Design Ideas Research Articles

Chip−like high−entropy oxide catalysts enhance fast sulfur evolution reaction for long−life lithium−sulfur batteries

Many catalysts have shown excellent activity for the sulfur reduction reaction (SRR), but sluggish electrochemistry kinetics have hindered the development of lithium–sulfur batteries. It has been found that the activity of catalysts for the sulfur evolution reaction (SER) plays a crucial role in determining the overall reaction kinetics. To address this issue, the rational design of catalysts is crucial. Here, we proposed a popular rule to accelerate SER by using chip–like high–entropy perovskite oxide La0.7Sr0.3(Fe0.2Co0.2Ni0.2Zn0.2Mn0.2)O3-δ (LMO–HEO) as advanced electrocatalysts. The strong interaction between the adjacent metal atoms in different metals of LMO–HEO electrocatalysts could lead to a "cocktail effect", which not only greatly improved the catalytic capacity toward sulfur species, but also accelerated the oxidation reaction kinetics of Li2S. As a result, the S/La0.7Sr0.3(Fe0.2Co0.2Ni0.2Zn0.2Mn0.2)O3-δ cathodes delivered excellent cyclic stability with a capacity decay of only 0.025% after 1200 cycles at 2 C. This work has provided a rational design idea for new multifunctional electrocatalysts with high catalytic capacity.

Developing Positive Design with Innovative Thinking Framework: A design Pedagogical Approach to Enhance Subjective Well-being

Design thinking is the foundation of professional design education, and the shift from zero to professional design skill involves the completion of the transition from single-mindedness to independent and innovative thinking. In this exploratory study on design teaching, we build a novel teaching model by drawing on the connection between students' self-transcendent knowledge and formal knowledge in design thinking. Based on the Design for Happiness framework (DfH), this study uses Positive Emotional Granularity cards (PEG) to stimulate students to identify and categorize various positive emotions. We matched 15 furniture-related positive emotion keywords, summarized the corresponding design strategies, and subsequently generated Design for Happy Furniture cards (DfHF). We looked at new structural reorganizations of design teaching resources and effective teaching models and examples that might be used in course delivery. This study used the USE scale for quantitative analysis and triangulation for qualitative data analysis. The results indicate that this method is crucial for making it easier to convert design ideas into practice and for enhancing the efficiency of instructional techniques in a specific design procedure. The bottom-up approach is beneficial for creating sets of cards and design strategies, as well as for utilizing the cards in innovative ways to enhance students' creativity, engagement, and self-efficacy. DfHF cards are a valuable tool for promoting motivation and facilitating the constructive learning of creative skills. They not only improve students' creative thinking abilities but also expedite the design decision-making process and prioritize emotional integration and user well-being.

A Dynamic-Varying Parameter Enhanced ZNN Model for Solving Time-Varying Complex-Valued Tensor Inversion With Its Application to Image Encryption.

Time-varying complex-valued tensor inverse (TVCTI) is a public problem worthy of being studied, while numerical solutions for the TVCTI are not effective enough. This work aims to find the accurate solution to the TVCTI using zeroing neural network (ZNN), which is an effective tool in terms of solving time-varying problems and is improved in this article to solve the TVCTI problem for the first time. Based on the design idea of ZNN, an error-adaptive dynamic parameter and a new enhanced segmented signum exponential activation function (ESS-EAF) are first designed and applied to the ZNN. Then a dynamic-varying parameter-enhanced ZNN (DVPEZNN) model is proposed to solve the TVCTI problem. The convergence and robustness of the DVPEZNN model are theoretically analyzed and discussed. In order to highlight better convergence and robustness of the DVPEZNN model, it is compared with four varying-parameter ZNN models in the illustrative example. The results show that the DVPEZNN model has better convergence and robustness than the other four ZNN models in different situations. In addition, the state solution sequence generated by the DVPEZNN model in the process of solving the TVCTI cooperates with the chaotic system and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) coding rules to obtain the chaotic-ZNN-DNA (CZD) image encryption algorithm, which can encrypt and decrypt images with good performance.

Pyridalthiadiazole-Based Molecular Chromophores for Defect Passivation Enables High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells.

