Ide Leuciscus Idus Research Articles

Fish in Burial Practice of the Sargat Culture Population of the Early Iron Age of the Baraba Forest-Steppe (According to the Materials of the Mound No. 51 of the Ust-Tartas Burial Ground)

Purpose. The Sargat culture fish remains are still given very little attention. The purpose of this work is to present materials that testify to the use of fish in the burial practice of the Sargat population of Baraba.Finds (artefacts). In the field season of 2022, the Toguchin team of the IAET SB RAS explored the mound no. 51 of the Ust-Tartas burial ground of the Sargat culture. Among the various artifacts found on the mound territory there were objects containing animal bones, and objects containing fish remains, as well as objects containing both animal bones and fish remains.Methods. Preparation of the osteological collection of fish remains was carried out in 2022–2023 using a cameral processing method. The collection contains mainly scales, bones of the visceral part of the skeleton of the head, bones of the skull. Fragments of the axial skeleton (vertebrae, Weberian apparatus, urostyle) and pharyngeal teeth appear in a smaller number. In the pocess of the collection formation, it was found that the best preservation of samples is ensured by materials that have not been preliminary washed and cleaned: the bone structures are less brittle. Therefore, fragments of the fish skeleton were separated from the soil in the laboratory.Results. For the most part, accumulations of fish remains are represented by large specimens of older age groups (from 7+ years, mostly 10+ and more). The identified species composition of fish in samples of the Early Iron Age includes representatives of the family Cyprinidae (ide Leuciscus idus, goldfish Carassius gibelio) and family Percidae (perch Perca fluviatilis). In addition to the listed species, remains of the family Acipenseridae (sterlet Acipenser ruthenus) and the family Cyprinidae (golden crucian carp C. Carassius) were noted in the earlier objects. Object 10 stands out: it is a butt containing not only tools and animal bones, but also fish remains. For the first time, the fact of fish use in the funeral rite of the Sargatians was revealed. The fish remains in the mound testify that the population of the Sargat culture who created this site practiced fishing along with their main occupation – cattle breeding.Conclusion. Materials of the mound no. 51 of the Ust-Tartas burial ground, containing fish remains, are an example of the local population adaptation to the natural environment. The Tai tract was a natural oasis, which not only provided a forage base for livestock but also ensured an easy catch of fish. Human adaptation to the natural conditions in the Baraba region was quite successful, as evidenced by the fact that fish was a part of the funeral rite along with products of animal origin. It was often included in butts in some objects, which correlates with sacred actions.

Patterns of Phenetic Diversity and Taxonomy of the Ide Leuciscus idus (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae) from Water Bodies of Russia and Adjacent Countries

Patterns of Phenetic Diversity and Taxonomy of the Ide Leuciscus idus (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae) from Water Bodies of Russia and Adjacent Countries

Patterns of Phenetic Diversity and Taxonomy of the Ide <i>Leuciscus idus</i> (Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae) from Water Bodies of Russia and Adjacent Countries

Using the methods of population morphology, we studied the structure of phenetic diversity of the ide Leuciscus idus (L.) from the water bodies of the Russian Federation and some neighboring countries. We analysed our own collection and literature data on meristic characters of external morphology, axial skeleton, as well as the pharyngeal teeth formula. The main features contributing to population differentiation were the number of lateral line scales, total vertebrae count, caudal and pre-caudal vertebrae ratio. It was shown that the strong positive relationships of the first two features with the geographical latitude of fish habitats is associated, first of all, not with the direct influence of physical factors functionally dependent on latitude, but with particular (sub)speciation processes in river basins and dispersal of evolutionarily derived forms to the north. The results obtained are discussed in terms of evolutionary trends in the subfamily Leuciscinae and call for a taxonomic revision of the L. idus species in its current volume with elevation of the former subspecies L. idus oxianus to a species rank.

