Agricultural Experiment Stations Of Idaho Research Articles

Registration of ‘GemCraft’ spring malting barley cultivar

Abstract‘GemCraft’ (Reg. no CV‐379, PI 701910), is a two‐rowed spring malt barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) developed by the USDA‐ARS, Aberdeen, ID, in cooperation with the University of Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station, in 2023. The release is derived from the cross of 2B98‐5312/98Ab11993 and was advanced through the bulk pedigree method F1–F5. GemCraft has been tested at the USDA‐ARS, and all other cooperative trials, as line 2Ab08‐X05M010‐65. This cultivar has been tested across 32 location years under irrigated conditions and 13 location years in dryland conditions. GemCraft has shown similar yield to the current malting barley cultivar checks Voyager, Merit 57, M69, Conrad, and AC Metcalfe but has higher yield potential than ‘CDC Copeland’, M69, and ‘Harrington’ under irrigated conditions. In dryland trials, GemCraft has similar yield to the checks of Voyager and Conrad but higher yield than other checks. Malting quality evaluation results showed GemCraft has high extract, low protein, and competent values in other traits. All the evaluations suggested that GemCraft would be a good choice as a malting cultivar for craft brewers.

Release of ‘UI Gold’ hard white spring wheat

Abstract‘UI Gold’ (Reg. no. CV‐1205, PI 700874) hard white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed by the Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station and released in 2022. UI Gold was derived from the cross A03018S‐E × WA8123. It was tested under experimental numbers A11434‐14 and IDO1804S and showed high grain yield and excellent bread‐baking quality when grown in both irrigated and dryland conditions. UI Gold has grain yield comparable to the high‐yielding hard white spring check cultivar ‘Dayn’ and higher yield than the widely grown hard white spring wheat cultivars ‘SY Teton’ and ‘UI Platinum’. UI Gold has gluten strength similar to SY Teton and greater gluten strength than Dayn and UI Platinum. Compared with Dayn, in various trials UI Gold matured 3–4 days later and was 1–5 cm shorter.

Registration of ‘Goldenhart’, a Two‐Rowed Spring Food Barley

‘Goldenhart’ (Reg. No. CV‐368, PI 688445) is a two‐rowed spring hull‐less food barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) developed by the USDA‐ARS, Aberdeen, ID, in cooperation with the University of Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station, and released in 2017. Goldenhart is derived from the cross of 02HR 4590/‘CDC Fibar’ and was advanced through modified bulk pedigree F1– F5. Goldenhart was tested at the USDA‐ARS, and all other cooperative trials, as line 2Ab09‐X06F058HL‐31. Goldenhart was tested over 40 location years and has shown better yield under irrigated conditions than ‘CDC Alamo’ and ‘Transit’ and better yield in dryland areas than all the current two‐rowed spring hull‐less food barley cultivars, ‘Julie’, Transit, and CDC Alamo. Moreover, Goldenhart has shown significantly higher yields than Transit, the barley check with similar β‐glucan concentration, in both irrigated and dryland conditions. Goldenhart will be a good hull‐less cultivar and a better alternative than Transit in the food barley production market.

Registration of ‘UI Sparrow’ Wheat

‘UI Sparrow’ (Reg. No. CV‐1134, PI 680612) soft white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed and released by the Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station in August 2016. Soft white winter wheat is an important wheat class grown in Idaho and the rest of Pacific Northwest. Resistance to stripe rust is critical for winter and spring wheat cultivars grown in the Pacific Northwest. Resistances to dwarf bunt and snow mold are also important traits for winter wheat cultivars produced in the dryland areas of the Pacific Northwest. UI Sparrow, tested under the experimental designations IDO1108DH, is a semidwarf cultivar with strong straw, brown chaff, and long awns. It has excellent resistance to dwarf bunt, all‐stage resistance to all tested predominant races of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici except for PSTv‐40, moderate to high levels of high‐temperature adult‐plant resistance to stripe rust, and high level resistance to snow mold. UI Sparrow was released as an alternative to ‘Eltan’, ‘Otto’, and ‘Xerpha’ in the low‐rainfall regions (<300 mm) and to ‘Bobtail’, ‘SY Ovation’, and ‘UI‐WSU Huffman’ in the intermediate‐ (300–500 mm) and high‐rainfall regions (>500 mm) of Idaho and Washington.

