Ideal Components Research Articles

Increased risk of atrial fibrillation with low cardiovascular health: life essential 8 in a dutch population

Abstract Introduction The American Heart Association (AHA) introduced the concept of Life’s Essential 8 (LE8) to measure and monitor cardiovascular health (CVH) to prevent cardiovascular diseases. Purpose This study examined the association between LE8 and the incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods In total, 37,807 participants from the population-based European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition-Netherlands (EPIC-NL) cohort were included. The components diet, physical activity, sleep health, nicotine exposure, body mass index, blood glucose, blood lipids, blood pressure were all given a score between 0 and 100 and an overall LE8 score was created by averaging the component scores. The overall LE8 score was categorized into low cardiovascular health (CVH, 0-49), moderate CVH (50-79), and high CVH (80-100). AF cases were obtained through linkage with registries. A Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for age, sex, education level, heart failure, coronary heart disease, and alcohol consumption, was used to assess the association between LE8 and AF. Results The mean age of participants was 49 years ± 12 years and 75% of participants were female. During a median follow-up of 15.3 years (interquartile range: 14.1 – 26.5 years), 833 AF cases (2.3%) were identified. Compared to the participants with a high CVH score (19.5%), participants with a low CVH score (5%) had a 2 times higher hazard for incident AF (hazard ratio (HR) 1.99 [95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.49 – 2.65]). Furthermore, a decrease in the number of ideal components was associated with a higher risk for incident AF (HR 1.11 [95%CI 1.05 – 1.18]). Conclusions The results show that a worse CVH, indicated by a lower LE8 score, is associated with an increased risk for incident AF. Preventing AF could potentially be achieved by implementing the LE8 score in clinical practice. Especially since LE8 is a tool that is easy to interpret and can be applied by healthcare providers to encourage patients to make improvements in the risk factors for AF.

GSH exhaustion via inhibition of xCT-GSH-GPX4 pathway synergistically enhanced DSF/Cu-induced cuproptosis in myelodysplastic syndromes

The clinical application of the therapeutic approach in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) remains an insurmountable challenge for the high propensity for progressing to acute myeloid leukemia and predominantly affecting elderly individuals. Thus, the discovery of molecular mechanisms underlying the regulatory network of different programmed cell death holds great promise for the identification of therapeutic targets and provides insights into new therapeutic avenues. Herein, we found that disulfiram/copper (DSF/Cu) significantly repressed the cell viability, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, destroyed mitochondrial morphology, and altered oxygen consumption rate. Further studies verified that DSF/Cu induces cuproptosis, as evidenced by the depletion of glutathione (GSH), aggregation of lipoylated DLAT, and induced loss of Fe–S cluster–containing proteins, which could be rescued by tetrathiomolybdate and knockdown of ferredoxin 1 (FDX1). Additionally, GSH contributed to the tolerance of DSF/Cu-mediated cuproptosis, while pharmacological chelation of GSH triggered ROS accumulation and sensitized cell death. The xCT-GSH-GPX4 axis is the ideal downstream component of ferroptosis that exerts a powerful protective mechanism. Notably, classical xCT inhibitors were capable of leading to the catastrophic accumulation of ROS and exerting synergistic cell death, while xCT overexpression restored these phenomena. Simvastatin, an inhibitor of HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A) reductase, has beneficial effects in repurposing for inhibiting GPX4. Similarly, the combination treatment of DSF/Cu and simvastatin dramatically decreased the expression of GPX4 and Fe–S proteins, ultimately accelerating cell death. Moreover, we identified that the combination treatment of DSF/Cu and simvastatin also had a synergistic antitumor effect in the MDS mouse model, with the reduced GPX4, increased COX-2 and accumulated lipid peroxides. Overall, our study provided insight into developing a novel synergistic strategy to sensitize MDS therapy by targeting ferroptosis and cuproptosis.

