Ideal Area Research Articles

Haematological, biochemical and oxidative stress parameters of New Zealand rabbits housed at different stocking densities

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different stocking densities on oxidative stress, some hematological and biochemical blood parameters in New Zealand rabbits, and to determine the ideal cage area where rabbits can live without being stressed. A total of 36 1–month–old mixed sex New Zealand weaned rabbits were selected for the study. The rabbits were placed in cages at different densities of stocking. Experimental groups were 1 rabbit per cage (C1), 2 rabbits per cage (C2) and 3 rabbits per cage (C3). There was no significant differences between groups in terms of RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, WBC, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophlis, basophlis, AST, ALT, trigliseride, cholesterol, HDL and LDL parameters (P>0.05). C2 group had lower count of PLT comparing C1 and C3 groups. C1 group had the highest value for MCHC (P<0.05). As oxidative stress parameters, there was no significant differences between IMA and TAS parameters (P>0.05). C2 group had the lowest value in terms of SOD (P<0.05). In conclusion C2 group was determined more advantageous in terms of breeding and welfare, since C1 group does not support social needs of the animals and C3 group leads to increased stress levels due to reduced individual space and restricted movement.

The salinity anomalies due to nutrients and inorganic carbon in the Bohai Sea

As a new seawater standard, the International Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater-2010 (TEOS-10) has made it possible to accurately calculate salinity changes caused by small changes in the relative proportions of inorganic dissolved constituents in the open ocean and thus to accurately calculate the thermodynamic properties of seawater. However, offshore and semi-enclosed seas are subject to the dual influence of geo-biochemical processes and terrestrial inputs, and the spatial and temporal variations in the relative composition of their seawater are more complex, resulting in very few studies of salinity change due to changes in the relative composition in these regions, and the applicability of the TEOS-10 in these seas needs to be further evaluated. The Bohai Sea is a typical semi-enclosed sea that has accumulated a large amount of physical oceanography and marine chemistry measurements, making it an ideal area to study the effects of changes in the relative composition of seawater on salinity. Based on repeated measurements of Section B in the Bohai Sea from 1985 to 2020, complemented by quasi-synchronous large-scale measurements of the Bohai Sea from 2006 to 2007, this study found that [HCO3−] and [Ca2+] ions anomalies dominate the relative composition anomalies of dissolved substances in this sea relative to the Standard Sea Water (SSW). These additional components could increase the absolute salinity SA by up to 0.1 g·kg-1 and the practical salinity SP by 0~0.04 according to the TEOS-10 algorithm and the mathematical model Pa08. Based on the specific environmental characteristics of the Bohai Sea, the sources, spatial and temporal variations, and influencing factors of the relative compositional anomalies are analyzed, and the empirical formulas of the absolute salinity anomaly δSA and practical salinity anomaly δSP for the Bohai Sea are further fitted, with the uncertainty of 0.007~0.021 g·kg-1 for δSA and 0.003~0.008 for δSP. The above results can not only improve the accuracy of the thermodynamic properties of the Bohai Seawater, but also provide the compatibility level of the long-term salinity changes in the Bohai Sea and its adjacent waters.

RGO/ZIF-8 Aerogel for Effective Removal of Malachite Green from Wastewater.

In this study, dopamine-modified graphene aerogel (DGA) is synthesized through a one-step hydrothermal method using graphene oxide as the precursor and dopamine as the reducing agent. Subsequently, in situ immersion synthesis is conducted to obtain ZIF-8 loaded on a dopamine-modified graphene aerogel skeleton (ZDGA), featuring a regular honeycomb interconnected mesoporosity and a high specific surface area of 532.8 m2/g. The synthesized ZDGA exhibited exceptional adsorption performance for the cationic dye malachite green. At room temperature, ZDGA achieved an impressive equilibrium adsorption capacity of 6578.34 mg/g. The adsorption process followed pseudo-secondary kinetics and adhered to the Langmuir model, indicating chemically dominated adsorption on a monomolecular layer. Intraparticle diffusion was the primary rate determinant, with π-π stacking, electrostatic adsorption, hydrogen bonding, and Lewis acid-base interactions serving as the key driving forces. It has an ideal specific surface area and good cycling performance, which highlights its potential application in dye wastewater treatment.

