Islamic Ideas Research Articles

Social Problems of Islam in Modern Indonesia in Muslim Academic Periodicals

The purpose of the article is to analyse the modern Muslim intellectual tradition in Indonesia in the context of analysing the social problems of Islam. The novelty of the study lies in a comprehensive and comparative analysis of the main trends and directions in the development of Muslim social thought in modern Indonesia. Methodologically, the article is based on the principles proposed in intellectual and social history, which allows us to perceive Muslim intellectuals involved in the study of the social problems of the Ummah as an imagined community, and their ideas as invented traditions. The article analyses 1) the theoretical and methodological foundations of modern Indonesian sociology of Islam, 2) national specifics and regional features of the development of Islam in Indonesia in modern Muslim thought, 3) the problems of transformation and contradictions of the radicalization of Islam through the prism of understanding and interpreting this dimension of the modern social history of Islam. It is assumed that Muslim intellectuals make a significant contribution to the consolidation of modern identity by analysing both the social characteristics and characteristics of the Ummah, as well as the threats faced by the Indonesian model of Islam in a secular society in the context of the actualization of the ideas of radical Islam. The author's main conclusions include several points: 1) professional Muslim intellectuals make a major contribution to the development of modern Muslim sociology, 2) specialised journals published by Islamic universities play a leading role in the production and relaying of social knowledge based on Islam, 3) modern Muslim intellectual tradition is the subject to fragmentation, but, in general, the scientific tradition of the Ummah actualizes moderate trends in Islamic Sociology, based on the principles of interdisciplinarity.

The Conciliarist Idea of Islam in the Quattrocento—Prelude and Legacy

This contribution intends to examine the impact of Conciliarism (1414–1439) on the Christian vision of Islam in the Quattrocento. The analysis of the thought of bishops such as Nicholas of Cusa (d. 1464) and John of Segovia (d. 1458) is understandable only through the evolution of the Latin world with regard to Islam, moving from the Corpus Toletanum (12th century) and the impact of the Crusades in the Levant (1096–1291) and in Europe. This forwardness is rooted in the process of “Islamic Christianization,” an analytical operation lasting three centuries, during which Koranic Christology was to play a primary role. It will be through this “Christ-centric” process that from the Renaissance, the Ottoman empire, the great enemy of Western Christianity, will be appreciated for some of its peculiar facets. The weakening of the concept of heresy and of Catholic ecclesiastical authoritarianism in decreeing what heresy was probably one of the “indirect” outcomes of that dialogical “Moment of Vision” between Christianity and Islam. The further fragmentation of the Church of Rome, after the failure of Conciliarism and the outgrowth of the reformed Churches in the 16th century, favored a preliminary different understanding of the religiosity of others.

Rethinking gendered anti-Muslim racism in a relational matrix of race and gender

Gendered ideas of Muslims and Islam are one of the central organising principles of anti-Muslim racism. However, discussions around gendered anti-Muslim racism often ignore ‘Muslim men’ as a gendered category despite ideas about ‘Muslim women’ being constructed in direct relation to (often implicitly assumed presence of) their male counterparts. As problematised by Alimahomed-Wilson (2020), historical anti-Muslim racist representations of Muslim men as violent and oppressive have not been often considered in these gendered perspectives, but instead treated as a ‘gender-neutral’ facet of anti-Muslim racism. Developing on previous works, our research findings highlight that anti-Muslim racism is inherently gendered, not only because women are disproportionately targeted in Islamophobic attacks but because of its gendered essence. Informed by feminist scholars, our understanding of gender is a relational matrix between men and women upon which we elaborate this gendered foundation of anti-Muslim racism. Anti-Muslim racist ideologies are premised on myths and stereotypical ideas which claim that: 1) Islam is an inherently misogynistic religion; 2) ‘Muslim men’ are therefore inherently violent and oppressive, primarily towards Muslim women, but also backwards and unable to govern themselves or their communities and, as such, are in need of correction or control (Abu-Lughod, 2013; Farris, 2017; Kumar, 2012; inter alia). In this article, building on the previous analyses of the gendered aspect of anti-Muslim racism and our research findings based on fieldwork with Muslim communities in Ireland (n = 193), we argue that anti-Muslim racism is gendered not only because it affects women more, but also because: 1) its underlying gendered racial ideology constructs Muslim women as the passive Other of assumed ‘violent Muslim masculinity’; 2) ‘Western liberal’ anti-Muslim discourses, claiming to be vying for the liberation of all women, assume it as their ‘duty’ to save ‘Muslim women’; 3) with ‘white feminism’ often providing the moral ground for this saviour image, ignoring Muslim women's emancipatory agency and politics.