Passivation of defects at the surface and grain boundaries of perovskite films has become one of the most important strategies to suppress nonradiative recombination and improve optoelectronic performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, two conjugated molecules, abbreviated as CPT and SiPT, are designed and synthesized as the passivator to enhance both efficiency and stability of PSCs. The CPT and SiPT contain pyridalthiadiazole (PT) units, which can coordinate with undercoordinated Pb2+ at the surface and grain boundaries to passivate the defects in perovskite films. In addition, with the incorporation of CPT, the crystallized perovskite films exhibit more uniform grain size and smoother surface morphology relative to the control ones. The efficient passivation by CPT also results in better charge extraction and less carrier recombination in PSCs. Consequently, the CPT-passivated PSCs yield the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.14% together with better storage stability under ambient conditions, which is enhanced relative to the control devices with a PCE of 22.14%. Meanwhile, the SiPT-passivated PSCs also show a slightly enhanced performance with a PCE of 22.43%. Our findings provide a new idea for the future design of functional passivating molecules towards high-performance PSCs.

사회 문화적 변화의 관점에서 본 1950년대 미국 주방 디자인과 여성의 라이프스타일에 대한 연구

This study delves into the social context and cultural changes of 1950s America to explore the interaction between women’s lifestyles and modern kitchen design. Through literature review, visual material analysis, and case studies, the study examines how adjustments in lifestyle affect women’s design needs in three aspects: physiological, functional, and psychological. Kitchen design has shifted from closed to open layouts to facilitate communication and interaction among family members. Storage solutions have become increasingly functional and personalized, offering housewives a more convenient user experience. Meanwhile, advancements in kitchen technology have reduced labor demands and improved comfort. By analyzing iconic designs such as Future Kitchens, Youngstown Cabinet Design, and Cornell Kitchens, the study explores how these designs responded to changes in women’s lifestyles. The findings reveal a mutually constraining yet facilitating relationship between women’s lifestyles and the development of kitchen design in the context of socio-cultural change, offering new perspectives and ideas for user-centered modern kitchen design.

Dynamic Progressive Failure Analysis of 3D Five-directional Braided Composites under Transverse Compression Based on Macro-scale Heterogeneous Model

At present, there are few systematic researches on macro-scale heterogeneous modeling and numerical simulation of dynamic mechanical properties of 3-D braided composites. In this paper, the parametric virtual simulation model of 3D five-directional braided composites is realized in the way of “point-line-solid” based on the integrated design idea of process-structure-performance. And the impact compression numerical simulation of the material is carried out by using multi-scale analysis method. The effects of strain rate and braiding angle on transverse impact compression properties and fracture characteristics of composites is studies and verified by comparing the test results with the numerical simulation results systematically. The dynamic failure mechanism of the matrix and fiber bundles during the impact compression process is revealed. The results show that the macro-scale heterogeneous simulation model of 3D five-directional braided composites established is effective, and the numerical simulation results agree well with the test results. The matrix fracture and shear failure of fiber bundles are presented simultaneously under transverse impact compression. The failure of fiber bundles and matrix mainly concentrates on two main fracture shear planes. And the included angle between the fracture shear planes and the vertical direction is consistent with the corresponding internal braiding angle of specimens.

A Review on the Impact of Vertical Slotted Fish Passages on Fish Populations in River Basins

The interruption of fish migration routes has a negative impact on the health of aquatic populations and ecosystems. To address this issue, vertical seam fishways are designed to assist fish in crossing dams and embankments. This article integrates the concept and design ideas of vertical seam fishways, the impact assessment of vertical seam fishway construction on fish in the watershed, as well as the problems and challenges encountered, by searching and reading relevant materials. The aim is to provide reference for ecological restoration and fish protection in hydraulic engineering.

Highly Stretchable, Transparent, Solvent-Resistant Multifunctional Ionogel with Underwater Self-Healing and Adhesion for Wearable Strain Sensors and Barrier-Free Information Transfer.

Ionogels with excellent deformability, high ionic conductivity, and a sensitive stimulus response have been widely used and rapidly developed in flexible wearable systems. However, previously reported ionogels are mainly limited to atmospheric environments applications and have difficulty meeting the requirements of solvent-resistant, self-healing, and adhesion properties in underwater environments. Herein, a multifunctional ionogel capable of underwater applications is prepared by one-step photoinitiated polymerization of a fluorine-containing monomer (2,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluorobutyl acrylate, HFBA) and acrylic acid (AA) in a hydrophobic ionic liquid ([EMIM][TFSI]). The dynamic physical interactions of hydrogen bonds and ionic dipoles endow the ionogel with remarkable transparency, tunable mechanical properties, and underwater self-healing properties. Moreover, the fluoropolymer matrix offers high resistance to water and various solvents and exhibits strong underwater adhesion on different substrates. Thus, the sensor based on the ionogel exhibits excellent sensing properties, including high sensitivity, fast response, and superior durability. In particular, the ionogel can be used as a wearable underwater sensor to perform barrier-free information transfer. This study provides a design idea for the development of underwater flexible strain sensors.