Sage Russet: a New High Yielding Russet Potato Variety with Cold-Sweetening Resistance, High Vitamin C and Protein Contents and Excellent Fresh Pack and Processing Potential

Sage Russet was released in 2009 by Oregon State University, in cooperation with the USDA-ARS and the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Idaho and Washington. It is a product of the Northwest Potato Variety (Tri-State) Development Program. Sage Russet has a medium-early maturity and produces long, somewhat flattened tubers with medium russeting of the skin. Total yields of Sage Russet are similar to those of Russet Burbank and Ranger Russet, but are significantly higher than those of Russet Norkotah. Sage Russet has significantly higher U.S. No.1 yields than Russet Burbank, Russet Norkotah, and Ranger Russet. It can be grown as an early or late crop with high U.S. No.1 yields and minimal internal defects. It achieved very high merit scores in processing and fresh market in Western Regional trials and can be considered for both markets. Sage Russet has a medium to high fertility requirements with high nitrogen use efficiency and medium storage capability. Sage Russet has moderate specific gravity and produces lighter fry color than the industry standard varieties. The color of fried strips following tuber storage at 4.4 °C and 7.2 °C is significantly lighter for Sage Russet than the control varieties, indicating good cold sweetening resistance. Chemical analyses have shown that Sage Russet has higher protein and vitamin C content than control varieties. Sage Russet is moderately resistant to early dying, early blight, and common scab, is resistant to tuber late blight, but susceptible to Fusarium wilt and is prone to shatter bruise.

Payette Russet: a Dual-Purpose Potato Cultivar with Cold-Sweetening Resistance, Low Acrylamide Formation, and Resistance to Late Blight and Potato Virus Y

Payette Russet is a full season, russet-skinned potato cultivar notable for its cold-sweetening resistance and associated low acrylamide formation, making it ideally suited for processing into French fries and other potato products. Low asparagine and reducing sugar concentrations in Payette Russet tubers contribute to an 81 % reduction in acrylamide content in French fries relative to cultivars Ranger Russet and Russet Burbank following eight months storage at 9 °C. In three years of evaluations in the Western Regional Potato Variety Trials, average yield of Payette Russet was intermediate between Ranger Russet and Russet Burbank, but Payette Russet had the highest U.S. No. 1 yield when averaged across all eight trial locations. Acceptably low tuber glucose concentrations (<0.10 % glucose FWB) were maintained in Payette Russet following up to nine months storage at temperatures as low as 5.6 °C with consistently acceptable French fry color scores obtained (USDA value ≤2.0). Reducing sugars are also maintained uniformly throughout Payette Russet tubers, resulting in a low incidence of sugar ends and reduced mottling in French fries relative to standard processing cultivars. Long tuber dormancy also benefits long-term storage for processing. With its russet skin, Payette Russet could also be used for fresh-pack, and its assemblage of disease resistances makes it especially suitable for organic production, or for use by growers and companies seeking greater sustainability in their production. Payette Russet is resistant to foliar and tuber late blight, common scab, and has extreme resistance to PVY conferred by the presence of the Rysto resistance gene. Payette Russet also has a moderate level of resistance to Verticillium wilt, early blight, and corky ringspot. It is susceptible to Fusarium dry rot (F. sambucinum), therefore production and storage management guidelines are provided to minimize tuber infection. Payette Russet displays a low incidence of second growth and growth cracks, especially relative to Russet Burbank, and is intermediate between Ranger Russet and Russet Burbank for incidence of hollow heart/brown center. Blackspot bruise expression for Payette Russet is similar to Russet Burbank and reduced relative to Ranger Russet. Payette Russet was more susceptible to shatter bruise, internal brown spot, and tuber weight loss in storage relative to the industry standard cultivars. Payette Russet was released in 2015 by the USDA-ARS and the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington, and is a product of the Northwest (Tri-State) Potato Variety Development Program.

