Broken Ice Research Articles

Application of torque observer based on belief rule base to power redistribution process

When navigating in ice zones, broken ice can be drawn into the propeller by the wake current, significantly altering the propeller load and causing severe fluctuations in the power grid of electrical propulsion ship. To address this issue, this paper presents two kinds of power redistribution control (PRC) strategies, which utilises the dynamic feedback from the ship's generator sets to the electric propulsion system to improve the frequency control. The PRC strategy #2, which receives feedback from generator's torque deviation, has better control effect than PRC strategy #1 with feedback from speed deviation. Since the accuracy of the estimated mechanical torque directly affects the control effect of strategy #2, this paper designs a torque observer based on the Belief Rule Base (BRB) by matching the PRC strategy to regulate the grid frequency in real-time. Given the power grid's fluctuations primarily caused by aft propellers, the power will be partly redistributed to the bow thruster to stabilise the ship's grid. Experiments show that this method can maintain the stability of the grid frequency by quickly correcting the power distribution during the process of sudden shedding propeller load.

Numerical simulation study on ice breaking by a submerged water jet

Numerical simulation study on ice breaking by a submerged water jet

Utilization of Ice Breaking Techniques to Reignite Students' Engagement in Learning within Elementary Education

It is common and often happens when the teaching and learning process occurs; students feel bored with learning. Teachers must be more creative in finding out the way to create more enjoyable learning. This study aims to understand the implementation of ice breaking so that every learner uses ice breaking to know the supporting factors and to overcome the inhibiting factors. This study uses a descriptive-qualitative approach. The subjects of this study were teachers as class teachers and class I.A. students. Data collection techniques in this study used interviews, observations, and documentation. The validity of the data in this study used source and technology triangulation. The interactive analysis model was used for data analysis in this study and was carried out in four stages: data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that students were thrilled and interested in using ice-breaking in the teaching and learning process, which was carried out at the beginning, middle, and end of learning. Students' very high interest and interest affect student learning outcomes so that students can understand the learning material faster. For subsequent researchers, it is hoped that they can apply and find out about the types of ice breaking that can overcome student boredom and restore students' interest in learning.

Enhancing Social Studies Learning Outcomes through Interactive Ice Breaking and Peer Teaching Strategies in Junior High School

This study aims to improve student learning outcomes in Social Studies (IPS) class IX-E at SMPN 5 Pamekasan through the interactive ice breaking game method “hooray-huuu” and the “Everyone is a Teacher Here” (ETH) strategy. This study used the Classroom Action Research (PTK) method consisting of two cycles, each of two meetings. The research subjects were 29 students. In cycle I, the student learning completeness rate reached 52%, while in cycle II it increased to 92%. This increase showed that the use of interactive game method and ETH strategy was effective in improving students' learning outcomes and motivation. The results recommend this method to create a more fun and participatory learning atmosphere, which allows students to be more active and understand the subject matter well.

Pengaruh Ice Breaking Terhadap Kesiapan Belajar Peserta Didik Melalui Pembelajaran PJOK Kelas IX di SMPN 28 Surabaya

Students often experience boredom during learning activities. This is a common thing to happen, especially because they are bored with the material given. Therefore, teachers need to learn the Ice breaking method. Ice breaking is a strategy used to create a conducive and enjoyable learning environment. The aim of this research is to find out how much influence ice breaking has on students' learning readiness. This research uses a classroom action research method using a quantitative descriptive approach. Data was collected via questionnaire. Based on the research results, there is an influence between ice breaking and readiness to learn, this is because ice breaking can stimulate students to be more ready to receive learning.

PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PBL BERBANTUAN ICE BREAKING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN REPRESENTASI MATEMATIS DAN KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR SISWA KELAS VIII MTs ZIA SALSABILA

This study aims to determine the effect of the Problem Based Learning learning model assisted by ice breaking on students' mathematical representation abilities and learning independence. The method used is a quantitative method with an experimental research type. The sample consists of 27 students of VIII B as an experimental class and 20 students of class VIII A as a control class at MTs Zia Salsabila Bandar Setia. The results of the study showed that the t-test analysis that had been carried out obtained a p-value = 0.00 0.05 and p-value = 0.0001 0.005. The data explains that is accepted and is rejected. The average n-gain obtained in the experimental class was 0.64 and 0.57 while the control class obtained a value of 0.16 and 0.29 so that the average difference in n-gain was 0.48 and 0.28. Based on these data, it can be concluded that the mathematical representation ability and learning independence of students who learn using the PBL learning model assisted by ice breaking are better than students who learn in class with conventional learning models. There is an influence of the use of the PBL learning model assisted by ice breaking on students' mathematical representation abilities and learning independence.

