (WB) program and blood deployment program for MCIs. The program was adopted statewide by the Texas Emergency Medical Task Force, of which Southwest Texas Regional Advisory Council is the lead for Emergency Medical Task Force 8. The recent active shooter MCI in Uvalde, TX was the first time the MCI blood deployment program had been used. To our knowledge, no other similar programs exist in this or any other country. On May 24, 2022, 19 children and 2 adults were killed at an MCI in Uvalde, TX. The MCI WB deployment protocol was initiated, and South Texas Blood and Tissue Center prepared 15 U of low-titer O-positive whole blood and 10 U of leukoreduced O packed cells. The deployed blood arrived at Uvalde Memorial Hospital within 67 minutes. One of the pediatric patients sustained multiple gunshots to the chest and extremities. The child was hypotensive and received 2 U of leukoreduced O packed cells, one at the initial hospital and another during transport. On arrival, the patient required 2 U of low-titer O-positive whole blood and underwent a successful hemorrhage control operation. The remaining blood was returned to South Texas Blood and Tissue Center for distribution. Multiple studies have shown the association of early blood product resuscitation and improved mortality, with WB being the ideal resuscitative product for many. The ongoing efforts in South Texas serve as a model for development of similar programs throughout the country to reduce preventable deaths. This event represents the first ever successful deployment of WB to the site of an MCI related to a school shooting in the modern era. Therapeutic/Care Management; Level V.

Thermomechanical and Alkaline Peroxide Mechanical Pulping of Lignocellulose Residue Obtained from the 2-Furaldehyde Production Process.

The necessity for the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, the growing demand for the improvement of biorefinery technologies, and the development of new biorefining concepts oblige us as a society, and particularly us, as scientists, to develop novel biorefinery approaches. The purpose of this study is to thoroughly evaluate the leftover lignocellulosic (LC) biomass obtained after the manufacture of 2-furaldehyde, with the intention of further valorizing this resource. This study demonstrates that by using thermomechanical and alkaline peroxide mechanical pulping techniques, birch wood chips can be used in the new biorefinery processing chain for the production of 2-furaraldehyde, acetic acid, and cellulose pulp. In addition, the obtained lignocellulosic residue is also characterized. To produce a lignocellulosic material without pentoses and with the greatest amount of cellulose fiber preserved for future use, a novel bench-scale reactor technology is used. Studies were conducted utilizing orthophosphoric acid as a catalyst to deacetylate and dehydrate pentose monosaccharides found in birch wood, converting them to 2-furaldehyde and acetic acid. The results showed that, with the least amount of admixtures, the yields of the initial feedstock’s oven-dried mass (o.d.m.) of 2-furaldehyde, acetic acid, and lignocellulose residue ranged from 0.04 to 10.84%, 0.51 to 6.50%, and 68.13 to 98.07%, respectively, depending on the pretreatment conditions utilized. The ideal 2-furaldehyde production conditions with reference to the purity and usability of cellulose in residual lignocellulosic material were also discovered through experimental testing. The experiment that produced the best results in terms of 2-furaldehyde yield and purity of residual lignocellulose used a catalyst concentration of 70%, a catalyst quantity of 4%, a reaction temperature of 175 °C, and a treatment period of 60 min. It was possible to create pulp with a tensile index similar to standard printing paper by mechanically pulping the necessary LC residue with alkaline peroxide, proving that stepwise 2-furaldehyde production may be carried out with subsequent pulping to provide a variety of value-added goods.