Ideal Occlusion Research Articles

Skeletal open bite with amelogenesis imperfecta treated with compression osteogenesis: a case report

BackgroundWe successfully treated a 37-year-old male who had skeletal open bite with severe amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) with orthodontics, compression osteogenesis, and prosthodontics.Case presentationThe patient was diagnosed with severe anterior open bite caused by severe AI. Corticotomy was performed on both buccal and palatal sides of the molar regions, and anchor plates were placed onto the bilateral zygomatic buttress and the center of the hard palate. After corticotomy, posterior maxillary segments were moved 3.5 mm superiorly to correct skeletal open bite with elastic chains. After 8-month, overbite had decreased by 2.0 mm. After further 5 months of prosthodontic preparation, orthodontic appliances were removed, and provisional crowns were set on all teeth. The anterior open bite was corrected, and ideal occlusion with a Class I molar relationship was achieved. The upper first molars were intruded 3.5 mm, resulting in 3.0o counter-clockwise rotation of the mandible. The total active treatment period was 16 months. Acceptable occlusion with a good facial profile was well maintained throughout the 8-year retention period.ConclusionsOur results indicate long-term stability after interdisciplinary treatment combining orthodontics, oral surgery, and prosthodontics in a patient with severe anterior open bite and AI.

A Review on Comparison of Tooth Size Discrepancies among Angle\'s Class I, II, and III Malocclusion: Is There a Significance?

The contemporary article aims to review and compare various literatures concerning different conclusions regarding the correlation between tooth size discrepancy (TSD) and Angle's malocclusion groups. Acquiring the ideal occlusion plays one of the major roles while designing the treatment plan for an orthodontic patient, any alterations in the individual tooth sizes are called TSD and will hinder this prime requirement. By determining the correct tooth size ratio, it further helps in acquiring the accurate interdigitation, balanced occlusion, and also predicting the orthodontic treatment results. Various investigations were carried out to know the correlation between tooth size discrepancies and different malocclusion groups, of which, a few reported a statistically significant difference whereas others reported no significant difference. A computerized database quest was operated utilizing the Medline database (Pubmed/Medline) for original research and review articles. Publications between 1946 and 2018 were included. Four hundred twenty-one articles were recovered from database search and, among them, 66 articles were selected to review the full-article. Although a comparison was done between the tooth-size ratios and malocclusion groups (classes I, II, and III), many investigators noted no significant difference but there is an inadequacy in the data particularly related to subgroups of Angle's classification of malocclusion among these investigations; therefore, further studies are required to interpret this correlation. As there is high incidence of tooth size discrepancies noted in the previous literature orthodontist, Bolton's analysis regardless of malocclusion group, sex, and ethnicity is highly recommended.

Orthodontic treatment as an adjunct to periodontal therapy.

ABSTRACTThis study discusses the role of orthodontic treatment as an adjunct to the control and treatment of periodontal disease conditions, and describes a clinical case of severe anterior mandibular crowding and periodontal disease followed up for nine years and three months after orthodontic treatment completion. Malocclusion impaired proper dental hygiene, which led to bone loss and development of a periodontal abscess between mandibular canines and lateral incisors. After scaling and root planing, orthodontic treatment was initiated with extraction of the four second premolars, to correct the deficiency detected in cephalometric and model analysis. Treatment objectives were met, and facial and dental esthetics was satisfactory. Adequate periodontal management, hygiene control and tooth movement ensured ideal occlusion and facilitated the control of biofilm.

Crown Height and its Relation to Arch Width, Arch Length and Arch Perimeter in Ideal Occlusion

To investigate crown height for sexual dimorphism and its relation to arch length, arch perimeter and arch width (Inter canine, Inter premolar, Intermolar) groups of maxilla and mandible...

Efficiency of class III malocclusion treatment with 2-premolar extraction and molar distalization protocols

Different treatment protocols have been implemented for management of Class III malocclusion with aim of achieving ideal occlusal goals. The aim of current study was to compare the efficiency of Class III treatment with mandibular 2-premolar extraction and mandibular molar distalization protocol. This retrospective cross sectional study was conducted on pre-treatment and post-treatment dental casts of 60 orthodontic patients who had Class III malocclusion and were treated with a mandibular dentition distalization and mandibular 2-premolars extraction protocol. The study was conducted at orthodontic departments of Dental Section, Faisalabad Medical University/Punjab Medical College and de'Montmorency College of Dentistry, Pakistan. The sample was classified into 2 groups. Group A consisted of 30 patients (20 females, 10 males) (mean age, 18.02years) treated with distalization protocol and Group B consisted of 30 patients (18 females, 12 males) (mean age, 18.97years) treated with mandibular 2-premolars extraction protocol. To compare the efficiency of the treatment protocol in each group, the initial and final occlusal results were assessed on dental models using PAR index while treatment efficiency was assessed using a treatment efficiency index (TX). The groups were compared with t and Mann-Whitney tests. There were no significant differences in the initial age, treatment time, treatment efficiency and any occlusal feature between the groups. Treatment efficiency of Class III malocclusions with mandibular 2-premolar extractions or mandibular dentition distalization protocol is similar.