Koniec zabijania w imię pokoju? Rewizja modelu fikcyjnego mściciela w komiksie oraz serialu „Peacemaker”

Within the discussion of popular narratives that place the idea of ‘peace’ at their core, stories about fictional superheroes seem to be a potentially ideal area for scientific exploration. However, when delving into the specificity of selected comic book, film and TV series examples, it turns out that the issue of the ‘peace-centricity’ of this type of story requires a more in-depth reflection, going beyond the often naive ideas about the actual ideological content present here. A perfect example of this type of reflection is a fictional character nicknamed Peacemaker, whose transmedia incarnations accurately illustrate the complex status of the superhero mission as a ‘fight for peace’.

Investigation of cable current carrying capacity improvement and its effects on transmit power between Egypt and Saudi Arabia project

This paper presents an investigation for current carrying capacity improvement of high voltage cable laid in unfavorable regions crowded with groups of high and extra high voltage power cables. A proposed MATLAB program is developed to predict the ampacity of these cables at 220 kV and 500 kV. The cables are laid in various formats and under various laying conditions. Temperature distribution inside cable layers and through soil layers are studied using a finite element model (FEM) with COMSOL software during full load operation. Calculations are based on Neher-McGrath methods in accordance with IEC 60,287. The results are compared with the manufacturer's technical guarantee. Furthermore, this paper presents a proposed cable ampacity calculation that is applied to determine the ideal cross section area for four circuits of 500 kV underground cables that will serve for future power transmission between Saudi Arabia and Egypt.

Microplastics in remote region of the world: Insights from the glacier of Geladandong, China

Although microplastics have been detected in different remote areas, people are still short of knowledge for environmental background of microplastics in remote area. In this work, we collected air, snow, river and lake water samples from Geladandong region (the origin of the Yangtze River) of the Tibetan Plateau, along with microscopy and Micro-FTIR analyses. Microplastics abundance (0.13–19.8 items/L) was the low as compared with other remote areas worldwide, and the morphology of fiber and film, material of PP and PET, and size of <300 μm were the main microplastics features. Due to natural aging during the transport processes, microplastics were degrading to smaller particle in Geladandong. Air mass trajectory analysis shows microplastics in Geladandong is transferred by repeated atmospheric transport from no human activity place. All these results suggested that Geladandong is an ideal research area for environmental background value and characteristic of microplastics. In conjunction with data from other remote regions, we established the background values for microplastics in remote areas. This work provides quantitative evidence for establishing environmental quality standards, and monitoring environmental changes.

Potential current and future distribution for Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Colombia: important disease vectors

Invasive mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti (African) and Aedes albopictus (Asian), serve as global vectors for diseases such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya, and they are currently present in Colombia. Consequently, the aim of this study was to assess the potential geographic distribution of these A. aegypti and A. albopictus vectors under both present and future environmental conditions in Colombia. To achieve this, a dataset was compiled using global records for each species, with those from Colombia being used for model validation. These records, in conjunction with layers of bioclimatic variables, were incorporated into ecological niche models. Predictions of potential distribution were made with the Maxent algorithm, using the Wallace EcoMod application for current conditions and the Java MaxEnt software for future projections, which represented three climate change scenarios (SSP245, SSP370, and SSP585) for two time periods (2041–2060 and 2081–2100). Additionally, niche overlap was calculated, and the suitable habitat range and population at risk in Colombia were quantified for current predictions. It is suggested that both species share ideal areas in the country with an overlap of 0.85, covering over 70% of the country's territory and reaching altitudes higher than 2,500 m, potentially affecting at least 45% of the population. In the future for both species it is estimated that, with increasing temperatures, the potential distribution could decrease, but they could invade areas with altitudes above 3,500 m (colder). It is concluded that, currently, A. aegypti and A. albopictus could have similar geographic distribution in Colombia and that, in the following years, climate change could lead to latitudinal and altitudinal variations in the distribution areas of these vectors.