CONVERSİON OF n-HEXANE OVER CATALYSTS BASED ON SULFATED ZIRCONIUM DIOXIDE

The isomerization process is becoming increasingly important in the modern petroleum refining context due to the limitations on the content of benzene, aromatic compounds, and olefins in gasoline. Isomerization is an effective and profitable process for octane enhancement of gasoline unlike other octane increasing processes. Due to the low sulfur and benzene content, the isomerate can be used as an ideal blending gasoline component. Therefore, the isomerization process has a great importance in petroleum refineries to increase the fuel octane number. This article aimed to study the conversion process of normal hexane over palladium and platinum containing catalysts on the base of sulfated zirconium dioxide. It has been determined that due to their high-performance characteristics, catalytic systems based on sulfated zirconium dioxide can be considered the most promising for isomerization of normal alkanes. Moreover, comparison of palladium-containing catalysts based on sulfated zirconium dioxide with platinum-containing catalysts based on sulfated zirconium dioxide showed that palladium sulfated zirconia catalysts have high catalytic performance in the isomerization of normal hexane. Keywords: alkanes, catalyst, platinum, palladium, isomerization, temperature, sulfated zirconium dioxide. .

Humeral Component Version Has No Effect on Outcomes Following Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Prospective, Double-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial.

Controversy exists regarding the ideal humeral component version to optimize humeral rotation and patient outcomes in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA). Patients undergoing primary rTSA for rotator cuff tear arthropathy, a massive rotator cuff tear, or primary osteoarthritis with a rotator cuff tear were randomized to placement of the humeral component in neutral version or 30° of retroversion. Shoulder active range of motion and strength and visual analog scale (VAS) pain, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global 10 (PROMIS-10) scores were collected up to 2 years postoperatively. The goal of the study was to determine whether humeral external rotation and internal rotation are affected by humeral component version following rTSA at 2 years postoperatively. Sixty-six patients were included in the analysis. The median follow-up was 26 months for the neutral and 27 months for the 30° retroversion group. No differences between the groups were observed with respect to the primary diagnosis, sex, age, body mass index, or American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class. The 2 groups did not differ significantly in terms of improvement at 2 years in active shoulder abduction (p = 0.969), forward elevation (p = 1.000), internal rotation measured as the highest spinal level reached (p = 1.000), internal rotation with the arm abducted 90° (p = 0.451), external rotation (p = 0.362), or muscle strength in forward elevation (p = 1.000), abduction (p = 1.000), external rotation (p = 0.617), or internal rotation (p = 1.000). The 2 groups did not differ significantly in terms of improvement in postoperative ASES (p = 1.000), PROMIS-10 physical (p = 1.000), or VAS pain scores (p = 0.718) at the time of final follow-up. In the neutral version group, 1 patient underwent revision for instability and 1 for stiffness. One acromial stress fracture occurred in the 30° humeral retroversion group. Scapular notching was observed in 7 (21.2%) of the patients in neutral version group and 5 (15.2%) of the patients in the 30° retroversion group (p = 0.750). Securing the humeral component at neutral version or 30° of retroversion in rTSA resulted in similar active shoulder external rotation, internal rotation, forward elevation, abduction, and strength measurements, complication rates, and VAS pain, PROMIS-10 physical, and ASES scores at 2 years postoperatively. Therapeutic Level I . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

The Variety of Polar Simplices II

We discuss the space VPS(Q, H) of ideals with Hilbert function H = ( 1 , n , n , … ) that are apolar to a full rank quadric Q. We prove that its components of saturated ideals are closely related to the locus of Gorenstein algebras and to the Slip component in border apolarity. We also point out an important error in [20] and provide the necessary corrections.