تحفظ ماحول سے متعلق قرآنی ضوابط و حدیثی اصولوں کا ارتباطی مطالعہ اور ان کی عصری معنویت

The relevance of religious precepts in preserving nature has increased dramatically because of the worsening ecological conditions and the effects of global warming. The present research explores the concepts of ecological responsibility that appear in the Quran and Hadith, assessing their applicability and significance in the modern world. The aim is to clarify the fundamental connection between ecological morality and Islamic teachings, so adding to the conversation on protecting the planet and long-term growth. This study especially attempts to find and analyze Hadith and Quranic passages that highlight the preservation of the environment, evaluate their applicability in the modern era for advancing long-term viability and create strategies for incorporating these lessons into green laws and activities. A qualitative strategy is used, fusing correlative research and analysis of material. The article attempts to show how Islamic ideas can guide and improve preservation of the environmental activities, bridging the disparity between faith-based beliefs and modern environmental habits. The study highlights the theoretical potential of Islamic ecological morals to support worldwide sustainable development goals by placing identified rules within Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) and legal principles and creating helpful suggestions for decision-makers, theologians, and environmental activists. The overall objective of the research is to promote more environmentally friendly and peaceful coexistence with nature by encouraging Muslim communities and others to recommit to the ecological preservation ideals outlined in the Quran and Hadith.

A moral-based curriculum to improve civilization and human resource development in Bangladesh

This study investigates the necessity of creating an ethical curriculum based on Islamic ideas in Bangladesh’s educational system. Bangladesh proffers a distinctive backdrop for incorporating Islamic principles into its educational framework as a nation with a varied cultural and religious background. Qualitative methodologies were used to analyze this investigation. It covered a difference of research papers, books, and articles to inspect the social, cultural, and educational elements of implementing a curriculum, primarily contributing to the discussion of ethical education in Islamic culture. This study investigates the challenges and opportunities this effort gives, emphasizing the importance of inclusivity, cultural sensitivity, and a balanced approach to education. The study showed that teaching of ethical education in schools is not having a satisfactory effect on the students and this is because the curriculum of the book on ethical education is concise. The analysis of the impact of Islamic education on ethical education is compressed.

Risālat al-Sheikh Asnāwī al-Quds al-Jāwī: Rebuttal of Jawi Ulama against Fatwa of the Meccan Ulama

This article is carried out to discuss the rebuttal of Jawi ulama, K.H. Raden Muḥammad Asnawi Kudus (1861-1959), against the fatwa of the muftī of Mecca, Sheikh ‘Abdullāh al-Zawāwī (1850-1925), in the early twentieth century. Asnawi’s rebuttal was written in an Arabic manuscript from Banyuwangi entitled Risālat al-Sheikh Asnawī al-Quds al-Jāwī and digitized by the DREAMSEA project DS 0042 00001. The pages contain rebuttal of Asnawi against al-Zawāwī’s fatwa regarding the legal status of reading hagiography or manāqib of Sheikh ‘Abd al-Qādir al-Jaylānī (1078-1166). The manuscript shows the initial response of traditionalist ulama of Jawi to the issue of modernist Islam discussed in the Malay-Indonesia archipelago. Asnawi strongly denied the Meccan muftī’s fatwa, which is influenced by the ideas of reformist-modernist Islam. This debate marks the dynamics of the social-intellectual environment of Muslims in Mecca and Southeast Asia in the early twentieth century.