Revealing hidden diversity and community dynamics of land snails through DNA barcoding: implications for conservation and ecological studies

IntroductionLand snails play a crucial role in maintaining ecosystem sustainability within their habitats. Therefore, understanding the characteristics of their communities is vital for ecological studies and the development of effective conservation strategies. In this study, land snail communities inhabiting the Hyrcanian forest were identified and the variations in their community composition along elevational gradients were investigated.MethodsSnail samples were collected from three distinct elevations in three different forest locations within the Hyrcanian area of Iran. This study utilized DNA barcoding to identify land snail species. By employing statistical analyses such as ANOVA and PERMANOVA, significant differences in the features of snail communities across different elevations were examined. Concurrently, soil samples were collected from each site to assess soil physicochemical parameters about snail presence.ResultThrough this comprehensive analysis, a total of 10 OTUs, were further classified into seven families, and nine genera were identified. Five of these genera had never been reported in the study region before. We observed a decline in OTU richness with increasing elevation; however, the maximum abundance of snails was found at higher elevations. CCA demonstrated that Ca, Mg, and moisture saturation predominantly shape snail community composition.DiscussionThe unique climatic conditions and spatial distribution of precipitation from lowlands to highlands, as well as from west to east, make the Hyrcanian forests an ideal case study area for understanding the dynamics of land snail communities. In summary, this study provides new insights into the land snail communities thriving in the Hyrcanian forests. The findings from our research can contribute to the development of effective conservation management strategies for forest ecosystems. By understanding the factors influencing the distribution and composition of land snail communities, we can make informed decisions to protect and preserve land snails and the balance they maintain within their habitats.

Phytochemical and chromatographical evaluation of Madanphala (Randia dumetorum Lamk.) from different Desha based on Akashadi Panchamahabhoota

Aims &amp; Objective:- Evaluation of phytochemical and chromatographical constitution of Madanaphala, collected from different desha based on Akashadi mahabhoota. Madanaphala is the best vamana dravya. As per classics the best place to collect these vamana dravya is the land which is predominant of the Agni, Vayu and Akash mahabhoota. In this study we are going to evaluate the phytochemical and chromatographical qualities of the Madanaphala collected from Jangala desha (Kappatagudda) which is the ideal collection area mentioned by Acharya’s for vamana karma and the Madanaphala collected from the Anupa desha(Jamboti). Methodology:- 2 samples of Madanaphala, collected from the two different desha’s, one sample collected from Kappatagudda region and the other sample collected from Jamboti region. The collected fruits are dried, cleaned, powdered and were analyzed for phytochemical and chromatographical evaluation. Conclusion:- The phytochemical analysis of Madanaphala collected from two different region Kappatagudda and Jamboti didn’t show any changes. TLC of both the samples showed the presence of phytochemicals at different Rf values but the sample collected from Kappatagudda has more number of Rf values which indicate presence of more number of phytochemicals than in Madanaphala collected from Jamboti. The standard Rf value of Oleanolic acid is 0.57. In the HTPLC result the nearest Rf value observed was 0.51 which is found in the Madanaphala collected from Kappatagudda, but no nearest Rf value was observed in Madanaphala collected from Jamboti. So we can justify the reference which is explained by our Acharya Sushruta in the context of Bhumipravibhagiyamadhyaya that vamana dravya should be collected from desha predominant of Akash, Vayu and Agni mahabhoota. As our study also showed that Madanaphala collected from Kappatagudda region which is predominant of Agni, Vayu and Akash mahabhoota predominenet is of superior quality than the Madanaphala collectd from Jamboti region having Parthiva and Aap mahabhoota.