Microporous Adsorbent-Based Mixed Matrix Membranes for CO2/N2 Separation

As the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration rapidly rises, carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is an emerging field for climate change mitigation. Various carbon capture technologies are in development with the help of adsorbents, membranes, solvent-based systems, etc. One of the main challenges in this field is the removal of CO2 from nitrogen (N2) gas. This paper focuses on mixed matrix membrane technology, for which the CO2/N2 separation performance is based on differences in gas permeations. Membrane separation and purification technologies are widely studied for carbon capture. Microporous adsorbents such as zeolites and metal organic frameworks (MOFs) for carbon capture have been attracting researchers’ attention due to their highly porous structures, high selectivity values, and tunable porosities. Utilizing microporous adsorbents dispersed within a novel, blended polymer matrix, fourteen membranes were prepared with the commercial MOF ZIF-8, zeolite 13X, and kaolin, with methyl cellulose (MC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), which were tested using a single gas permeation setup in this study. The addition of polyallylamine (PAH) as a chemisorbent was also investigated. These membranes were synthesized both with and without a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) support to compare their performances. MC was found to be an ideal polymeric matrix component to develop free-standing MMMs. At 24 °C and a relatively low feed pressure of 2.36 atm, a free-standing zeolite-13X-based membrane (MC/PAH/13X/PVA) exhibited the highest N2/CO2 selectivity of 2.8, with a very high N2 permeability of 6.9 × 107 Barrer. Upon the optimization of active layer thickness and filler weight percentages, this easily fabricated free-standing MMM made of readily available materials is a promising candidate for CO2 purification through nitrogen removal.

Anatomic Referencing of the Distal Femur in Total Knee Arthroplasty: The Impact of Orientation on Femoral Component Size

BackgroundAnatomic referencing in total knee arthroplasty places the femoral component flush to the anterior cortex while maintaining posterior condylar offset (PCO). The intent of this study was to evaluate how component position influences the femoral component size. MethodsDigital surface models were created using 446 femora from an established computed tomography database. Virtual bone resections, component sizing, and component placement were performed assuming neutral (0°) flexion and neutral (3°) rotation relative to the posterior condyles. The appropriately sized femoral component, which had 2 mm of incremental size, was placed flush with the anterior cortex for optimal restoration of the PCO. Sizing and placement were repeated using 3 and 6° flexion and 0, 5, and 7° external rotation (ER). ResultsAt 0° flexion, decreasing ER from 3 to 0° resulted in an average decreased anterior-posterior height (APH) of 1.9 mm, corresponding to a component size decrease of 1 for 88% of patients. At 7° ER, component size increased by an average of 2.5 mm, corresponding to a size increase for 80% of patients. Flexing the femoral component to 3° with ER at 3° resulted in a decrease in APH of 2.2 mm (1 size decrease in 93% of patients). At 3° flexion and 3° ER, 86% had the same component size as at 0° flexion and 0° ER. Increasing ER at 3° flexion increased APH by 1.2 mm at 5° and 3.1 mm at 7° on average, relative to 3° ER. Increasing flexion from 3 to 6° extended this effect. ConclusionsFlexion decreases the APH when the ER is held constant. The ER of the femoral component increases the APH across all tested flexion angles, causing an increase in the ideal femoral component size to maintain PCO. With anatomic referencing, alterations in femoral component positioning and subsequent changes in component size can be accounted for.

Метаморфозы ценностей в современной системе образования и воспитания

The relevance of the discourse of values in modern social agenda justifies the need to address the philosophical problematization of values. Analyzing normative documents and the practice of functioning of the education system, the author forms a list and identifies the specific features of values of modern Russian society, the interpretation of which excludes the evaluative aspect. At the same time, the activities of the education system are characterized by targets and indicators of their achievement. The author determined the modes of existence of values both as an ideal and value orientations, which makes it possible to preserve the ideal and material components of values and to see their dynamic projection. The practice of operationalization of values, their internalization in the public consciousness is shown on the example of the analysis of the value “patriotism”. Attention is focused on the retrospective orientation of the value discourse in the education system. The necessity of paying attention to the reflexion of the value bases of educational activity and to the formation of a prognostic attitude when working with values in the educational system as a condition for preserving their viability is substantiated. Increased attention to the retrospective line of interpretation of values is proposed to be supplemented with a perspective vector.