Effects of physical parameters on fish migration between a reservoir and its tributaries

Reservoirs interrupt natural riverine continuity, reduce the overall diversity of the environment, and enhance the spread of non-native fish species through suitable environments. Under favourable conditions, invasive species migrate to tributaries to benefit from local resource supplies. However, the changes in physical conditions in reservoirs that motivate fish species to migrate remain poorly understood. We analysed migration between a reservoir and its tributary in three non-native (asp Leuciscus aspius, ide Leuciscus idus, and bream Abramis brama) and two native (chub Squalius cephalus and pike Esox lucius) species equipped with radio tags. This 5-year study revealed that an increasing day length was the most general predictor of migration into the tributary in all observed species except E. lucius. Only L. aspius responded to the substantially increasing water level in the reservoir, while the migration of L. idus and S. cephalus was attenuated. Abramis brama and S. cephalus occurred more frequently in tributaries with an increase in temperature in the reservoir and vice versa, but if the difference in temperature between the reservoir and its tributary was small, then A. brama did not migrate. Our results showed that migration from the reservoir mainly followed the alterations of daylight, while responses to other parameters were species specific. The interindividual heterogeneity within the species was significant and was not caused by differences in length or sex. Our results contribute to the knowledge of how reservoirs can affect the spread of non-native species that adapt to rapid human-induced environmental changes.

Haematophagous parasites of some fish species in the Lower Irtysh

The purpose of the research is study of four fish species infected with haematophagous parasites in the rivers of the Lower Irtysh basin. Materials and methods. The work was performed in the rivers of the Lower Irtysh basin in 2017–2020. A total of 390 fish of different sex and age were examined including 47 roach (Rutilus rutilus lacustris, (Pallas)), 41 ide (Leuciscus idus, (Linnaeus, 1758)), 47 pike (Esox lucius, (Linnaeus, 1758)) and 255 Siberian sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus marsiglii (Brandt, 1833)). We took blood from the tail artery, and examined its fresh drop under a microscope, and prepared a thin smear, then dried it in the air and fixed in a mixture of 70% ethyl alcohol and diethyl ether (1 : 1) for 30 minutes. The fixed smears were dried in the air at room temperature and stained with azure and eosin at a dilution of 1 : 10 for 40 minutes. We identified species of the found parasites and calculated the prevalence of infection with standard error of the mean.Results and discussion. We found representatives of the Coccidea and Kinetoplastea classes parasitizing in fish blood. Trypanoplasma acipenseris and Haemogregarina acipenseris were recorded in the Siberian sterlet. The pike was infected with T. schulmani and H. esoci. T. schulmani was found in the blood of the ide and roach. Piscicola geometra is the main host of flagellates and sporozoans that parasitize in fish blood in the basin of the Lower Irtysh. The roach and the Siberian sterlet become infected with parasitic flagellates from the age of 1+. All examined fish were infected in age groups 2+ – 4+. Haemogregarina parasitize in the pike aged 4+ and 5+, and in the Siberian sterlet aged 1+ – 4+ and 6+ – 7+.

Advancing improvement in riverine water quality caused a non-native fish species invasion and native fish fauna recovery

The knowledge of biotic and abiotic drivers that put non-native invasive fishes at a disadvantage to native ones is necessary for suppressing invasions, but the knowledge is scarce, particularly when abiotic changes are fast. In this study, we increased this knowledge by an analysis of the biomass of most harmful Prussian carp Carassius gibelio in a river reviving from biological degradation. The species' invasion followed by the invasion's reversal occurred over only two decades and were documented by frequent monitoring of fish biomass and water quality. An initial moderate improvement in water quality was an environmental filter that enabled Prussian carp’s invasion but prevented the expansion of other species. A later substantial improvement stimulated native species’ colonization of the river, and made one rheophil, ide Leuciscus idus, a significant Prussian carp’s replacer. The redundancy analysis (RDA) of the dependence of changes in the biomass of fish species on water quality factors indicated that Prussian carp and ide responded in a significantly opposite way to changes in water quality in the river over the study period. However, the dependence of Prussian carp biomass on ide biomass, as indicated by regression analysis and analysis of species traits, suggests that the ecomorphological similarity of both species might have produced interference competition that contributed to Prussian carp’s decline.