Registration of ‘Kardia’, a Two‐Rowed Spring Food Barley

‘Kardia’ (Reg. No. CV‐360, PI 675999), a two‐rowed spring hulled food barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar developed by the USDA‐ARS, Aberdeen, ID, in cooperation with the University of Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station, was released in 2015. Kardia is derived from the cross 03AH3054/98Ab12019’ and was advanced through bulk pedigree F1– F5. Kardia was tested at the USDA‐ARS and all other cooperative trials as line 2Ab09‐X06F084‐51. Kardia tested across 40 location years and has shown better yield in irrigated condition and similar yield in dryland comparing to the current two‐rowed spring hulled food barley cultivar check ‘Salute’, but it has lower yield than ‘Baronesse’, a feed barley check. Kardia, however, has shown significantly higher β‐glucan content than Salute. Kardia could be a good hulled cultivar and a better alternative than Salute in the food barley production market.

Mountain Gem Russet: a Potato Variety with High Early and Full Season Yield Potential and Excellent Fresh Market and Early Processing Characteristics

Mountain Gem Russet is a potato variety notable for having both high early and full-season yields of oblong-long, medium-russeted tubers with higher protein content than those of standard potato varieties. Mountain Gem Russet has greater resistance to soft rot, tuber late blight, growth cracks and second growth than Russet Burbank. Mountain Gem Russet produced greater total and U.S. No. 1 yields than Ranger Russet and Russet Norkotah in early-season trials conducted in Idaho, Oregon and Washington over a 3 year period. In full-season trials conducted in five western states over a 4 year period, average total and U.S. No. 1 yields for Mountain Gem Russet were almost always higher than Ranger Russet and Russet Burbank, with specific gravities averaging between these two standard cultivars. It maintains acceptable reducing sugar concentrations and fry quality when stored at 8.9 °C and has displayed a high level of fry color uniformity from tuber stem to bud end providing good potential for early processing. High fresh merit ratings and taste panel sensory scores comparable to Russet Burbank indicate good fresh market potential for Mountain Gem Russet. It was released in 2015 by the USDA-ARS and the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington, and is a product of the Pacific Northwest Potato Variety (Tri-State) Development Program.

Registration of ‘UI Platinum’ Hard White Spring Wheat

‘UI Platinum’ (Reg. No. CV‐1112, PI 672533) hard white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed by the Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station and released in 2014. UI Platinum was derived from the cross ‘Blanca Grande’ × ‘Jerome’ and tested under experimental numbers A01178S, IDO694, and IDO694C. UI Platinum was released for its improved grain yield and desirable bread and whole grain end‐use quality in irrigated and high rainfall production areas. Grain yield, end‐use quality, and resistance to stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend f. sp. tritici) of UI Platinum are better or equivalent to the three widely grown hard white spring cultivars ‘SnowCrest’, ‘WB Idamax’, and ‘WB Paloma’. UI Platinum is also 1 to 2 d earlier and 2 to 3 cm shorter than WB Idamax and WB Paloma. The University of Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station will maintain breeder and foundation seed of UI Platinum. This cultivar is protected under the US Plant Variety Protection Title V and all seed requests should be sent to the inventor/breeder during the period of protection. Registered and certified seed production and sales will be handled by LimaGrain Cereal Seeds and Lansing Trade Group LLC.