A Bird View on the Role of Graphene Oxide Nanosystems in Therapeutic Delivery

Abstract: The remarkable physicochemical properties of Graphene oxide (GO), a graphene derivative, have made it a material with intriguing medical administration potential. Its 2D allotropic nature is the source of its biological flexibility. The transportation of genes and small molecules are just two of the many biomedical applications of graphene and its composite. Antibacterial use in tooth and bone grafts, biofunctionalization of proteins, and treatment of cancer are among other potential uses. The biocompatibility of the freshly synthesized nanomaterials opens up a world of potential biological and medicinal uses. Furthermore, GO's versatility makes it an ideal component for usage in other drug delivery systems, such as hydrogels, nanoparticles, and micelles. This review aims to compile the existing body of knowledge regarding the use of GO in drug delivery by delving into its many potential uses, obstacles, and future developments.

Ambulatory total hip and knee arthroplasty: a literature review and perioperative considerations.

Total joint arthroplasty (TJA), particularly for the hip and knee, is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures. The advancement/evolution of surgical and anesthesia techniques have allowed TJA to be performed on an ambulatory/same-day discharge basis. In this Continuing Professional Development module, we synthesize the perioperative evidence that may aid the development of successful ambulatory TJA pathways. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for ambulatory or fast-track TJA articles. In the absence of direct evidence for the ambulatory setting, we extrapolated the evidence from the in-patient TJA literature. Patient selection encompassing patient, medical, and social factors is fundamental for successful same-day discharge of patients following TJA. Evidence for the type of intraoperative anesthesia favours neuraxial technique for achieving same day discharge criteria and reduced perioperative complications. Availability of short-acting local anesthetic for neuraxial anesthesia would affect the anesthetic choice. Nonetheless, modern general anesthesia with multimodal analgesia and antithrombotics in a well selected population can be considered. Regional analgesia forms an integral part of the multimodal analgesia regime to reduce opioid consumption and facilitate same-day hospital discharge, reducing hospital readmission. For ambulatory total knee arthroplasty, a combination of adductor canal block with local anesthetic periarticular infiltration provided is a suitable regional analgesic regimen. Anesthesia for TJA has evolved as such that same-day discharge will become the norm for selected patients. It is essential to establish pathways for early discharge to prevent adverse effects and readmission in this population. As more data are generated from an increased volume of ambulatory TJA, more robust evidence will emerge for the ideal anesthetic components to optimize outcomes.

Abstract 52: Associations of Ideal Cardiovascular Health and Its Change With Cardiovascular-Kidney Outcomes in Young Adults

Introduction: The AHA recently highlighted the linkage of cardiovascular (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the importance of promoting cardiovascular health (CVH) to prevent them. We hypothesized that attaining ideal CVH score or improving it in young adulthood is associated with low risk of cardiovascular-kidney events, but data are scarce. Methods: We studied 3,836,283 participants of the Korean national health screening in 2009-2010 (baseline age 20-39 y) without prior CVD or CKD. Participants were categorized by the number of ideal CVH components met (range 0-6; diet data unavailable). A subgroup of 2,768,705 participants who underwent follow-up health exam in 2011-2014 (median 4.2 y from baseline) were stratified by combination of baseline and follow-up CVH scores. The primary outcome was a composite of CVD events, incident CKD, and death from kidney disease or CVD, until 31 Dec 2021 (Fig, footnote). Results: At baseline, participants had median age 31 y, and 38.2% were female. During a median follow-up of 12.1 y, 172,217 cardiovascular-kidney events occurred. The multivariable-adjusted risk of cardiovascular-kidney event decreased gradually (HR 0.81 per 1 p higher CVH score) with higher CVH scores (Fig, A). A CVH score of 6 was associated with a 65% lower risk of cardiovascular-kidney event than a CVH score of 0. An increase in CVH score from the baseline to follow-up exam was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular-kidney event (HR 0.87 per +1 p CVH score change). The risk was lowest in participants with high CVH at both baseline and follow-up; having high CVH at baseline, and improving from low to high CVH, were also associated with lower risk than those who maintained low CVH (Fig, B). Findings were similar for CKD and other individual endpoints. Conclusions: Achieving, maintaining, or improving ideal CVH during young adulthood was associated with lower risk of cardiovascular-kidney events, highlighting the importance of promoting early-life CVH for combined prevention of cardiovascular and kidney disease.