Distribution models in invasive plants with climatic niche expansion: a case study of Ulex europaeus L. in Colombian Andes

Invasive plants have a wide distribution worldwide. Their ability to adapt and colonize different climates is attributed to the phenotypic plasticity and the expansion of the climatic niche of the species. Simultaneously, their distribution patterns will be affected by climate change, creating or reducing the ideal areas for their establishment. We evaluated the current and potential distribution of Ulex europaeus L. in Colombia, under the global circulation models ACCESS-ESM1-5 and MIROC6 in two scenarios, for the years 2041–2060, taking into account its climate niche expansion. An ecological niche model was built for this purpose using Maxent algorithm of the KUENM, the records of the species in native and invasive condition from the GBIF portal, and records obtained through field trips and bioclimatic variables from Worldclim2 were used. Changes in potential distribution were analyzed with the Biomod2. A total of 1072 occurrence records were found for U. europaeus and 109 records were found in Colombia in the Cordillera Central and Oriental, where an expansion of the altitudinal range was evidenced from 2000 to 4052 m above sea level. Climate change models for Colombia showed that the creation of new areas for potential establishment is less than 1% and there is a reduction in potential distribution of 12 and 31% due to unsuitable climatic conditions that would affect their germination capacity. However, given its potential for adaptation, the invasions will persist in the new conditions and will continue their colonization process at higher altitudes where they find optimal temperatures for their germination and establishment.

Urban Area Policy Innovation From The Perspective of Public Policy in Serang Municipality, Indonesia

This article aims to discuss the policy implications and criteria for ideal urban area policy innovation from a public policy perspective. This research was conducted using a case study approach using semi-structured interview data collection techniques as a data collection instrument. The results of the research show that the policy implications for urban residential areas in Serang City are still not optimal due to the limited authority of the city government and the lack of integration of SiKasep policy innovations with urban needs and problems. Apart from that, SiKasep policy innovations have not been able to have an impact due to the low ability and willingness to innovate within the civil service. country. The policy innovation criteria for ideal urban residential areas in Serang City can be applied through the New Public Services (NPS) approach as a representation of policy innovation. Research findings show the importance of strengthening regulations and legitimacy, especially in formulating programs and policies for urban residential areas that are based on regional policy standards; second, the importance of encouraging policy interventions related to access to basic services for the community; third, it is important to encourage policy actors to develop integrated programs and minimize the various interests that hinder policy innovation in urban residential areas; and fourth, participation and involvement of non-governmental elements is very important to obtain broader policy support.

Evaluation of Land Suitability of The Post-Mine Area for Settlement in The Kuranji Region of Padang City

The increase in population in Padang City is related to the many needs that must be met by the community such as housing or settlement needs. The availability of land that meets the criteria to be used as a settlement location guarantees a decent life for each community. This research aims to evaluate the land suitability of post-mining areas for settlements in the Kuranji area of Padang City. Data collection is done by analyzing the parameters used in determining the ideal settlement area, namely, slope level map, soil type map, erosion hazard, soil texture, flood hazard, and soil carrying capacity. The data that has been obtained is analyzed using the scoring or weighting method to determine the level of land suitability. Based on the calculations and analysis carried out on the evaluation of land suitability for settlements in the Gunung Sarik area, it can be concluded that the post-mining area in the Gunung Sarik area is suitable for settlements with a land suitability level value of 57 which with a land suitability level value of 58.7 - 37.4 is appropriate with details of 6 physical parameters that are met, namely, the level of slope 15.76%; Alluvial soil type, erosion hazard 348.83 tons/day/year, never flooded, fine soil texture (Clay), and has good soil bearing capacity (165 kg/cm 2 ).

Distribution and protection of Thesium chinense Turcz. under climate and land use change.

Wild medicinal plants are prominent in the field of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), but their availability is being impacted by human activities and ecological degradation in China. To ensure sustainable use of these resources, it is crucial to scientifically plan areas for wild plant cultivation. Thesium chinense, a known plant antibiotic, has been overharvested in recent years, resulting in a sharp reduction in its wild resources. In this study, we employed three atmospheric circulation models and four socio-economic approaches (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SSP5-8.5) to investigate the primary environmental factors influencing the distribution of T. chinense. We also examined changes in its suitable area using the Biomod2 package. Additionally, we utilized the PLUS model to project and analyze future land use changes in climate-stable regions for T. chinense. Our planning for wild tending areas of T. chinense was facilitated by the ZONATION software. Over the next century, the climate-stable regions for T. chinense in China is approximately 383.05 × 104 km2, while the natural habitat in this region will progressively decline. Under the current climate conditions, about 65.06% of the habitats in the high suitable areas of T. chinense are not affected by future land use changes in China. Through hotspot analysis, we identified 17 hotspot cities as ideal areas for the wild tending of T. chinense, including 6 core hotspot cities, 6 sub-hotspot cities, and 5 fringe hotspot cities. These findings contribute to a comprehensive research framework for the cultivation planning of T. chinense and other medicinal plants.