Architecturing ultra-stable multi-dimensional MXene/MAX self-supporting electrode anchored with Low-Pt for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction in harsh environments

The design of self-supporting structure is particularly important to improve the stability and electrochemical performance of hydrogen evolution reaction electrode. Here, a facile strategy for building novel ultra-stable 0D-2D-3D integrated self-supporting electrode with high conductivity, sufficient diffusion channels and large reactive surface area was proposed. In the heterostructure, 2D Ti3C2Tx flakes in-situ synthesized on 3D network porous Ti3AlC2 surface which provides the multiple reactive surface areas and aggregation resistance to facilitating 0D ultrafine Pt nanoparticles uniform anchorage. Combined with structural characterization and first-principles calculations revealed that, the highly dispersed ultrafine Pt synergistically coupling strong metal-support interactions creates a unique multifunctional catalytic interface with high stability and atomic utilization efficiency of Pt to promote the HER in acidic and seawater. The resultant self-supporting electrode (support 0.48 wt% Pt) exhibits much superior activity to 10 % commercial Pt/C (loaded on foam nickel) in 0.5 M H2SO4 (55 mV@10 mA cm−2) and simulate seawater (196 mV@10 mA cm−2) while reducing the Pt usage by 15 times. Meanwhile, the electrode also illustrates outstanding stability under high current densities (100 h@100 mA cm−2). This study provides a new design idea for developing integrated self-supporting catalytic electrodes to meet the durability of hydrogen evolution reaction applications in harsh environments.

Enhancing interior design education with artificial intelligence: A multisensory hotel design

With a focus on integrating artificial intelligence (AI) to support multisensory hotel design projects, this study presents an alternative approach to interior design education. Unlike other AI tools used in design education, this research combines text-to-image AI platforms based on Large Language Models (LLM) with the AI tool called TextFX that creates sensory cues to enable conceptual visualization. By using a distinct approach, Antalya Bilim University students are able to go beyond the limits of conventional design thinking by converting multisensory design ideas into concrete visual representations. The procedure sets a new benchmark for AI-enhanced design education that focuses on producing an inclusive environmental experience by demonstrating how AI can both increase creative expression and expand interaction with multisensory aspects.

Design and analysis of a piezoelectric energy harvesting shock absorber for light truck applications

Vehicle suspension vibration is a prevalent form of oscillation, with approximately 22.5 % of automobile energy dissipated through suspension-induced vibration. This phenomenon suggests that recovering the energy dissipated by the suspension system holds significant potential. This paper introduces a novel piezoelectric energy harvesting shock absorber (EHSA) based on non-contact magnetic force for light truck applications. The vibration of the vehicle suspension system is transformed into the rotation of a ball screw, enabling the one-way high-speed output of the rotor through a one-way bearing and planetary gear mechanism. Based on the non-contact magnetic force, the piezoelectric patches generate frequent oscillations, and a novel energy harvesting circuit is designed that efficiently converts the output of multiple piezoelectric units into usable electricity. The damping and energy harvesting characteristics of the EHSA with different external and internal variables are explored. Under sinusoidal excitation of 40 mm amplitude and 0.4 Hz frequency, the EHSA achieves a maximum output power of 7.51 W, with an average output power of 1.89 W. Furthermore, under random action, the EHSA can successfully illuminate 824 LED lights, enabling the temperature and humidity sensor to function normally. These findings indicate that the proposed EHSA can effectively harness vehicle suspension vibration to power onboard self-powered appliances while offering a new design idea for integrating vibration energy harvesters into vehicles.