The importance of upper first permanent molars position for the orthognatic occlusion

Development of the dental arches and occlusion in permanent dentition can be divided into several stages and has to be observed regularly. The first permanent molar eruption is related to the onset of significant changes in the developing occlusion. Although this tooth is seen as the `key to occlusion` its value as an anchorage is debatable. The aim of the article is to study the correct position of the upper first molars in the two planes of space - the sagittal and transverse planes. In this article the position of the first upper molar is examined with the aid of diagnostic records, such as study cast, orthopantomogram (OPG), and lateral cephalometrics. A literature review includes Bulgarian and foreigner authors. Angle, who in 1899 referred to the maxillary first permanent molars as the `key to occlusion`, was the first to mention their importance within the dentition. According to Angle, the line passing through the middle of the mesiobuccal cusp of the upper first molar coincides with the line passing through the buccal groove of the lower first molar. After Angle, other authors have discussed the position of upper molars from different point of view, such as their relation or position in the maxilla, anteroposterior axial inclination and rotation. As indicated by Lamons and Holmes molar rotations commonly exist in Class II malocclusions. The molars are usually rotated around an axis lingual to their central fossae. In an ideal occlusion the buccal surfaces of the upper first molars are usually parallel to each other. On the OPG Kurol and Bjerklin measured the axial mesial inclination of upper first molar. The tipping of the molars is measured by the angle formed between the tangent line to the mesial surfaces of the root and crown and the line through the lower margins of the left and right orbits. According to Sassouni, the mesial contour of upper first molar should to lie on the 4th arc - the temporal arc. If the molar is anterior to this arc, a treatment with distalization could be initiated. The temporal arcnasion distance measured on the radius is equal to the distance from point ANS to the upper first molar. The position of the upper first molar varies with the position of the upper central incisors. The basic hypothesis is that if the upper first molar has a fixed position in the face, any increase in the total upper dental arch length will be transferred to the incisor area. Any change in the anteroposterior position of the upper first molar could influence the position of the mandibular- leading to Class II malocclusion. Ricketts pointed out that the average distance from the pterygoid vertical (PTV) to the distal surface of upper first molar is the sum of the age of the patient + 3mm, in a growing patient. This diagnostic method can help the orthodontist to decide whether to extract teeth or to distalize the molars. Any loss of space in the arch is a justification for early orthodontic treatment. Mediopalatal rotation of the upper molar is an additional problem in the final phase as well. The rotation of upper first molars is measured by the angles formed by the intersection of lines going over the tips of the mesiopalatal and distobuccal cusps of each molar (Ricketts line) with a straight line marked over the palatine raphe. The problem of reduced arch length has an impact on the final treatment stage when the major orthodontic goal is establishing a tight teeth intercuspation. The molars influence the transfer of occlusal forces to the facial skeleton. The upper first molar tolerates more changes in the position than the lower one. The correct position of the upper molar ensures a stable occlusion with significantly low grade of relapse.

Primary second molar relations in preschool-aged children

Introduction: The primary second molar relation is also called the terminal plane, which is the relation between the distal surface of the maxillary and mandibular second primary molars in a centric occlusion position. One of the most important characteristics of the ideal occlusion development on the primary dentition is if the primary second molar relation classified as the flush terminal plane. This relation plays a significant role in determining the relation in permanent molar because the eruption of the first permanent molars are guided by the distal surface of the maxillary and mandibular second primary molars. The purpose of this study was to found out the clinical description of the primary second molar relation among the preschool-aged children in four kindergartens in Banda Aceh. Methods: This study was a descriptive study with cross-sectional study approach. The subject selection method was performed with a purposive sampling method involving as much as 37 subjects, which were students of State Kindergarten of Pembina 1, State Kindergarten 2, State Kindergarten 3, and State Kindergarten of Adidarma 4, Banda Aceh. The examination was performed by using the intraoral mirror when the teeth were in the centric occlusion position. Decisions regarding the primary second molar relation were made by the bilateral occlusion (left and right). Results: The flush terminal plane was found in 45.9% of all respondents, the mesial step was 54.1%, and the distal step was 0.0%. Conclusion: The primary second molar relation among preschool-aged children generally had the mesial step.