Adsorptive removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution by using green synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles

Metal nanoparticles can be synthesized by “green synthesis” methods, an efficient and environmentally friendly process that involves combination of metal salt solution with plant extract. Due to low cost, ideal surface area, plenty of active sites, and high adsorption capabilities, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) have drawn a lot of attention as effective adsorbents. Our present study is primarily concerned about green synthesis route of producing copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) from flower extract of Nyctanthesarbor-tristis. The prepared CuO-NPs was used in the adsorption of toxic metal ions including U(VI), Pb(II), Cr(VI), and Cd(II) from water samples was studied. Different analytical techniques like UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy has been used for analyzing the properties of prepared copper oxide nanoparticles. A batch experiment has also been conducted to determine the efficacy of the synthesized copper oxide nanoparticles toward the adsorption of toxic metal ions including U(VI), Pb(II), Cr(VI), and Cd(II) from water samples at various parameters, such as the impact of pH, contact time and adsorbent dosage. According to the results, the adsorption capacity (qmax) of CuO-NPs for U(VI), Pb(II), Cr(VI), and Cd(II) metal ions are 200, 155.27, 131.57 and 90.90 respectively. The kinetic studies showed that the pseudo-second order kinetics model has best fits to the data (R2= 0.85, 0.91, 0.89, 0.92 for U(VI), Pb(II), Cr(VI), and Cd(II) respectively. The study also included pseudo-first order, Elovich models and intra particle diffusion. In light of these findings, copper oxide nanoparticles were found to be a promising nano-adsorbent for the treatment of water.

GIS-MCE based suitability analysis for sustainable estate development in Ede North LGA Osun State, Nigeria

Ideal areas for housing developments that are, for the most part, sustainable present critical issues in the planning and development of eco-friendly urban settlements. With this in mind and explicitly, Ede North LGA of Osun State was chosen as the case study, where a methodological framework for a land suitability analysis was adopted to identify suitable lands for real estate development with sustainability as a focus in the realization of global UN goals. This present study falls within the framework of the Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) analysis, which can be integrated into Geographic Information Systems (GIS) together with the Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP), useful for decision-making in site selection studies. For this purpose, computed relative weights from the pairwise comparisons (AHP) of 5 sub-models, i.e., terrain, environmental, socio-economic, available land, and soil factors, were inserted into the suitability analysis function of GIS and combined in a ‘Weighted Sum’ overlay operation to produce a final suitability map on a scale of 1–5, with 5 being the highest preference. Lastly, the ‘Locate Region’ Spatial Analyst tool was applied to the final suitability map to locate three (3) optimum locations to site the estate developments. Conclusively, in view of the analysis and discoveries made in this research, finding optimum locations via the GIS-MCE-based land suitability model for future housing development needs may prove highly resourceful. Hence, this study can likewise give a significant direction to future land use changes and practical and cost-effective arrangements in urban areas where conditions are similar to those in Ede North LGA.