Design and Fabrication of Motorized Paint Spatula Scraper

In light of the increasing demand for construction globally, this study emphasizes the importance of painters' well-being in achieving structural aesthetics. The goal of the study is to enhance the ergonomic design of the widely used Paint Spatula Scraper, promoting comfort and productivity for painters. Currently, painters still rely on manually operated tools, which can cause strain on their hands and neck from constant use. Recognizing this challenge, we aim to improve the painter's experience by replacing the conventional paint spatula scraper with a state-of-the-art Slider Crank Mechanism integrated into a DC motor. The basic idea of this innovative design is to use a DC motor, which guarantees longevity, low maintenance, and efficiency. The paint spatula scraper's functionality is improved by the sophisticated mechanism known as the Slider Crank Mechanism, which is integrated with this motor and scraper is made of premium stainless steel, its durability and corrosion resistance are guaranteed. The blade, with dimensions of 200 mm in width and 0.5mm in thickness, guarantees excellent performance while maintaining a lightweight profile for ease of use. This cutting-edge instrument promises painters a future where their work becomes more enjoyable, sustainable.

A Survey and Research on the Use of Artificial Intelligence by Chinese Design-College Students

The relationship between AI and design has attracted extensive academic attention and research, and the future relationship between AI and designers relies on current design students’ knowledge of AI, in addition to technological developments. To clarify the basic situation of Chinese design-college students’ use of AI software, the basic situation and status of using AI software to participate in design work, and the current relationship with AI, this study constructs a questionnaire on the status of the use of AI programs, with the help of the UTAUT model and the general program of design as a basis. The results of the research on 487 Chinese design-college students were analyzed by frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, etc., to clarify that currently more than 60% of design students have used AI programs, which are mainly used for data collection; providing ideas for design, e.g., when brainstorming; and conceptual ideas for design. Moreover, students generally believe that AI helps to improve personal skills and work efficiency, but the in-depth application and reliance on AI is relatively low; students hold anxiety about the development of AI, especially those who have not been exposed to AI. The education sector should focus on popularizing and deepening AI education, as well as helping students establish a correct concept of AI usage.

Aerodynamic Noise Simulation of a Super-High-Rise Building Facade with Shark-Like Grooved Skin.

The wind-driven aerodynamic noise of super-high-rise building facades not only affects the experience of use inside the building but also reduces the life cycle of building facade materials to some extent. In this paper, we are inspired by the micro-groove structure of shark skin with damping and noise reduction properties and apply bionic skin to reduce the aerodynamic noise impact of super-high-rise buildings. The aerodynamic noise performance of smooth and super-high-rise building models with bionic grooves is simulated via CFD to investigate the noise reduction performance of different bionic groove patterns, such as I-shape, ∪-shape, V-shape, and ∩-shape patterns, and their corresponding acoustic noise reduction mechanisms. This study showed that the bionic shark groove skin has a certain noise reduction effect, and the I-shaped groove has the best noise reduction effect. By applying bionic skin, the aerodynamic noise of super-high-rise buildings can be effectively reduced to improve the use experience and environmental quality of the buildings and provide a new research idea and application direction for the aerodynamic noise reduction design of building facades.

Visible light-induced self-healing fluorinated polyurethane-acrylate containing aromatic Schiff base

Light-induced self-healing materials are of great practical value due to their precise local modulation. Aromatic Schiff bases with imine bonds have self-healing property due to their fast dynamic bond exchange properties under visible light. In this paper, we prepared a fluorinated polyurethane-acrylate containing aromatic Schiff base with visible light-induced self-healing ability by Pickering emulsion polymerization. The effect of the aromatic Schiff base content on the particle size of the fluorinated polyurethane-acrylate emulsion, the hydrophobic and oleophobic, mechanical and self-healing properties of the latex films was systematically investigated. The maximum water contact angle and tensile strength of fluorinated polyurethane-acrylate latex film could reach 113.25° and 8.64 MPa, respectively. The tensile strength could be restored to 88.64 % of the original one under visible light irradiation after damage. This work is the first report on visible light-induced self-healing fluorinated polyurethane-acrylate containing aromatic Schiff base, and provides a new design idea for the development of sustainable waterborne polyurethane-acrylate.

Research on Maximum Explosive Strength and Training Methods

Explosive force is a form of fast power performance, explosive force athletes an important part of the overall level of athletic ability, the athletes' athletic performance enhancement has a vital important role, the vast majority of sports programs have a profound significance. But from the current athletes special explosive force training situation to discuss, many athletes explosive force training often lack of specialization and effectiveness, omitted the training of special explosive force, is not conducive to the athletes personal escape performance improvement. The article mainly uses the literature method to define the maximum explosive force and discusses the importance for human sports performance. Attempts from the factors affecting explosive force, explosive force training, development of explosive force training methods, explosive force training load selection, for athletes explosive force training to mention the new training design ideas.