Teton Russet: An Early-Maturing, Dual-Purpose Potato Cultivar Having Higher Protein and Vitamin C Content, Low Asparagine, and Resistances to Common Scab and Fusarium Dry Rot

Teton Russet is an early-maturing, medium-russeted, potato cultivar with high merit for both fresh-pack and processing. In early harvest trials in the Pacific Northwest, Teton Russet had total yields similar to Russet Norkotah, and higher than Ranger Russet and Russet Burbank. Marketable yield of Teton Russet in the early harvest trials was also comparable to or higher than Russet Norkotah in Washington and Oregon, and higher than Ranger Russet and Russet Burbank at these sites, as well as in Idaho. In full-season trials, while total yield of the earlier-maturing Teton Russet tended to be lower than Ranger Russet and Russet Burbank, marketable yield was generally higher than Russet Burbank across the majority of sites due to its higher percentage of U.S. No. 1 tubers. Teton Russet is suitable for processing, with acceptable fry color following up to 8 months of storage at 8.9 °C. Uniformity of fry color was also very consistent. Teton Russet has shown lower levels of the amino acid asparagine relative to Ranger Russet and Russet Burbank which may contribute to lower acrylamide levels in French fries and other processed potato products. Teton Russet is notable for having resistance to common scab (Streptomyces spp.) and Fusarium dry rot, and is moderately resistant to tuber net necrosis. Analyses have also shown Teton Russet to have significantly higher protein levels than Russet Norkotah, Ranger Russet, and Russet Burbank, as well as higher vitamin C content than Russet Norkotah and Russet Burbank. Teton Russet was released in 2011 by the USDA-ARS and the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington, and is a product of the Pacific Northwest Potato Variety (Tri-State) Development Program.

Registration of ‘UI Stone’ Soft White Spring Wheat

‘Soft white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important wheat class for domestic and international markets and is widely grown in the U.S. Pacific Northwest (PNW). The objective of this study was to develop a soft white spring (SWS) wheat cultivar with high grain yield, desirable end‐use quality, and resistance to Fusarium head blight [FHB; caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe; telomorph Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch], an emerging disease of spring wheat in southern Idaho and some areas in the PNW. ‘UI Stone’ (Reg. No. CV‐1088, PI 660550) SWS wheat was developed by the Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station using a modified backcross breeding procedure. UI Stone was derived from a backcross ‘Pomerelle’ *2/‘Tui’ made in 1994 in Aberdeen, ID and tested under experimental numbers A94368‐B‐7 and IDO599. UI Stone was released for its superior grain yield under both unirrigated and irrigated production conditions in southern Idaho and the PNW, its excellent end‐use quality, and its resistance to FHB. The heading date of UI Stone is similar to that of the early‐maturity cultivar ‘Nick’ but later than that of ‘UI Pettit’ (PI 620631) and earlier than that of ‘Alturas’ (PI 620631), ‘Louise’ (PI 634865), and ‘Alpowa’ (PI 566596). UI Stone has potential to replace Alturas and UI Pettit in southern Idaho and to replace Alpowa, Louise, and Nick in the PNW.

White Mold–Resistant, Interspecific Common Bean Breeding Line VRW 32 Derived from Phaseolus costaricensis

The interspecific breeding line VRW 32 (Reg. No. GP‐287, PI 665037) of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), which is resistant to white mold [caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary], was jointly developed at the University of Idaho Kimberly Research and Extension Center, Kimberly, ID; Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO; and CIAT, Cali, Colombia. The Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station released VRW 32 on 7 Dec. 2011. VRW 32 is the first white mold–resistant interspecific breeding line derived from P. costaricensis Freytag &amp; Debouck, a member of the secondary gene pool of common bean. VRW 32 was derived from recurrent backcrossing between the small‐seeded (100‐seed weight &lt; 25 g) tropical black common bean cultivar ICA Pijao and the small‐seeded wild P. costaricensis germplasm accession G 40604 (100‐seed weight &lt; 19 g). ICA Pijao has an indeterminate upright growth habit Type II, purple flowers, and resistance to Bean common mosaic virus and tolerance to Bean golden mosaic virus. G 40604 has an indeterminate climbing growth habit Type IV and deep reddish‐purple magenta flowers. VRW 32 has growth habit Type II, white flowers, grayish‐brown seed, and white mold resistance with a score of 2.7 in the field and 4.3 in the greenhouse in Idaho and 5.5 in the greenhouse in Colorado compared with 5.7, 5.8, and 6.6, respectively, for the recurrent parent, ICA Pijao. VRW 32 matures in approximately 100 d in southern Idaho. VRW 32 may be used to study the interaction between the pathogen and different sources of white mold resistance and for pyramiding resistance from across Phaseolus spp. and introgressing higher levels of resistance into common bean cultivars.