برصغیر میں مثنوی معنوی کی اُردو شرح نویسی: بیسویں صدی کے تنا ایک مطالعہ

After the beginning of the 20th century and the British domination, such fundamental changes took place at every level of the Indo-Islamic civilization. The majority of the scholars who were fierce in Islam had fallen in front of limited knowledge, communism, capitalism, liberalism and nationalism. In such a difficult time, Islamic thinkers and Sufi saints equipped with Islamic and modern knowledge step ahead and presented themselves for the service of religion. These Islamic thinkers popularized the teachings of Masnavi Manawi through their compilations, articles and various lectures. However, there is historical evidence that these Sufis and their caliphs continued to give priority to the 'Musnawi Maanwi' in their teachings. In this way, the Islamic ideas and thoughts contained in Masnavi Manawi became popular among the people. As if Masnavi has a big hand in the renaissance of Muslims in the subcontinent, as if Masnavi dominates the entire history of Islamic education in other senses. It has been more or less eight hundred years since Maulana Jalaluddin Rumi (1207-1273) left this world. During this long period, almost every period shows a large number of works on the Masnavi, which gives clear evidence of the popularity and universality of the Masnavi. Masnavi is a book of divine mysteries. Therefore, this valuable work has the status of an inspired book in Iran, Turkey and the Indian subcontinent. In view of the importance and usefulness of Masnavi, many scholars, Sufis and modern thinkers wrote exegesis on it for the convenience of the people. In this article, this exegesis (explanations) will be studied briefly.

In-between the West and the other: Postcolonial contradictions in Korean students’ understandings of Islam

ABSTRACT This study investigated how Korean students understand Islam, Islamic cultures, and Muslims by conducting open-ended, task-based interviews with 29 participants. Findings indicate the students believed that Islamic customs and cultures stalled in premodern periods and that Islamic ideas could not harmonise with the values of present-day society and might even be dangerous. At the same time, students showed sympathy towards Muslims, recognising them as marginalised throughout the world, including in Korean society. These contradictory ideas are discussed in relation to the postcolonial context in South Korea: students’ perceptions of Islam are situated in a unique context involving colonial experiences of being oppressed intertwined with Westernised perspectives. By revealing the conflicting understandings of Islam among non-Western students, this study adds complexity to the previous literature on Islamophobic understandings of students in Western countries.

Ahmad Moftizadeh and the Idea of the Islamic Government: A Discursive Tradition Analysis in the Field of Political Islam

This article explores the idea of political Islam as a discursive tradition within the context of Iranian Kurdistan. It challenges the prevailing essentialist and universalist approaches commonly used in the analysis of political Islam, advocating for a more adaptable and comprehensive interpretation. By conceptualizing political Islam as a discursive tradition, this study sheds light on the complex interconnections, configurations, and historical contingencies influencing Islamist discourses and movements. The paper argues that political Islam should be examined in relation to other phenomena and discourses, acknowledging its dynamic nature within specific temporal and spatial contexts. Focusing on an influential yet underexplored Islamist discursive tradition in Iranian Kurdistan during the 1970s and 1980s, the research acknowledges the hybrid nature of Islamist discourses, drawing from diverse traditions to fulfill particular objectives. In particular, it explores the perspectives of Ahmad Moftizadeh, a Sunni Kurdish Islamist and the founder of the Maktab Quran (MQ). This study investigates Moftizadeh’s views on the Islamic government, positioning it within the framework of discursive tradition. It analyzes his core categories and inquiries within Islamist thought, notably emphasizing Moftizadeh’s alignment of the Islamic government with the Islamic tradition of the Shura, highlighting its central role in the Islamist discursive tradition.

AL-SUHRAWARDĪ’S PHILOSOPHY CONTEXTUALIZED

When in 1868, Alfred von Kremer (1828–89) in his Geschichte der herrschenden Ideen des Islams (“History of the Ruling Ideas of Islam”) introduced al-Suhrawardī for the first time to a Western readership, he presented him as a freethinking Sufi devoted to “theosophy.” In a long chapter on Sufism, al-Suhrawardī appears under the heading “anti-Islamic tendencies.” Von Kremer characterized al-Suhrawardī's thought as a balanced mixture of three sources: Neoplatonic philosophy, a Zoroastrian theory of light, plus Islamic monotheism. “According to the Arab biographers, his teaching was aimed at the destruction of the existing religion, which, however, they say of anyone who dared to oppose the ruling orthodox party.” Expressing views that openly contradict the ruling religion, von Kremer wrote, meant putting one's life in danger. In accordance with that explanation, al-Suhrawardī died as “a martyr for his convictions” after the all too powerful group of orthodox scholars obtained his death sentence from Saladin.