Can 5 Minutes of Finger Actions Boost Creative Incubation?

AbstractPrevious studies suggest that the activation of the motor system – either via action, motor imagery, or brain stimulation – may increase subsequent performance on divergent thinking tasks (e.g., the alternate uses task; AUT). We tested this idea in a within-subjects design by administering the AUT using four different target objects and four different 5-min incubation tasks that differed in terms of arm and finger movements. In between-subjects designs, 0-back incubation has been shown to yield more creative responses than rest. Additionally, we included two new incubations that both involved arm actions, but differed in the amount of finger actions (Iranian dance, ballet dance). Incubation tasks involving finger actions (Iranian dance, 0-back) were predicted to increase creativity for objects that are typically manipulated with the fingers. There was a main effect of object. Alternate uses given to the paperclip were rated as more creative than those given to the other objects. With our within-subjects design, we could not replicate the previously described difference between 0-back and rest incubations. However, hypothesis-driven comparisons showed that, although the interaction of object and incubation was not significant, Iranian dance yielded more creative usages for paperclip than for sheet of paper, cup and brick, and all other incubations yielded more creative usages for paperclip than for brick. Iranian dance also generated marginally more creative usages than ballet. Our results suggest that if the hypothesized effects exist, they are likely to be small. Overall, AUT performance seems more influenced by the AUT object than by type of incubation.

Research on the development method of complex tool optimization design platform based on collaborative design idea

Research on the development method of complex tool optimization design platform based on collaborative design idea

Free-Standing Poly(vinyl benzoquinone)/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite Films as a Cathode for Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Quinones with a rapid reduction-oxidation rate are promising high-capacity cathodes for lithium-ion batteries. However, the high solubility of quinone molecules in polar organic electrolytes results in low cycle stability, while their low electric conductivity causes low utilization of electrode materials. In this article, a new p-benzoquinone derivative, poly(vinyl benzoquinone) (PVBQ), is designed and synthesized, and a solution-based method of preparing free-standing PVBQ/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) composite films is developed. PVBQ has a high theoretical specific capacity (400 mA h g-1) because of its low dead moiety mass. In the produced composite films, PVBQ nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed on RGO sheets, which endows the composite films with high electric conductivity and inhibits the dissolution of PVBQ through strong adsorption. As a result, the composite films show a high active material utilization, high practical specific capacity, and excellent cycling stability. PVBQ in the composite membrane containing 60.2 wt % RGO deliver 244 mA h g-1 capacity after 200 charge-discharge cycles at a current density of 300 mA g-1. At a current density of 1500 mA g-1, the reversible specific capacity is still 170 mA h g-1. This work provides a high-performance cathode material for lithium-ion batteries, and the molecular structure and electrode structure design ideas are also instructive for developing other organic electrode materials.

Cu2WS4 with high-exposure {0 0 1} surfaces promotes efficient charge separation in ZnIn2S4

The spatial segmentation of photogenerated carriers is crucial for achieving efficient photocatalytic H2 production (PHP) rates in photocatalyst. Design studies of crystalline catalyst facets and selective morphology control can facilitate the development of catalysts that expose more advantageous active facets. Herein, Cu2WS4/ZnIn2S4 composites are constructed by growing ZnIn2S4 nanosheets in situ on Cu2WS4 with largely exposed {001} surface. Experiments and density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the electrons of ZnIn2S4 flowed to the {001} surface of Cu2WS4, and the holes vectorially migrated to the {101} surface, during the reaction process, resulting in efficient spatial separation of the photogenerated carriers. The Cu2WS4/ZnIn2S4 achieves a PHP rate of 23.67 mmol g−1 h−1, 13.44-fold increase compared with pure ZnIn2S4. This report combines the advantages of the high-energy activity of the Cu2WS4 {001} surface to morphologically control the ratio of the {001}/{101} surfaces so that ZnIn2S4 can contact a larger area of the {001} surface. Furthermore, under the influence of crystallographic effects on the {001} and {101} surfaces, electrons and holes of ZnIn2S4 are transferred to different crystalline facets, promoting the redox reaction. This paper provides effective ideas for the rational design of photocatalysts with efficient carrier space separation.