Associations of sleep time, quality of life, and obesity indicators on physical literacy components: a structural equation model

AimTo verify the association between ideal sleep time and physical literacy components while also considering multiple mediators, such as quality of life and obesity, using a sample of adolescents.MethodsThis cross-sectional study consisted of 470 adolescents aged 11–17 years from southern Brazil. Sleep time, health-related quality of life, and physical literacy components (i.e., physical education enjoyment, sports participation, sedentary behavior, moderate to vigorous physical activity, sex, and age) were evaluated through self-reported questionnaires. In addition, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference were determined. The theoretical/statistical support of the structural equation model was evaluated according to fit parameters and strength of association.ResultsA direct association was observed between more sleep time and lower levels of obesity. The obesity indicators also had a negative association with HqOL, and HqOL had a positive association with physical literacy. The indirect associations indicated that the ideal sleep time was positively associated with HqOL and physical literacy components, considering the negative mediation effect of obesity. The model explains physical literacy in 31% of the variance (R = 0.31).ConclusionThere was an indirect association between ideal sleep duration and quality of life and between both variables with physical literacy. These relationships occur even considering the negative influence of obesity. Therefore, a child who sleeps adequately has a higher likelihood of being physically active, regardless of obesity, potentially enhancing overall quality of life across various domains.

Ultra-thin freestanding terahertz frequency selective surface on flexible cyclic olefin copolymer

Frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) are widely employed in spectrometers, selective absorbers, energy harvesting, and sensing devices. However, in the terahertz range, the performance of this ideal component is frequently constrained by the choice of material, which introduces a certain degree of attenuation, thereby diminishing the signal-to-noise ratio. Moreover, these FSS are often bulky and demonstrate a low extinction ratio, which limits their usage in wearables and miniaturised devices. In this work, a multi-band FSS composed of periodic microstructures on an ultrathin cyclic olefin copolymer sheet is proposed, analysed, fabricated, and evaluated using terahertz-time domain spectroscopy. The unit cell is composed of triple, evenly spaced, horizontal gold strips, linked around the middle by a fourth vertically oriented gold strip. By displacing the vertical strip, the asymmetric metasurface shows dual narrowband transmission at 1.04 THz and 1.67 THz. However, only a single narrowband transmission at 1.07 THz can be observed on a symmetric metasurface, with no displacement. The calculated Q factors are 4.52 and 16.63 at 1.04 THz and 1.67 THz, respectively, for the asymmetric metasurface. While for the symmetric metasurface, the calculated Q factor at 1.07 THz is 3.63. The proposed flexible metasurface can be tailored easily as single or dual narrowband frequency selective metasurface for channel filtering and broadband sources in emerging terahertz wireless systems.

Ultrasound: A new strategy for artificial synapses modulation

AbstractDue to its non‐invasive nature, ultrasound has been widely used for neuromodulation in biological systems, where its application influences the synaptic weights and the process of neurotransmitter delivery. However, such modulation has not been emulated in physical devices. Memristors are ideal electrical components for artificial synapses, but up till now they are hardly reported to respond to ultrasound signals. Here we design and fabricate a HfOx‐based memristor on 64°Y‐X LiNbO3 single crystal substrate, and successfully realize artificial synapses modulation by shear‐horizontal surface acoustic wave (SH‐SAW). It is a prominent short‐term resistance modulation, where ultrasound has been shown to cause resistance drop for various resistance states, which could fully recover after the ultrasound is shut off. The physical mechanism illustrates that ultrasound induced polarization potential in the HfOx dielectric layer acts on the Schottky barrier, leading to the resistance drop. The emulation of neuron firing frequency modulation through ultrasound signals is demonstrated. Moreover, the joint application of ultrasound and electric voltage yields fruitful functionalities, such as the enhancement of resistance window and synaptic plasticity through ultrasound application. All these promising results provide a new strategy for artificial synapses modulation, and also further advance neuromorphic devices toward system applications.image

Study on Nanomaterials Coated Natural Coir Fibers as Crack Arrestor in Cement Composite