Bolton discrepancy in an Iranian population and its relation with maxillary lateral incisors' size.

BackgroundBolton’s two main ratios describing the proportional size of upper and lower teeth, could contribute to estimating the excess or deficiency of tooth size necessary to obtain an ideal occlusion. However, the mean Bolton values are not the same among different societies. Determining the prevalence of tooth size deviations from population-specific Bolton indices might help local orthodontists to have a more concise treatment plan.ObjectiveThe study aimed to define the prevalence of clinically significant tooth size discrepancies (TSD) in an Iranian population and to evaluate the influence of lateral incisors’ size on this discrepancy.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on study casts of orthodontic patients attending Imam Reza Dental Clinic from September 2008 to December 2016. The sample comprised of 150 randomly selected pre-treatment study casts (64 males and 86 females from 17 to 28). The mesiodistal diameter of all permanent teeth from the first molar on the right to the first molar on the left was measured using 2 similar digital calipers, and Bolton analysis was calculated. Subjective visual estimation of Bolton discrepancy was also performed. SPSS v18.0, Wilcoxon signed ranks test, Pearson correlation and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used for statistical analysis. A p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsIn the sample group, 34.7% had anterior Bolton index (ABI) and 20.7% had total Bolton index (TBI) greater than 2 Standard Deviations (2SDs) of Bolton’s means, and about half of them required correction of the ABI considering the actual size of discrepancies (mm). The sensitivity of estimating clinically significant tooth size discrepancy more than 2SDs of Bolton’s ABI and the visual judgment was 96.0% and a cut-off point of −0.12mm was obtained.ConclusionBolton’s analysis should be routinely performed in all orthodontic patients, and visual estimation of TSD would be suggested as a screening method in the first visit prior to measurements and set-ups.

Influence of gingival exposure on smile attractiveness

Objective:To evaluate the influence of gingival exposure on smile attractiveness.Methods: Photograph of one male and female volunteer with gummy smile, ideal occlusion and no dental anomalies were taken and manipulated on the computer with different gingival exposure levels ranging from +4mm to -4mm. The photographs were then printed and numbered 1-10 [Male=1-5 and Female=6-10] with the relevant gingival exposure 1= +4 mm, 2= +2 mm, 3= 0 mm, 4= -2 mm, 5= -4 mm, 6= +4 mm, 7= +2 mm, 8= 0 mm, 9= -2 mm and 10= -4 mm. Assessment was independently done on each picture using 5point attractiveness scale scored as very attractive, attractive, neither attractive nor unattractive, unattractive, very unattractive.Results: The highest mean attractiveness was reported on +4mm and +2mm gingival exposure for the male picture while +2mm and +4mm gingival exposure for the female picture. The mean attractiveness for picture 1 was significantly higher in younger than older participants (4.95±0.02 versus 4.81±0.02). The mean attractiveness for picture 4 was significantly higher in dental professionals than laypersons (3.96±0.08 versus 3.09±0.06). The mean attractiveness for picture 5 was significantly higher in younger than older participants (2.04±0.06 versus 1.53±0.04) and also in laypersons than dental professionals (1.79±0.04 versus 1.34±0.05). The mean attractiveness for picture 6 was significantly higher in younger than older participants (3.18±0.09 versus 2.83±0.07), males than females (3.10±0.08 versus 2.84±0.08) and also in lay persons than dental professionals (3.16±0.06 versus 2.01±0.10). The mean attractiveness for picture 7 was significantly lower in younger than older participants (2.90±0.07 versus 3.09±0.05). The mean attractiveness for picture8 was significantly higher in younger than older participants (2.03±0.05 versus 1.85±0.04) and also in laypersons than dental professionals (1.68±0.06 versus 1.96±0.03). The mean attractiveness for picture 9 was significantly lower in younger than older participants (1.39±0.05 versus 1.54±0.03). The mean attractiveness for picture 10 was significantly higher in dental professionals than laypersons (1.36±0.06 versus 1.23±0.02).Conclusion: Smile attractiveness influenced by the gingival exposure had major variations between younger and older participants, moderate variation between dental professionals and laypersons have similar opinions regarding the gingival exposure between gender.