Boosting the Achievement of Internalization of Islamic Values with the Quantum Learning Model

Objective: This study aims to proving the effectiveness of quantum learning in increasing the achievement of internalization of Islamic values for kindergarten students. Bustanul Athfal Kindergarten is Aisyiyah's early childhood education institution. There, the organization of Islamic education, which aims to implant Islamic ideas in children from an early age so that they grow virtue-driven personalities, has become vital. It is expected that students have a very fundamental understanding (internalized) of their religious convictions and love for Islam from an early age. Methods: The study used an experimental method with a two-group quasi-experimental design. The research subjects were 114 students from five kindergarten subjects, divided into the experiment of quantum learning model group and the control group (conventional model). To collect data, the researchers employed the authentic Islamic value assessment model as call MANIS. The data were then analyzed by t-test and N-Gain analysis. Results and Conclusion: The t-test findings, first, demonstrated a substantial distinction between the quantum learning model and conventional model. According to the N-Gain results, the quantum learning model was more successful than conventional model model. Consistently, the quantum model outperformed the conventional group in terms of achievement and efficiency. So, the quantum learning model is efficient in increasing the achievement of students' internalization of Islamic values. Recommendation: for the next teacher are to adopt the Quantum Learning Model in their learning process, especially in kindergarten, because this research shows that the model is effective in encouraging the achievement of internalization of Islamic values in children.

The Urgency of Curriculum and Model of Progressive Islamic Education in Realizing Agrarian Justice in Indonesia (A Study on Agrarian Pesantren Organized by Front Nahdliyin for Natural Resource Sovereignty)

This article describes the urgency of the progressive Islamic education curriculum in the Agrarian Islamic Boarding School organized by the Nahdiyyin Front for Natural Resource Sovereignty (FNKSDA) in the context of the struggle to achieve agrarian justice. This empirical research with a qualitative approach resulted in the conclusion that in the material aspect, the Agrarian Islamic Boarding School has an urgency to overcome the increasingly severe phenomenon of inequality and the agrarian and environmental crisis. In the ideational aspect, Agrarian Islamic Boarding Schools are also very important for introducing progressive Islamic ideas and at the same time providing examples of their actualization in dealing with agrarian problems. Agrarian Islamic boarding schools, in the end, are very useful in providing students with the capacity to research and strive for the emancipation of society from social-ecological problems in the spirit of cirital-humanist-religous education.

Konseptualisasi Cara Pandang Islamisasi Bahasa

Similar terms are frequently heard in several languages, yet every language has its unique viewpoint. As a result, conceptual and semantic shifts within a language are frequent. Nevertheless, problems occur when these modifications are made to important Islamic jargon. It is well recognized that Islam and Arabic are closely related. The Qur'anic text is written in Arabic, which offers a strong basis for the language's semantic perpetuity. The purpose of this study is to investigate how stable the Arabic-Islamic language is and how meaning changes affect important terms in Islam. The research method used is library research, with data collection techniques involving the examination of books as primary sources and journals and articles related to the research topic as secondary sources. The results of the study suggest that certain languages that share terminology with important terms in Islam but have different meanings should be Islamized. The goal of language Islamization is to adapt Western viewpoints of a language to those of Islam, particularly with regard to upholding Islamic ideas. Although Arabic and other languages share many phrases, it is imperative to maintain the Islamic ideals and continuity of meaning in the vocabulary used.

GERAKAN DAN GAGASAN ISLAM NUSANTARA DI INDONESIA

This article examines changes and developments in the concept of Islamic thought in the archipelago, especially in Indonesia. This study examines Islamic thought throughout Indonesian culture and history. This journal examines the role of intellectuals, literature and religious institutions that have shaped Islamic identity in Indonesia from the beginning of the spread of Islam to the present. In addition, this research emphasizes interactions and conversations between Islam and local culture, which reflects the plurality and tolerance that characterize the Islamic paradigm in the archipelago. This journal provides in-depth insight into the unique contribution and complexity of Islamic thought in constructing intellectual identity in Indonesia by investigating the history of Islamic thought in Indonesia. This article will also explain how liberal Islamic ideas developed in Indonesia, the main points of liberal Islamic thought, and also in this article will explain the challenges of Islam in the current era of globalization in the archipelago.