The process of inclusion of carbon nanotubes as fibers in cement paste has been proved to have optimistic effect as it enhances the tensile property of cement paste composite. Coir fibers have exceptional mechanical qualities and are thus employed as reinforcement in cement composites. Epoxy resin, which has a high Young’s modulus, is an ideal component for bonding carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to coir fiber. This paper describes a novel kind of nanocomposite made of L-12 epoxy resin and CNTs at the nanolevel, along with coir fibers at the microlevel which operate as crack arrestors. To remove surface contaminants, coir fibers are first treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Epoxy/CNTs polymer coatings were developed at varying CNTs fractions (0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2 wt.% of cement). Multiwalled CNTs were combined in distilled water, followed by epoxy resin and hardener (9 : 1 v/v) polymer in an ultrasonic sonicator for 90 min to ensure full dispersion of CNTs within the epoxy polymer. This blend is now coated on the treated clustered coir fiber (length 10 cm, 10 strands) and reinforced along the length of a cement composite beam 20 mm × 20 mm × 80 mm in size. Tensile and three-point tests were performed to evaluate the mechanical characteristics of the hybrid composite. The linear elastic finite element analysis is employed to distinguish their failure phenomena via fatigue or fracture behavior. The microstructure behavior and the effect of coating material on the coir fibers were investigated using scanning electron microscope and EDX analysis. The reinforcing impact of nanopolymer coated coir fiber in cement composite diminished the tensile and flexural strength after 0.1 wt.% of CNT fraction but increased the composite’s durability and Young’s modulus. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis was carried out to assess the chemical interaction between the epoxy/CNTs and the coir fibers. The simulation was performed using ANSYS workbench, and the modeling results were within an acceptable 10% range of the experimental data. Nevertheless, it can be concluded that the hybrid composite is capable of enhancing the composite’s stress and strain capacity by regulating the fracture propagation process at the crack’s end.

Superconductivity and electron self-energy in tungsten-sulfur-hydride monolayer

Hydrogen-rich structures have recently gained attention as a candidate for room-temperature superconductors. Hydrogen has high phonon frequencies and can be an ideal component for superconductors if it also exhibits strong electron–phonon coupling. In bulk materials, this has been achieved only under very high pressure. Two-dimensional hydrogen-decorated materials can also be expected to become superconductors. Recently, it was shown that a Janus MoSH monolayer can be synthesized (Lu et al 2017 Nat. Nanotechnol. 12 744–9), and a theoretical investigation of this MoSH monolayer claimed that T c = 28.58 K at atmospheric pressure (Liu et al 2022 Phys. Rev. B 105 245420). In this work, we propose that tungsten sulfur hydride (WSH) is also a superconducting Janus monolayer. The Tc is carefully calculated with very high resolution via the Eliashberg spectral function and the electron self-energy. We find that WSH is a conventional BCS superconductor with T c = 12.2 K at ambient pressure. For practical applications, sensitive dependence on substrate is inferred. We also reported the electron self-energy of WSH, which can be compared directly with future measurements from angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy.

A molecular insight into coke formation process of vacuum residue in thermal cracking reaction

Understanding the coking behaviors has been considered to be really essential for developing better vacuum residue processing technologies. A battery of thermal cracking tests of typical vacuum residue at 410 °C with various reaction time were performed to evaluate the coke formation process. The total yields of ideal components including naphtha, atmospheric gas oil (AGO) and vacuum gas oil (VGO) of thermal cracking reactions increased from 10.89% to 40.81%, and the conversion ratios increased from 8.05% to 43.33% with increasing the reaction time from 10 to 70 min. The asphaltene content increased from 12.14% to a maximum of 22.39% and then decreased, and this maximum of asphaltene content occurred at the end of the coking induction period. The asphaltenes during the coking induction period, at the end and after coking induction period of those tested thermal cracking reactions were characterized to disclose the structure changing rules for coke formation process, and the coke formation pathways were discussed to reveal the coke formation process at molecular level.