Progress in Sponge City Research in Yunnan Province

As urbanization accelerates, the challenges faced by traditional urban drainage systems are becoming increasingly prominent. The concept of the "sponge city" has emerged as a new urban development paradigm, playing an increasingly important role in sustainable urban development, alleviating water disasters, and improving the urban water environment. This paper takes Yunnan Province as the research subject and delves into the progress of sponge city research in the region, as well as conducting a comprehensive assessment of the environmental conditions for implementing sponge city construction in Yunnan. The unique geographical and climatic characteristics of Yunnan Province make it an ideal area for implementing the sponge city concept. The paper not only examines in detail the pilot sponge city projects that have been initiated in the province, analyzing the implementation effects of these projects, but also proposes strategies and suggestions for future development based on these case studies. In terms of research methodology, this paper employs a variety of research methods, including literature review, field investigation, and data analysis, to ensure the scientific rigor and comprehensiveness of the research findings. The results show that the sponge city construction in Yunnan Province has achieved certain effects, such as significant progress in urban flood control, rational utilization of water resources, and improvement of the ecological environment. However, the study also identified some problems and challenges, such as gaps between the implementation of some projects and the expected outcomes, as well as difficulties in technology, funding, and policy encountered during the promotion process. Based on these findings, the paper provides targeted suggestions from multiple perspectives, including technological innovation, funding, and policy support, aiming to further promote the development of sponge city construction in Yunnan Province and nationwide. The study emphasizes that Yunnan Province should leverage its unique advantages and formulate appropriate sponge city construction standards and technical guidelines that align with local conditions. It also recommends enhancing interdisciplinary and interdepartmental cooperation to foster a deeper integration of scientific research with urban planning practices, maximizing the benefits of sponge city construction. Overall, this paper's research not only provides valuable experience and insights for the construction of sponge cities in Yunnan Province and other regions of China but also makes an important contribution to the theoretical research and practical exploration of sponge cities. Through an in-depth analysis and systematic study of sponge city construction in Yunnan Province, the paper showcases the tremendous potential and challenges faced by the sponge city concept in specific Chinese practices, holding significant theoretical and practical significance for guiding future urban development planning and management.

Indexing of Left Atrial Volume by various body size parameters in the Indian non-obese normal subjects: Is there an incremental value ?

BackgroundLeft atrial (LA) volume indexing for body surface area (BSA) is the common practice. Since LA volume index is of cardiovascular pathophysiologic significance, it is suggested that indexing for other body size parameters be explored to evaluate a more appropriate alternative method. The aims of this study were to find normal and the best cutoff values for LA volume indexed for multiple body size parameters in normal Indian subjects. MethodsData from the multicentric prospective INDEA study conducted through 2018 to 2020 was reviewed and subjects without known cardiac disease and completely normal echocardiograms that had the left atrial volume (LAV) measured by biplane Simpson's method were included. LAV was indexed by BSA (ml/m2), by height (LAV/m), by height raised to exponent 1.72 (mL/m 1.72 and 2.7 (ml/m2.7), by body weight, by ideal body weight (IBW), by ideal body surface area (IBSA) and by height squared (ml/h2). ResultsA total of 1046 healthy volunteers (382 female, 38%), mean age 38 ± 10.4 years (range 30–48 years) and body mass index 23.6 kg/m2 (22–25 kg/m2) were analyzed. Mean and normal values were: LAV/BSA 18.7 + 3.15 ml/m2 (range 15–21 ml/m2), LAV/ht 26.0 ± 4.5 ml/m, (range 17–35 ml/m), LAV/ht2 16 ± 2.8 ml/m2 (range 10.4–21.6 ml/m2) and LAV/ht2.7 8.71 ± 2.2 ml/m2.7 (range 6.98–13.58 ml/m2.7). Using ROC curve analysis, LAV/h 1.72 had the highest AUC and the best predictive value to identify LA enlargement but not very different from LAV/BSA. Ideal BSA and ideal body weight as a denominator did not provide any incremental value. ConclusionNormal values for LAV indexed for height, weight, body surface area by three different methods of height as an allometric parameter are described in normal Indian individuals. We reinforce that LA volume indexation for BSA is an acceptable and robust method in non-obese Indian subjects. Indexing for height 1.72 is probably slightly superior method to evaluate LAV.