Cultural Beliefs of Kejawen as Life Form of the Javanese in Islamic Theology Perspective

Kejawen is the belief of a multi-ethnic people on the Indonesian island of Java. Kejawen philosophy is based on Javanese thinkers' religious beliefs. This study aims to analyze the cultural beliefs of Kejawen from an Islamic Theology perspective with the objectives of this study are to determine the ritual of Kejawen in daily life from Islamic perspective and the materials used such as flowers and offerings in Kejawen which will be studied in Islamic perspective. This is an ethnographic study with the location of this study being in the Special Region of Yogyakarta and Solo. Documentation and observation are the instruments which are used for this study. The result found that Kejawen is an example of this fusion, with many Islamic elements. In Kejawen, God is known as Sang Hyang Taya, which is connected to the Islamic idea of Allah. Muslims believe that Allah is the one God and that no other gods exist. From an Islamic theological stance, Kejawen emphasizes the importance of inner spirituality, human experience, and the interconnection of all things in the cosmos. There are many connections between it and Islamic ideas, including as the concept of God and the power of prayer.

The Essence of Intentions in Constructing Agency in the Indonesian Muslim Intellectual Community

Background The Institute for the Study of Islamic Thought and Civilization (INSISTS) is an Indonesian Muslim intellectual organization with agents envisioning the future through writing. From 2003 to 2023, INSISTS agents conducted various activities such as studies, lectures, and writing about various topics continually associated with the Islamic worldview. Despite the fact that each agent’s capacity is different, they act under a shared vision, specifically spreading Islamic ideas and forming Islamic civilization. Each agent has the intention to change the world around him through writing. Objective This paper seeks to examine the intention to imagine whether the future is the main component that forms its agency or it is a component that complements other agency’s components, such as cultural construction and power relations. Methodology This paper is an ethnographic study of the Jakarta INSISTS community, including participants’ observation, in-depth interviews, and researchers’ involvement in joined discussions. As a qualitative research method, this paper also uses a literature study on books written by INSISTS agents. Conclusion This paper shows the capacity of intention to envision that the future is important and has a significant impact on the behavior of everyday agents in spreading Islamic thought. The intention is formed from religious memory, cultural memory, causality, cause and the effect affecting the agent and the agent’s focus on intellectual work such as writing books and organizing in the spirit of ukhuwah Islamiyah or Islamic brotherhood. They also shape this intentional ability with innovation to produce new knowledge through exploratory studies. The writings of INSISTS agents are motivated to carry out synergy between agents in the form of spreading Islamic thought as the basic foundation of the formation of Islamic civilization. Writing books is an example of how agents synergize for the INSISTS community

ISLAM AND NEO-MODERNISM IN INDONESIA: REVISITING NURCHOLISH MADJID AND ABDURRAHMAN WAHID’S THOUGHT ON CIVIL SOCIETY

Nurcholish Madjid and Abdurrahman Wahid are regarded as two of Indonesia's most influential Muslim intellectuals at the turn of the twentieth century. Adapting the concept of Barton (1997), both Madjid and Wahid are not only prominent public intellectuals but also can be considered intellectual ulama, scholars who combine the best of classical scholarship and intellectual leadership with modern secular and Islamic learning and participated alongside other public intellectuals in Indonesia's civil society forums. In addition, Greg Barton labels these personalities and characteristics of thought as Neo-Modernists or Neo-Modernist thinkers. This paper examines the interpretation of Madjid, who studied in a more Western academic culture, and Wahid, who studied in a Middle-Eastern country, on civil society as the manifestation of both Neo-Modernism's thought, followed by a discussion on the similarities and differences between the two ideas. Through an exploratory and comparative analysis, this study reveals that the Neo-Modernism interpretation of civil society articulated by both can be seen in their progressive thought towards Islam and society, Madjid with his idea of 'secularization' and further changed into 'de-sacralization'; while Wahid with his thinking on the indigenization of Islam (pribumisasi Islam). Their thoughts introduce an open, inclusive, progressive understanding of the relationship between Islam and civil society, asserting social pluralism and modernity and stressing the need for tolerance and understanding. Moreover, this paper also argues that both interpretations of Islam and civil society have been constructive for Indonesia in promoting democratic reforms, strengthening the importance of the Pancasila (the five pillars) foundation and state constitution, not religious sectarianism (theocracy), thus refuting the notion that Islam is incompatible with democracy and pluralism and assisting Indonesian society in the productive synthesis of Islamic ideas and modern concepts such as democracy, liberalism, and secularism.