Prosthetics on implants: cement or screw-retained? A review of the literature

Introduction: The discovery of titanium osseointegrated implants enabled the development of screw or cement-retained dental prostheses. However, each retention method involves different aspects. Objective: this study aims at reviewing the literature of in vitro and in vivo studies of the last 7 years on the mechanical, biological, aesthetic and occlusal properties and the cost of screw and cementretained prostheses to identify what can promote greater longevity and economy by considering the patient’s clinical framework. Data sources: Our method was based on the collection of scientific articles published in English from 2012 to 2018 in the PubMed database. Summary of the findings: we noted that in some clinical cases, a retention method was more appropriate than the other, as seen in the access to the posterior region or the palatal face of the crowns, the position/angulation of implants in the anterior region, the patient’s health and economic conditions. Both protheses can suffer or not from mechanical and biological complications. Reversibility can also be associated to cement-retained protheses. There are alternatives to screwed prosthetics to achieve satisfactory aesthetics in the anterior region despite being more expensive. Ideal occlusion tends to be more easily achieved by cemented prosthesis as it avoids prosthetics screws and the formation of crown holes, despite the contributions of correct planning followed by the analysis of static and in motion occlusions. Conclusion: each retention method has its advantages and disadvantages. Therefore,the best method is the one that best fits the characteristics and needs of each patient.

A patient with mandibular deviation and 3 mandibular incisors treated with asymmetrically bent improved superelastic nickel-titanium alloy wires

Skeletal and dental discrepancies cause asymmetric malocclusions in orthodontic patients. It is difficult to achieve adequate functional occlusion and guidance in patients with congenital absence of a mandibular incisor due to the tooth-size discrepancy. Here, we describe the orthodontic treatment of a 22-year-old woman with an asymmetric Angle Class II malocclusion, mandibular deviation to the left, and 3 mandibular incisors. The anterior teeth and maxillary canines were crowded. We used an improved superelastic nickel-titanium alloy wire (Tomy International, Tokyo, Japan) to compensate for the asymmetric mandibular arch and an asymmetrically bent archwire to move the maxillary molars distally. A skeletal anchorage system provided traction for intermaxillary elastics, and extractions were not needed. We alleviated the crowding and created an ideal occlusion with proper overjet, overbite, and anterior guidance with Class I canine and molar relationships. This method of treatment with an asymmetrically bent nickel-titanium alloy wire provided proper Class I occlusion and anterior guidance despite the mandibular deviation to the left and 3 mandibular incisors, without the need for extractions.

Aktif Sabit Ortodontik Tedavi Sırasında Meydana Gelen Dental Travma: Vaka Raporu

The purpose of this case report was to present the treatment of a patient suffering from accidental dental trauma during fixed orthodontic treatment. A 16-year-old girl that was receiving fixed orthodontic therapy in our clinic for 5 months came back two days later after a dental trauma. She revealed that she had a syncope and fell down in her house with the effect of syncope. Extraorally, lower lip laceration was observed. Intraorally, lateral luxation associated with extrusion for lower central incisors (31,41) was diagnosed. Root canal treatment was delayed because it was not possible to determine the definite result of pulp vitality response of traumatized teeth immediately after the injury. After trauma, active orthodontic force was removed from both of traumatized teeth. After 7 months, it was determined that pulp vitality of traumatized tooth was remained. Then levelling and alignment was performed with light orthodontics forces. An esthetic smile and ideal occlusion was achieved as it was planned initially. Twelve months after the end of active orthodontic treatment, sectional pulp obliteration was examined in perapical radiographs of both mandibular central incisors. Rutine clinical and radiographic examination is needed in every 6 months.

Evaluation and comparison of tooth size discrepancies among different malocclusion groups