Comparison of artificial spawning effectiveness of hCG, CPH and GnRHa in combination with dopamine inhibitors in a wild strain of ide Leuciscus idus (L.) in hatchery conditions

Optimization of artificial reproduction, by increasing the survival rate of embryos and hatching rate, is of major importance for reducing genetic diversity, especially in fish captured from their natural habitat that subsequently spawn in hatcheries. The artificial reproduction of ide, Leuciscus idus (L.) was conducted in controlled conditions. The spawning agents included: different doses of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) that was compared with common carp pituitary homogenate (CPH), Ovopel – a commercial agent for induction of spawning that contains mammalian gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue (mGnRHa) with dopamine antagonists (DA): metoclopramide (MET) and Ovaprim – a commercial agent containing salmon gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue (sGnRHa) and a dopamine antagonists (DA): domperidone (DOM). There were no ovulations in females from control groups. There were no differences between the ovulation rates (90 %) or embryo survival (> 92 %) and hatching rates (> 91 %) when there was administration of hCG doses between 500 and 1000 IU/kg. When there was comparison of different spawning agents, the ovulation rate was 100 % for all treated groups. There were the shortest and longest latency times to the time of ovulation after administration of CPH (26 h) and hCG (79 h), respectively. The greatest embryo survival (> 93 %) and hatching (> 91 %) rates occurred as a result of hCG administration with these values being slightly greater than when there was treatment with Ovaprim. The association between latency time and hatching rate indicated that when there was a slower final oocyte maturation (FOM) there were greater hatching rates.

Сообщество метозойных паразитов язя Leuciscus Idus (L.) в осенний период жизненного цикла (р. Иртыш)

The article describes the specific features of the fish stocks in the Irtysh River, the main share of which is made up of representatives of ide Leuciscus idus (Cyprinidae). The parasitic community of the Irtysh ide in the autumn period of the life cycle has been studied. A total of 15 individuals of fish of various sexes, aged 1+ to 6+, weighing 174-1,086 g, length 25.2-44.6 cm, were examined. The invasion of ide by 15 species of parasites belonging to 5 systematic groups was established: Monogenea – 2, Cestoda – 1, Trematoda – 9, Nematoda – 1, Copepoda – 2. The dominant species in this community are R. campanula and Metorchis sp (gills, fins). Monogenes have a limited presence: D. ramulosus and P. megan. There has been marked 100% infection of ide muscles with metacercaria O. felineus. Fish fins are invaded by R. campanula and Metorchis sp. in 100% of cases. The ureter is invaded by P. elongatum with EI by 13.3%. A massive parasitizes of cyprinids – S. globiporum- parasitizes in the intestines of ide with EI = 60.0%. The larval stage of R. acus was noted on the mesentery in 60.0% of the examined fish. The crustaceans E. sieboldi and T. polycolpus parasitized on the gills and fins of ide, respectively. It has been stated that the described composition of the parasitic community is typical for ide regardless of its habitat. The invasion of the Irtysh ide by the pathogen of opisthorchiasis is at a high level, the intensity of infection of ide with metacercaria O. felineus in the Irtysh is 100%, which is dangerous for the population when eating fish that have not undergone heat treatment

Optimizing fish structure in angling ponds focusing on white fish

According to new amendments of laws, commercial fishing licenses of natural waters shall not be issued from the calendar year 2016 in Hungary. However, the most settlement of white fish to angler ponds originated from natural waters. Currently, there is no sufficient quantity of fish species belonging to this group available to fulfil the settlement commitments of fish farmers. The aim of this recent study is to develop a breeding and production technology that is suitable for settlement of large quantities of this fish species of appropriate length of (4–5 cm). The following methods are investigated: aquaculture cage system (pond-in-pond system), monoculture and mixed population with different ratio of white fish in fish structure. Due to the different environmental needs of different fish species, many parameters need to be investigated, for example: stocking density, feeding, oxygen level, monoculture or mixed populations, growth potential and mortality. A preliminary experiment was carried out following the artificial propagation of ide (Leuciscus idus) following a 21-day larval rearing experiment in which the effect of different stoking density was investigated for mortality and growth. On the basis of the expected results, the optimal conditions for the aquaculture cage system will be described, regarding to the white fish stock.