فلسفۂ اقبال اور اسلامی معیشت واقتصادیات: ایک مطالعہ

Iqbal was a great philosopher of the 20th century. He presented philosophical ideas and theories. Iqbal has examined economic philosophy in the context of feudal economic system, capitalist system, Marxist and Islamic ideas. Iqbal's economic thoughts are openly expressed in "ʻIlm-Ul-Iqtiesād” and his poetry. Iqbal wants Islamic economic system. Provision of universal human rights, equal distribution of wealth and equal opportunities for progress of mankind. Which can be achieved through Islamic economic system.

Developing employee motivation index: McClelland and Maqasid Shariah

Purpose Many scholars have primarily disregarded employee motivation in the context of Western and Islamic ideas. To better understand employee motivation, this paper aims to explore a novel approach of fusing McClelland’s needs theory (i.e. achievement, power and affiliation) with Maqasid Shariah. Design/methodology/approach This study adopts a theoretical research design. There will be a thorough literature study of McClelland’s theory, Maqasid Shariah, and employee motivation. Qualitative content analysis is used to examine and compile pertinent ideas. To give a thorough framework for comprehending employee motivation from both Western and Islamic ethical viewpoints, McClelland’s theory and Maqasid Shariah are integrated. Findings This paper has conceptualized the integration of Maqasid Shariah’s five requirements with McClelland’s need theory. It is suggested that Maqasid Shariah and McClelland’s need theory be combined to understand employee motivation. For employees, the integration of McClelland’s need theory and Maqasid Shariah entails developing a work environment that attends to their many needs, is consistent with Islamic principles, encourages justice and equity, supports both professional and personal development and promotes social responsibility. By combining McClelland’s need theory and Maqasid Shariah, 15 propositions are developed to explain employee motivation. The study offers a measurement index to explain employee motivation based on the two theories. Research limitations/implications The integration of McClelland’s theory of need and Maqasid Shariah offers expected positive implications. By considering the cultural and religious context in Islamic societies, researchers can adopt a more sensitive approach to studying motivation. This blend provides a holistic understanding of motivation, incorporating individual needs and broader ethical dimensions. Studies may explore the impact on prosocial behavior, organizational values, leadership practices and employee well-being. Understanding the alignment between personal motives and ethical principles can benefit organizations in diverse workplaces, emphasizing long-term sustainability and fostering employee engagement and commitment. Practical implications The integration of McClelland’s theory and Maqasid Shariah shows the potential implications to increase employee motivation. This study contributes significantly to Maqasid Shariah theory in business research by guiding ethical decision-making aligned with Islamic values, fostering inclusive workplaces and offering strategies for boosting employee morale. It emphasizes ethical practices, legal compliance and community engagement, while also encouraging sustainable business models that consider societal well-being and the environment. Originality/value This paper provides its unique value by being among the first to integrate McClelland’s theory and Maqasid Shariah and providing an innovative approach in developing a new measurement index in the context of employee motivation.

Ruang Lingkup Ekonomi dalam Perspektif Islam

The scope of Islamic Economics is essentially the same as the traditional financial scope that we have recognised thus far. however, there are some of variations in concepts that consist of, among others, the prohibition of usury, playing, and uncertainty in transactions. The simple philosophy of economics, both traditional and monetary in Islam, prohibits flowering of money. but, conventional economics then deviates in this regard. Islamic economics is built on the idea of Islam, consequently it is an crucial a part of the faith of Islam. Islamic economics follows Islamic faith in various factors, and is an embodiment of financial conduct based on Islamic teachings which incorporates a way to view financial troubles, analyze, and endorse alternative answers to numerous economic problems. Islamic monetary scope consists of its history, muamalah fiqh, social machine, fundamental policies( which include zakat, infaq, waqf, prohibiting maisir, gharar, and usury), including macroeconomic elements, authorities rules( regulator) in its development, and additionally the system recording( accounting) that ought to be used.