Introduction: The compliance of proportions between the mesiodistal dimensions of the upper and the lower teeth is necessary for good intercuspidation. Given that a significant discrepancy in tooth size can prevent ideal occlusion at the end of orthodontic treatment, the absence of tooth size discrepancy is a significant factor for the realization of the ideal occlusion.The aim: Aim of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in the incidence of tooth size discrepancies among different skeletal malocclusion groups in the orthodontic patients.Material and methods: The sample comprised 300 pretreatment study casts (118 males and 182 females) with fully erupted andcomplete permanent dentition except third molars, which were selected randomly from records of orthodontic patients. All subjects were divided in three groups, according to the Angle classification of malocclusion. The measurements were made on study models with digital calipers accurately to 0.01 mm.The Class was defined by using the Steiner analysis on lateral cephalograms.The subjects were divided into three groups depending on the value of the ANB angle. For every subject, the value of the angles SNA, SNB and ANB was measured.The reliability of measurements was examined by the Pearson’s correlation coefficient. To determine whether there were gender differences an independent sample t-test was performed.Results: There is no statistically significant differences in Bolton’s discrepancy by different gender, or at different classes. The averagevalue of the anterior Bolton ratio was 78.16 and of the overall were 90.87. Values of the anterior and overall Bolton ratios are highestin patients with Class III. The highest average value of anterior discrepancy was in male subjects with III Class (-0.72), while the highest average value of overall discrepancy was in male subjects with II Class (0.65).Conclusion: The results of the study show that there are no statistically significant differences in Bolton’s discrepancy by different gender, or at different classes.

Prevalence of primate and interdental spaces for primary dentition in 3- to 6-year-old children in Taiwan.

Spaced primary dentition plays a critical role in the eruption of permanent teeth and the establishment of ideal occlusion. A lack of these spaces in deciduous dentition may result in disproportionate jaw and tooth sizes. Additionally, spaced primary dentition is significantly affected by ethnic factors. However, few of these studies have been conducted in Asia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of spaced primary dentition in Taiwan. One hundred and forty-seven 3- to 6-year-old Taiwanese children (58 girls and 89boys) were recruited for a cross-sectional study. Primate and interdental spaces were recorded by intraoral photos. The prevalence of spaced dentition was evaluated. The interpersonal agreement of spaced dentition between the upper and lower arches was also assessed. Most of the subjects had spaced primary dentition. The prevalence of primate space was 83.7% in the upper arch and 61.2% in the lower arch, whereas the prevalence of interdental space was 44.2% in the upper arch and 53.1% in the lower arch. The prevalence rates of interdental space and upper primate space were significantly higher in boys than in girls. Interdental spaces of the lower arch increased with age. Ethnic factors can affect the ratio of spaced dentition. Most of the 3- to 6-year-old Taiwanese children have spaced dentition. The boys have higher incidence of spaced dentition than the girls. Furthermore, primate space is more frequently found in the upper arch than in the lower arch, whereas interdental space is reversed.

Improvement in Peer Assessment Rating scores after nonextraction, premolar extraction, and mandibular incisor extraction treatments in patients with Class I malocclusion.

Different treatment protocols implemented for correction of Class I malocclusion aim at achieving ideal occlusal characteristics. This study was planned to evaluate the improvement in the occlusal characteristics of Class I patients treated with nonextraction (NE), all first premolar extractions (PME), and mandibular incisor extraction (MIE) as assessed by the percentage of improvement in Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) scores. This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on the pretreatment and posttreatment dental casts of 108 subjects with Class I malocclusion. The total sample was divided into 3 equal groups according to the treatment protocol implemented: NE, PME, and MIE. The mean pretreatment and posttreatment PAR scores, and the percentages of improvement were compared among the 3 treatment modalities using Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc Dunnett T3 tests. The mean percentages of improvement in the PAR score were 75.8%±25.8% in the NE group, 73.1%±19.4% in the PME group, and 70.6%±24.1% in the MIE group. There was no significant difference (P=0.351) in the percentages of improvement in PAR scores among the 3 treatment modalities. However, the mean pretreatment and posttreatment PAR scores varied significantly (P<0.001) in the 3 groups. The average pretreatment and posttreatment PAR scores were highest in the MIE group and lowest in the NE group. The comparable percentages of improvement in PAR scores among the 3 groups denote that equivalent occlusal corrections were achieved in Class I patients treated with the NE, PME, and MIE protocols.

Malocclusion in cats and dogs

A malocclusion is a discrepancy of alignment in opposing dental arches or an abnormal relationship between teeth when the mouth is closed. These discrepancies may be congenital, developmental or acquired....

Sella turcica measurements on lateral cephalograms of patients with neurofibromatosis type 1.