The Properties of Topological Manifolds of Simplicial Polynomials

The formulations of polynomials over a topological simplex combine the elements of topology and algebraic geometry. This paper proposes the formulation of simplicial polynomials and the properties of resulting topological manifolds in two classes, non-degenerate forms and degenerate forms, without imposing the conditions of affine topological spaces. The non-degenerate class maintains the degree preservation principle of the atoms of the polynomials of a topological simplex, which is relaxed in the degenerate class. The concept of hybrid decomposition of a simplicial polynomial in the non-degenerate class is introduced. The decompositions of simplicial polynomial for a large set of simplex vertices generate ideal components from the radical, and the components preserve the topologically isolated origin in all cases within the topological manifolds. Interestingly, the topological manifolds generated by a non-degenerate class of simplicial polynomials do not retain the homeomorphism property under polynomial extension by atom addition if the simplicial condition is violated. However, the topological manifolds generated by the degenerate class always preserve isomorphism with varying rotational orientations. The hybrid decompositions of the non-degenerate class of simplicial polynomials give rise to the formation of simplicial chains. The proposed formulations do not impose strict positivity on simplicial polynomials as a precondition.

Koncept i značaj idealnog kardiovaskularnog zdravlja

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide. In 2019, 17.9 million people died from CVD which accounts for 32% of all deaths globally. The burden of CVD in a given population is related to the cardiovascular health (CVH) of that particular population. In 2010, The American Heart Association initiated a new concept of ideal CVH focused on two groups, health behavior components (smoking, body mass index, physical activity, and diet) and health components (total cholesterol, blood glucose, and blood pressure). Ideal CVH is defined as the simultaneous presence of seven ideal CVH components or "Life's Simple 7" (non-smoking, body mass index <25 kg/m2 , level of physical activity up to the achievement of the set goal, diet in accordance with national recommendations, blood pressure <120/80 mm Hg, total cholesterol <200 mg/dL and blood glucose level <100 mg/dL) in the absence of clinically manifested CVD. The prevalence of ideal CVH is low worldwide and is less than 1% in the USA, China and Spain, and the lowest values (0.02% and 0,1%) were recorded in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia, respectively. The ideal CVH is inversely related to the incidence and mortality rates of CVD, as well as the overall mortality rates. People with a greater number of ideal CVH metrics (5, 6, and 7) are significantly less likely to suffer from CVD, ischemic heart disease and stroke, and have lower mortality from CVD, as well as lower total mortality compared to people without any or with only one ideal component of CVH. The status of CVH in the population is essential for predicting the risk of morbidity and mortality from CVD, which can be reduced by improving both health/biological and behavioral components of CVH.

Piezoelectric Microacoustic Metamaterial Filters.

We present the first microacoustic metamaterial filters (MMFs). The bandpass of the reported MMFs is not generated by coupling, electrically or mechanically, various acoustic resonances; instead, it originates from the passbands and stopbands of a chain of three acoustic metamaterial (AM) structures. These structures form an AM transmission line (AMTL) and two AM reflectors (AMRs), respectively. Two single metal strips serve as input and output transducers with a wideband frequency response. Since MMFs do not rely on resonators, they do not require high-resolution trimming or mass-loading steps to accurately tune the resonance frequency difference between various microacoustic resonant devices. These steps often involve finely controlling the thickness of a device layer, with resolutions that can be as low as a few Angstroms when building GHz filters. The acoustic bandwidth of MMFs is mostly determined by geometrical and mechanical parameters of their AM structures. MMFs necessitate external circuit components for impedance matching, in contrast to the existing microacoustic filters that often employ circuit components only to eliminate ripples within their passband. We have designed and constructed the first MMFs from a 400-nm-thick scandium-doped aluminum nitride (AlScN) film using a 30% scandium-doping concentration. These devices operate in the radio frequency (RF) range. We validated these devices' performance through finite-element modeling (FEM) simulations and through measurements of a set of fabricated devices. When matched with ideal circuit components, the built MMFs exhibit filter responses with a center frequency in the ultrahigh-frequency range, a fractional bandwidth (FBW) of ~2.54%, a loss of ~4.9 dB, an in-band group delay between 70 ± 25 ns, and a temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) of ~22.2 ppm/° C.