Influence of the presence of ide Leuciscus idus on the boldness of common carp Cyprinus carpio

Behavioural traits (e.g., shyness vs boldness) can determine growth rates and also affect the probability of survival. We investigated behavioural changes in common carp caused by the co-occurrence of ide. The study was conducted in ten purpose-constructed experimental ponds containing both deep and shallow sections. Common carp (five individuals) were placed in each pond, but ide (two individuals of a variety called golden orfe) were placed in only half of the ponds. Three repetitions of the experiment were made, and in each repetition three observation series were conducted. Carp behaviour in every pond was noted during each series. Each observation lasted 5 min and the number of carp entries into the shallow water was counted. Each fish was used in only one repetition of the experiment. During eight of the nine observation series the common carp in ponds containing ide entered the shallow sections of the ponds significantly more often than carp kept without ide. Thus, the presence of ide influenced carp behaviour, making them bolder, which caused more frequent use of the shallow section of the ponds. We believe that carp were less stressed in the presence of ide. Thus, adding ide could be beneficial to carp, both in commercial carp production, because of the better use of the whole pond area, and also in ornamental carp breeding resulting in a higher visibility of fish.

Survival rates and the occurrence of larval malformations, including Siamese twins, following fertilization of post-ovulatory aged oocytes in ide Leuciscus idus.

Embryonic development of lower vertebrates can be influenced by many factors, especially when outside of the mother's body and under the influence of variable abiotic and biotic factors. In this study, the effects of fertilization of post-ovulatory aged (overmature) oocytes of ide Leuciscus idus on the risk of developing anomalies in ide larvae were assessed under controlled conditions. There was a negative effect of delayed fertilization of post-ovulatory aged (overmature) oocytes in the ovary on the quality of offspring, which caused reduced survival 3 days post-fertilization and at the hatching stage (68.3 vs. 81.2% and 47.2 vs. 79.7% for the overmature and mature groups, respectively). It also increased the occurrence of numerous developmental defects (19.3 vs. 0.8% for the overmature and mature groups, respectively), including the development of Siamese twins. This is the first reported case of the occurrence of Siamese twins in ide. The ide Siamese twins look like hen eggs with 2 heads and are different from 'typical' Siamese twins in fish.

ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ИНВАЗИИ МАССОВЫХ ВИДОВ КАРПОВЫХ РЫБ НИЖНЕГО ИРТЫША МЕТАЦЕРКАРИЯМИ СЕМ. OPISTHORCHIIDAE

In the basin of the Lower Irtysh, the most common types of carp fish (Cyprinidae) are ide ( Leuciscus idus ), bream ( Abramis brama ) and roach ( Rutilus rutilus ). The fish caught in the summer 2017 (20 ide specimens of 3+…7+ years old and 61 roach specimens of 1+…6+ years old) were infested by two Opisthorchiidae representatives: opisthorchosis pathogen Opisthorchis felineus and methorhoz pathogen Metorchis bilis , for which they are an intermediate hosts (a definitive host are carnivorous animals and a human). The extent of invasion by metacercariae of O. felineus was 70%, the combined infection with M. bilis - 25%. Species infested only by methorchis were not detected. Bream is invaded only by an opisthorchiasis pathogen (46.1%). Minimal values were registered in roach: degree of invasion by opisthorchis is 31.1%, degree of invasion by methorchisis is 3.3%, combined invasion occurs in 1.6% of fish. Intensity of infestation with metacercariae of O. felineus (specimens per one fish) made in average: at the age of 3+ - 180.4 specimens per one fish; at the age of 4+ - 105; 5+ - 483.4; 6+ - 938; 7+ - 22. M. bilis was registered at the age of 5+ - 8.5 specimens; 6+ - 675; 7+ - 18. In roach, the intensity of invasion of O. felineus per fish was at the age of 3+ - 33.1 specimens; 4+ - 9.3; 5+ - 7.7; 6+ - 5.3. M. bilis in roach was registered since the age of 2+ and amounted to 2 specimens per a fish; 3+ - 25; 6+ - 6. In bream the intensity of infestation of O. felineus is not high and at the age of 3+ it made 2.7; 4+ - 3.3; 5+ - 13; 6+ - 1 per a fish. The maximum abundance index of O. felineus and M. bilis was found in the population of ide and made 316.5 and 35.5 specimens; in roach AI was 21.9 and 0.8, respectively. The population of bream was least affected by opisthorchis (2.3). The high number of parasites proves that the Lower Irtysh basin is a natural seat of opisthorchosis, that is why, in order to prevent opisthorchosis and methorchisis spreading, it is recommended to strengthen the veterinary and sanitary control in places where fish products are processed and sold, as well as to extend activities on publicizing sanitary rules and preventive norms against these infections.