Diversity and Abundance of Plankton From Peunaga, Cut Ujong Estuary, Meulaboh, West Aceh

ABSTRACTThe research aims to determine the structure of the plankton community in the waters of Gampong Peunaga Cut Ujong, Meureubo, Meulaboh, West Aceh. The study was conducted in September 2023. The collection point consisted of 3 stations, and sampling was carried out at high tide with three repetitions. The filtering process uses a plankton net with a mesh size of 30 µm. Phytoplankton at the research location consists of five classes, namely Cyanophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, and Dinophyceae. Meanwhile, zooplankton consists of 7 groups consisting of Protozoa, Rotifera, Crustacea, Polychaeta, Gastropoda, Pelecypoda, and Nematoda. Phytoplankton has the highest percentage in the Bacillariophyceae class, reaching 71.7%, and the lowest 1% (Dinophyceae, Euglenophyceae, and Chlorophyceae). The abundance of phytoplankton at station three during the study ranged between 2,025,600 cells/m3 - 6,710,400 cells/m3 and zooplankton in the range of 23,400 ind/m3 - 33,480 ind/m3. The average diversity index (H') for phytoplankton was 1.04, the uniformity index (E) was 0.40, and the dominance index (C) was 0.50. Meanwhile, zooplankton has values H' (1.42), E (0.65), and D (0.36). To maintain the Peunaga estuary area as an ideal buffer area, it is recommended to regularly monitor the community structure of aquatic biota (plankton, benthos, and fish).Keywords: buffer ecosystem, community structure, dominance index, Navicula sp.

The MAPSTROKE project: A computational strategy to improve access to acute stroke care.

Global access to acute stroke treatment is variable worldwide, with notable gaps in low and middle-income countries (LMIC), especially in rural areas. Ensuring a standardized method for pinpointing the existing regional coverage and proposing potential sites for new stroke centers is essential to change this scenario. To create and apply computational strategies (CSs) to determine optimal locations for new acute stroke centers (ASCs), with a pilot application in nine Latin American regions/countries. Hospitals treating acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and meeting the minimum infrastructure requirements per structured protocols were categorized as ASCs. Hospitals with emergency departments, noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) scanners, and 24/7 laboratories were identified as potential acute stroke centers (PASCs). Hospital geolocation data were collected and mapped using the OpenStreetMap data set. A 45-min drive radius was considered the ideal coverage area for each hospital based on the drive speeds from the OpenRouteService database. Population data, including demographic density, were obtained from the Kontur Population data sets. The proposed CS assessed the population covered by ASCs and proposed new ASCs or artificial points (APs) settled in densely populated areas to achieve a target population coverage (TPC) of 95%. The observed coverage in the region presented significant disparities, ranging from 0% in the Bahamas to 73.92% in Trinidad and Tobago. No country/region reached the 95% TPC using only its current ASCs or PASCs, leading to the proposal of APs. For example, in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, the introduction of 132 new centers was suggested. Furthermore, it was observed that most ASCs were in major urban hubs or university hospitals, leaving rural areas largely underserved. The MAPSTROKE project has the potential to provide a systematic approach to identify areas with limited access to stroke centers and propose solutions for increasing access to AIS treatment. Data used for this publication are available from the authors upon reasonable request.

Characteristics and controlling factors of the unconformity-related carbonate reservoir: a case study from Sinian Shuiquan Formation, Tarim Basin, northwestern China

Deep-buried marine carbonate reservoirs in the Tarim Basin present challenges for exploration. A regional unconformity in dolomite at the top surface of the Shuiquan Formation makes the carbonate rocks ideal reservoirs. This study determines the unconformity belt distribution, lithology, reservoir space types and the controlling factors of the Shuiquan Formation, to establish a paleokarst development model and predict the favourable exploration targets. By flattening the seismic-event section and tracking truncation points on the seismic profiles, the unconformity area and denudation trends of the Shuiquan Formation are identified. The denudation area appears on a NEE-trending plane as a band with a width of 10–20 km and a thickness that expands from the depression to the slope and uplift. The Sinian Shuiquan Formation developed in a carbonate platform–tidal flat environment. Outcrop, core, well logging, and thin-section observations reveal that the lithology of the Shuiquan Formation consists of crystalline dolomite and granular dolomite, with pore types that include intercrystalline dissolution pores, intercrystalline pores and structural fractures. Unconformity, karstification and tectonic activity with atmospheric freshwater leaching, storage space and communication channels, respectively, are considered crucial factors influencing carbonate reservoir formation in the study area. A prediction model for the carbonate reservoirs in the Tadong area shows that the strong karst belt on the slope is the ideal area for forming a carbonate reservoir.