Owyhee Russet: A Variety with High Yields of U.S. No. 1 Tubers, Excellent Processing Quality, and Moderate Resistance to Fusarium Dry Rot (Fusarium solani var. coeruleum)

Owyhee Russet (AO96160-3) originated from a cross between A89384-10 and A89512-3 in 1996. Owyhee Russet was released in 2009 by Oregon State University, in cooperation with the USDA-ARS and the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Idaho and Washington and is a product of the Northwest Potato Variety (Tri-State) Development Program. Owyhee Russet has semi-erect medium sized vines with medium to late maturity. The tubers are long, with a tan skin, medium russeting, and attractive tuber appearance for fresh market. Owyhee Russet was evaluated in several locations across the Northwest for more than 15 years. Total yield of Owyhee Russet is similar to that of Russet Burbank and Ranger Russet but significantly higher than Russet Norkotah. U.S. No.1 tuber yield of Owyhee Russet is significantly higher than Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah, resulting in substantially higher marketable yield. Owyhee Russet tubers have significantly higher specific gravity than Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah. Fry color following tuber storage at 4°C and 9°C is significantly lighter for Owyhee Russet than the comparison varieties. Relative strengths include high yield with a very high proportion of U.S. No.1 tubers, good tuber appearance and excellent processing quality, resistance to cold sweetening, common scab and Fusarium dry rot. Weaknesses include susceptibility to foliar and tuber late blight and susceptibility to metribuzin herbicide injury. Allelic patterns of five SSR markers have shown that Owyhee Russet has a distinctive DNA genetic fingerprint from its russet type reference varieties which are Ranger Russet, Russet Burbank, and Russet Norkotah.

Registration of ‘UI SRG’ Wheat

Developing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars with high yield, desirable end‐use quality, and resistance to prevalent diseases are the major goals for the breeding programs in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States and the world. ‘UI SRG’ (Reg. No. CV‐1066, PI 660546) hard red winter wheat was developed by the Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station using a modified backcross breeding procedure. UI SRG was derived from a BC1F7 line from the backcross ‘Utah 100’*2/‘Boundary’ and tested under experimental numbers A971065W‐J‐4 and IDO656. UI SRG was released in 2010 for its improved resistance to stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend f. sp. tritici) combined with superior yield and resistance to dwarf bunt (caused by Tilletia contraversa Kühn) and stem rust (caused by P. graminis Pers: Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. &amp; E. Henn) (local and TTKS races). UI SRG is best adapted to rainfed production in the intermountain zone of the western United States and is targeted to replace the stripe rust–susceptible cultivar ‘Deloris’ and the lower‐yielding older cultivars Utah 100 and ‘Finley’. Milling and baking quality of UI SRG is not significantly different from that of the best‐quality check cultivars ‘DW’ and Deloris.

Palisade Russet: A Late Blight Resistant Potato Cultivar Having a Low Incidence of Sugar Ends and High Specific Gravity