НЕКОТОРЫЕ МОРФОМЕТРИЧЕСКИЕ И БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ЯЗЯ LEUCISCUS IDUS (LINNAEUS, 1758) НИЖНЕГО ИРТЫША

Ide Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus, 1758) belongs to Cyprinidae family and is used in commercial and recreational fishing. Ide is an intermediate host of Opisthorchis felineus . In the control catches (summer 2015, the Lower Irtysh, Uvatsky, Tobolsky and Vagaysky regions of Tyumenskaya Oblast’) there were observed species with lengths 11.9-38.1 cm, with a total weight 45-1085 g. Some species aged 9 years old and even older. The maximum rate of linear growth was registered in ide species younger than 3 years old, at this age annual growth made 5 cm. The annual growth of four-year-old females made 5.4 cm, males - 2.8 cm. Females aged 3+ exceeded males in body weight and length. Species at the age 1+…2+ years old added 204.6% in their mass; at the age 2+…3+ years old - 65.3%, at 3+…4+ years old - 29.4%. Gender and gonad maturity were determined in species older than 2+, but not in all species. Among females aged 2+…4+ there were found species with I and II stage of gonad maturity. Females aged 5+ were spawned-out species having VI-II stage of gonad maturity (48%); female species aged 6+ having IV stage of gonad maturity made 33.4%. Among males in the age groups of 2+ and 3+ there were registered species with I stage (38.5 and 20%, respectively) and II stage (61.5 and 80%, respectively) of maturation only. Fatness degree of studied species ranged from 0 to 5. Species aged 2+ had I stage (24% species); in the aged groups the proportion of such species decreased (5+ years old - 7.8%; 6+ years old - 12.1%; 8+ years old - 5.9%); species aged 2-7 had II stage of fatness; proportion of older species also decreased. Species with III and IV stage of fatness were found more often (III stage was observed in 100% of the fish species at the age of 1+). Proportion of species with V stage was minor, it increased with age. According to the analysis of the study results, nutritive base in the basin is found satisfactory for ide growth and development.

Composition of seminal plasma and ovarian fluid in Ide Leuciscus idus and Northern pike Esox lucius

Seminal plasma (SP) and ovarian fluid (OF) plays an important role as storage media to prevent the activation of gametes both in vivo and under artificial conditions. The objectives of this study were to quantify gamete biochemistry and explore correlations among quantitative characteristics of SP, OF and sperm performance traits of Ide Leuciscus idus and Northern pike Esox lucius. Generally, Na+ , K+ and Cl- were found to be the most dominating ions, although concentrations of K+ were higher in SP, while Na+ and Cl- concentrations were higher in OF for both species. Several significant correlations among the biochemical properties such as total protein, glucose, osmolality, cholesterol, K+ , Ca2+ , Cl- and Mg2+ were observed for SP and OF. Total protein content of Ide SP was positively correlated with sperm activity traits (r≥.89, p≤.05), while K+ concentration was negatively correlated with sperm traits (r≥-.89, p≤.05). Moreover, Ca2+ concentration in Northern pike SP was positively correlated with the percentage of sperm motility (r=. 98, p<.01). In conclusion, these results can be used to better understand the biochemistry of SP and OF, improve methods for short- and long-term storage of gametes and standardize fertilization protocols.