The aim of this study was to measure line segments and areas of sella turcica on lateral cephalograms with respect to the clinical diagnosis of facial phenotype of patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). Special attention was given to correlate the measured values with certain tumour types that are typical for this disease.Material and methods: Lateral cephalograms of 194 individuals were investigated. Patients with NF1 were further divided according to the detection and topography of facial plexiform neurofibromas (PNF) taking into account the distribution pattern of the trigeminal nerve. All patients with PNF showed unilateral tumour localisation. Patients without any facial PNF constituted a separate group. Healthy volunteers with ideal occlusion and no history of any intervention in the maxillofacial region served as a control group. The following items were determined on the radiographs: sella entrance, sella width, sella depths, sella diagonal, and sella area.Results: Patients with PNF of the first and second trigeminal nerve branch or affected in all branches showed highly statistically significant enlarged sella tucica measurement values. On the other hand, patients with PNF restricted to one branch only or simultaneously in the second and third branches showed measurement values that were not different to those obtained in NF1 patients devoid of facial PNF. The latter group also showed no difference of sella turcica parameters obtained in the control group.Conclusion: This study provides evidence for the association of a certain NF1 phenotype with distinct skeletal alterations of the skull base, shown here using the example of the representation of the sella turcica in the lateral radiograph. These findings are also relevant in the discussion of NF1 as a disease of bones and in the assessment of brain development in NF1. Both items are discussed in relationship to a facial plexiform neurofibroma. Furthermore, the knowledge of this association of findings provides the clinician with relevant information in the planning of skull base procedures in these patients.

A lateral cephalometry study of patients with neurofibromatosis type 1

PurposeNeurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant transmitted tumour suppressor syndrome and also a bone disease. Osseous dysplasia affecting the craniofacial region is characteristic of NF1. The aim of this study was to analyse the lateral cephalograms of NF1 patients in comparison to individuals who were not affected by this condition in order to describe the skeletal phenotype of NF1 in more detail. Materials and methodsThe study comprises the lateral cephalograms of 172 patients with established NF1 diagnoses (female = 85, male = 87). NF1 patients were distinguished by radiological and/or histological findings of the facial region suggestive of plexiform neurofibroma (PNF) or disseminated cutaneous NF (DNF). The analysed radiographs of a collection of 29 healthy volunteers with ideal occlusion served as controls. The focus of this analysis was cephalometrically defined angles. ResultsCephalometric analyses of patients with DNF did not differ from those of controls for the vast majority of parameters. However, the measurement results of patients with PNF differed significantly from those of healthy volunteers and patients with DNF. The number of trigeminal nerve branches affected in PNF patients had an effect on the measurement results. ConclusionLateral cephalograms revealed no significant alteration of the facial skeleton in NF1 patients as compared to controls. Indeed, the stigma of a so-called ‘NF1 facies’ cannot be derived from the cephalometric findings presented. Notably, a wide range of deviating readings were recorded for individuals with facial PNF. Clinicians who treat patients with NF1 should be aware of deviations from cephalometric standards on lateral cephalograms in NF1 patients, especially when craniofacial surgical procedures are planned. Some of these findings, particularly asymmetries of the facial skeleton, could be indicators of an associated PNF.

Complete Denture Occlusion

Proponents of bilaterally balanced occlusion believe that this occlusal concept is important for denture retention and stability. However, the critical appraisal of the literature reveals no scientific evidence to support the bilaterally balanced occlusion as the ideal occlusal concept for conventional complete dentures. Current evidence suggests that the occlusal concept has little influence on clinical outcomes or patient satisfaction. Additional randomized controlled clinical trials should be developed taking into account the influence of mucosal resiliency, alveolar ridge anatomy, and parafunctional activities on occlusal concept choice. In this paper, various types of complete denture occlusion (bilaterally balanced occlusion, lingualized occlusion, canine-guided occlusion) will be reviewed and compared.

Bolton analysis of the maratha population in Pune

Objective: To evaluate the Bolton ratio in the Maratha population in Pune with near ideal occlusion. Materials and Methods: Fifty study casts were made from impression obtained from patients (25 males and 25 females) aged between 15 and 30 years visiting the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics at Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital, Pune. The mesiodistal widths of all maxillary and mandibular teeth from right first molar to left first molar were measured with a digital caliper to calculate the Bolton ratio. The readings were then used to compute the anterior and total Bolton ratios. t-test was used for the statistical analysis. Results: The mean overall and anterior ratios were found to be 92.73 and 80.48 with standard deviation of 2.69 and 2.86, respectively. The range of overall ratio was 81.91–96.75, and the range of anterior ratio was 74.75–86.45. The values obtained from this study indicated that there was a statistically significant difference between the overall and anterior ratios of Maratha and Caucasian participants. Conclusion: It can be suggested that new values should be obtained for the Maratha population as the values were found to be significantly different from the Bolton values obtained for Caucasian population. Hence, population-specific standards are necessary to be formed for clinical assessment.