Palisade Russet is a medium-late maturing, lightly russeted potato cultivar notable for its resistance to late blight (Phytophthora infestans) infection of foliage and tuber. Palisade Russet is suitable for processing with low tuber glucose concentrations observed following long-term storage at a temperature as low as 5.6°C with consistently acceptable fry color scores (USDA value ≤2.0) following storage at temperatures of 5.6 to 8.9°C. Reducing sugars are also maintained uniformly throughout the tuber, resulting in a low incidence of sugar ends in French fries relative to standard processing cultivars such as Russet Burbank and Ranger Russet. Palisade Russet has shown high specific gravities in western production regions of the U.S. which may limit its acceptance by the western processing industry. However, in potato production regions with inherently low specific gravities, Palisade Russet could have potential as a processing cultivar. In full-season trials conducted in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington over a 5 year period, the average total yield of Palisade Russet across all three states was very similar to yields observed for Ranger Russet and Russet Burbank. However, the U.S. No. 1 yield of Palisade Russet was 3% and 31% higher relative to Ranger Russet and Russet Burbank, respectively. In addition to late blight, Palisade Russet is also resistant to Verticillium wilt, black dot, and pink rot, and has a moderate level of resistance to net necrosis, PVY, and early blight of both the foliage and tuber. The disease resistances of Palisade Russet make it a good candidate for organic production, or for use by growers seeking reduced pesticide inputs. Palisade Russet displays a low incidence of second growth and growth cracks, especially relative to Russet Burbank, and is intermediate between Ranger Russet and Russet Burbank for incidence of hollow heart/brown center. Blackspot bruise expression for Palisade Russet is less pronounced than for either Ranger Russet or Russet Burbank, however it is slightly more susceptible to shatter bruise. Palisade Russet was released in 2011 by the USDA-ARS and the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington, and is a product of the Pacific Northwest Potato Variety (Tri-State) Development Program.

Registration of ‘Transit’ High β‐Glucan Spring Barley

Studies on the effects of β‐glucan on humans have shown that food containing high concentrations of β‐glucans from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) reduced total cholesterol levels. β‐Glucan has been shown to be beneficial for the regulation of blood‐glucose levels, and high β‐glucan has been found to reduce glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. High β‐glucan barley varieties with good agronomic traits are few and have reduced yield potential compared with feed‐ and malting‐barley cultivars. ‘Transit’ (Reg. No. CV‐348, PI 660128), a two‐rowed, spring, high β‐glucan barley, was developed and submitted for release in 2009 by the USDA‐ARS, Aberdeen, ID in cooperation with the University of Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station. Transit is a selection from the cross 10/‘Azhul’//‘CDC Alamo’. 10 is a selection from composite cross XXXII. Azhul is a six‐rowed, high β‐glucan cultivar released by the ARS and Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station and is the progenitor of most high β‐glucan cultivars and germplasm. Azhul was developed by the mutation of line 76‐19‐7 with diethyl sulfate. Line 76‐19‐7 has the pedigree CCXXXII/‘Arimont’//‘Westbar’. CDC Alamo, tested as HB340, has the pedigree SB85750/Azhul. Transit has a reduced yield potential compared with the best feed and malting types, but its high level of β‐glucan provides enough added value to allow it to be economically competitive with current malting‐barley cultivars. The release of Transit will provide producers with a variety having improved yield potential and β‐glucan content compared with the current varieties CDC Alamo and Azhul. Transit is expected to be adapted to both irrigated and rainfed regions in Idaho.

Registration of ‘UI Winchester’ Wheat

‘UI Winchester’ (Reg. No. CV‐1049, PI 642362) hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed by the Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station and released in July 2009. UI Winchester was developed using the bulk‐pedigree selection method and was released for its improved resistance to stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Eriks.) combined with its resistance to Hessian fly [Mayetiola destructor (Say)] and for its comparable or better yield and end‐use quality performance compared with the three widely adapted hard red spring wheat cultivars ‘Jefferson’ (PI 603040), ‘Jerome’ (PI 632712), and ‘WestBred 936’. UI Winchester is named after the town of Winchester, Idaho. It was tested under experimental numbers A9356S and IDO578 and has the pedigree ‘WestBred 926’/WA7702. UI Winchester is adapted to both irrigated and rainfed conditions, but it is better adapted to the rainfed production systems of the intermountain zone of the western United States.