Paternal identity impacts embryonic development for two species of freshwater fish

Paternal, compared to maternal, contributions were believed to have only a limited influence on embryonic development and larval fitness traits in fishes. Therefore, the perspective of male influence on early life history traits has come under scrutiny. This study was conducted to determine parental effects on the rate of eyed embryos of Ide Leuciscus idus and Northern pike Esox lucius. Five sires and five dams from each species were crossed using a quantitative genetic breeding design and the resulting 25 sib groups of each species were reared to the embryonic eyed stage. We then partition variation in embryonic phenotypic performance to maternal, paternal, and parental interactions using the Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) model. Results showed that paternal, maternal, and the paternal×maternal interaction terms were highly significant for both species; clearly demonstrating that certain family combinations were more compatible than others. Paternal effects explained 20.24% of the total variance, which was 2-fold higher than the maternal effects (10.73%) in Ide, while paternal effects explained 18.9% of the total variance, which was 15-fold higher than the maternal effects (1.3%) in Northern pike. Together, these results indicate that male effects are of major importance during embryonic development for these species. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that genetic compatibility between sires and dams plays an important role and needs to be taken into consideration for reproduction of these and likely other economically important fish species.

Mass marking of Leuciscus idus larvae using Artemia salina as a vector of fluorescent dyes.

A method for the mass marking of ide Leuciscus idus larvae by feeding them Artemia salina nauplii that were immersed in different solutions of alizarin red S, tetracycline hydrochloride and calcein was tested. The best quality marks were obtained after feeding fish for 4 days with nauplii that had been immersed in 200 mg l(-1) alizarin red S.

Early development and allometric growth patterns in ide Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus 1758)

Allometric growth and ontogeny were studied in ide Leuciscus idus (L.) reared in laboratory conditions from 0 to 30 days post hatching (DPH), to define important steps in the species’ early life history. Based on the external morphology, eleven different stages during the early development of ide were identified (ES9a – JS1a; ES – embryonic stage, JS – juvenile stage). After a short period of rest, hatched individuals were visual feeders with a pelagic life. Organogenesis and allometric changes indicated that development priorities concerned feeding efficiency, respiration efficiency and locomotion performances. Also concluded was that the gradual changes observed in body proportions (which occurred across a wide range of body lengths) reflect the absence of abrupt changes in the behaviour and habitat and may also be considered as a gradual adaptation to life in flowing water.

PH values and activity of digestive enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract of fish in Lake Chany (West Siberia)

Optimum pH of various digestive enzymes and physiological pH values were determined in the gastrointestinal tract of fish species, such as goldfish Carassius auratus gibelio, ide Leuciscus idus, wild carp Cyprinus carpio, perch Perca fluviatilis, and zander Sander lucioperca. Physiological values of pH in the stomach of perch and zander and in different parts of the intestine of all studied fish species range within 3.5–4.5 and 6.5–7.2, respectively. The maximum values of the activity of alkaline protease and nonspecific lipase and esterase are recorded at pH 8–9; the maximum acid protease activity is recorded at pH 2–3. The optimum pH activity of alkaline protease and nonspecific lipase and esterase do not correlate with actual pH value in the digestive tract of fish. Two peaks of α-amylase activity are observed at pH 7 and 9.

Old timers from the Baltic Sea: Revisiting the population structure and maximum recorded age of ide Leuciscus idus

Population age structure of ide Leuciscus idus in the eastern Baltic Sea was investigated using samples from three sites in the Väinameri Sea. Using the otolith thin sections for the first time on ide otoliths, a new maximum age of 29 years was observed. It is suggested that otolith thin sections should be preferred to scales if clear-cut and accurate age determinations of ide are desired. The results demonstrated that ide population in the Baltic Sea may consist of individuals with more variable age range than previously reported. There was a significant difference in adult age structure among study sites (spawning stocks), which was also reflected in the overall abundance of ide in the particular site. Higher growth rates were recorded compared to historical datasets collected from the same region. A strong positive relationship between age and otolith weight was observed. Potential factors behind the differences in age structure and abundance among study sites are discussed.

Age structure and linear growth rate of the population of ide Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus, 1788) in the Kuibyshev Reservoir in 2004–2005

For the first time over the past 50 years, an analysis of the size composition, age structure, and linear population growth of ide in the Kuibyshev Reservoir has been made. The increase in the growth rates of young ide has been recorded in the reservoir when compared with the river conditions at the initial stage of existence of the reservoir.