Clearwater Russet: A Dual-Purpose Potato Cultivar with Cold Sweetening Resistance, High Protein Content, and Low Incidence of External Defects and Sugar Ends

Clearwater Russet is a medium-late maturing, russet-skinned, potato cultivar suitable for processing or fresh pack. It is notable for having a low incidence of external defects that contributes to its high U.S. No 1 yield relative to the dual-purpose industry standard, Russet Burbank. Clearwater Russet also maintains low glucose concentrations in its tubers during long-term storage making it an exceptional processing variety. With its low incidence of sugar ends and cold-induced sweetening resistance, Clearwater Russet can be stored at a temperature of 7.2°C for up to 250 days without the need for reconditioning; fry color from this storage regime is consistently ≤1.0 (USDA Fry Color Scale). This cultivar is also notable for its high tuber protein content, which was 33% greater than that of Russet Burbank. In full-season trials conducted over a 3-year period in California, Colorado, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington, Clearwater Russet had total yields slightly lower than Ranger Russet and Russet Burbank, but averaged 1% and 33% higher U.S. No. 1 yields, respectively, across all states. Average specific gravity of Clearwater Russet is comparable to Ranger Russet and significantly higher than Russet Burbank. Clearwater Russet is resistant to potato virus X (PVX) and tuber late blight and is moderately resistant to Verticillium wilt, common scab, and the common strain of potato virus Y (PVYO). Symptoms of infection with two necrotic strains of PVY were not observed in tubers of Clearwater Russet or Russet Burbank, but were observed in Ranger Russet. Blackspot bruise reaction for Clearwater Russet is less pronounced than for either Ranger Russet or Russet Burbank. The incidence of hollow heart in Clearwater Russet is intermediate between Ranger Russet and Russet Burbank. Internal brown spot has been noted as a problem for Clearwater Russet in the Columbia Basin of Oregon, but has not been observed as problematic in other growing regions. Clearwater Russet was released in 2008 by the USDA-ARS and the Agricultural Experiment Stations of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington, and is a product of the Pacific Northwest Potato Variety (Tri-State) Development Program.

Registration of ‘Cataldo’ Wheat

‘Cataldo’ (Reg. No. CV‐1033, PI 642361) is a soft white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) developed by the Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station and released in spring 2007. Cataldo was tested under experimental numbers A02215S‐B‐1 and IDO642 and has the pedigree of IDO584/4*‘Alturas’. IDO584 carries a new source of resistance to Hessian fly [Mayetiola destructor (Say)], the gene H25, originally derived from KS92WGRC 20. Cataldo was released for its novel Hessian fly resistance, conferred by the gene H25 The resistance was selected using molecular markers Xgwm610 and Xgwm397 associated with the H25 gene, together with phenotypic testing. Cataldo was released to extend the range of the Alturas genetic background into rainfed production regions of northern Idaho and eastern Washington where Hessian fly is a consistent limitation to production. Cataldo is also earlier and shorter than Alturas and has high‐temperature adult‐plant resistance to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici Eriks.) and end‐use quality (cookie and Asian noodles) similar to Alturas.

White Mold–Resistant Interspecific Common Bean Germplasm Lines VCW 54 and VCW 55

Interspecific breeding lines (IBL) VCW 54 (Reg. No. GP‐276, PI 655531) and VCW 55 (Reg. No. GP‐277, PI 655532) of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) resistant to white mold [WM; caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary] were jointly developed at the University of Idaho‐Kimberly Research and Extension Center and Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO. The Agricultural Experiment Stations of Idaho and Colorado released VCW 54 and VCW 55 on 10 Dec. 2008. Both IBL were derived from congruity backcrossing between small‐seeded tropical black bean cultivar ICA Pijao and P. coccineus L. accession G 35172. ICA Pijao has an indeterminate upright growth habit Type II and resistance to bean common mosaic virus and some races of rust pathogen, and tolerance to bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV). G 35172 has large purple‐mottled seeds, an indeterminate climbing growth habit Type IV, and resistance to BGMV. G 35172 also is variable for WM reaction. VCW 54 has scarlet flowers, purplish black seed, and the highest WM resistance. VCW 55 has white with pink‐striped flower, black seed, and an intermediate level of WM resistance. Both IBL also have growth habit Type II, small seeds, and are late maturing, requiring ≥100 d from planting to maturity in southern Idaho. White mold resistance from VCW 54 and VCW 55 should be pyramided with WM resistance from across Phaseolus species and introgressed into common bean cultivars using appropriate crosses, population sizes, and disease screening and selection methods.