THE EFFECT OF ICE BREAKING ON THE CONCENTRATION OF EARLY CHILDHOOD LEARNING AT TK IT IBNU KALDUN CIREBON

This study aims to examine the influence of the ice breaking method on early childhood learning concentration at Ibnu Kaldun Cirebon IT Kindergarten. Along with the importance of concentration in the learning process, this study uses a quantitative approach with an experimental design. The study subjects consisted of 30 children aged 5-6 years who were divided into two groups: an experimental group that applied the ice breaking method and a control group that did not use it. Data was collected through observations and questionnaires filled out by educators. The results of the analysis showed that the experimental group experienced a significant increase in learning concentration compared to the control group, with a p value < 0.05. This indicates that the ice breaking method plays an important role in increasing children's attention and involvement in learning. This study recommends the application of ice breaking techniques as part of the teaching method in kindergarten to help children focus and improve their learning outcomes. These findings are expected to provide a positive sensation to educational practices at the early childhood level and provide guidance for educators in designing effective activities.

Breaks in the Arctic ice cover: from observations to predictions

Breaks (ruptures) and cracks is the distinguishing feature of any ice cover in the Arctic seas during the cold season and in the whole Arctic Basin throughout a year. The formation of them is a consequence of macro-deformation of the ice thickness. Investigating of the ice breaking in the Arctic begins with single visual observations during the ice aerial surveys in the 1940s and continues till nowadays using regular information from artificial Earth satellites. Processing of big volumes of satellite data and creating climatological datasets on breaks became possible owing to the development of algorithms for automatic identification of the ice breaks in images. Interpretation of the satellite images is based on the fundamental difference between physical properties of breaks and the surrounding consolidated ice. Algorithms for automatic recognition of ruptures using satellite data obtained in different wavelength ranges, including the use of artificial intelligence, are currently being developed. The main characteristics of breaks which are usually analyzed are as follows: the summarized area of them and its ratio to the total area of the ice field, the mean and maximum widths as well as the total length. The temporal and spatial variability of these characteristics is also considered. Such information is needed for solving problems of improving models of ice cover dynamics and modeling the interaction between the ocean and the atmosphere at high latitudes. A specific feature of publications of the Russian authors on this topic is the practical use of the results obtained for hydrometeorological support of navigation in ice. For the navigation purposes, the dominant orientation of the ruptures on the way of ships is of greatest importance. Operational and prognostic information about the orientation and extent of ruptures, including distribution of them in an ice field are the key data for choosing the optimal sailing route in the Arctic.

Improving Student Learning Outcomes in Islamic Religious Education Learning with the Ice Breaking Method: Classroom Action Research at Elementary School

Teachers play a very important role in efforts to achieve learning objectives. Various methods are used only to help students understand the learning concepts given. This study aims to improve student learning outcomes in Islamic religious education learning. By using the ice breaking method. This study is a classroom action research. The subjects of the study were elementary school students. The data collection techniques used were observation and tests. The data were then analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques. The results of the study showed that the ice breaking method can improve student learning outcomes in Islamic religious education learning. Therefore, the ice breaking method can be used as an alternative in efforts to improve elementary school student learning outcomes.

Strategies to strengthen students' digital literacy through contextual learning in Pancasila Education

This study aims to explore strategies for strengthening students' digital literacy through contextual learning in Pancasila Education at SMKN 4 Kendal, by describing strategies and identifying related obstacles and solutions. The method used is qualitative with a case study approach, relying on interviews with eight grade XI Culinary 1 students and one Pancasila Education teacher, as well as documentation and observation. Data validity is tested through triangulation, and data analysis involves collecting, condensing, presenting, and inferring data. The results showed that digital literacy can be strengthened through contextual learning with three main steps: strategy design, application of learning, as well as overcoming obstacles and finding solutions. Barriers for students are divided into in-class (such as lack of quota, inactive members, and drowsiness) and outside the classroom (lack of discipline, long distances, and bad weather). Barriers for teachers include long module preparation, lack of student focus, and difficulties in exploratory mentoring. In-class solutions include buying quota before school, approaching less-active friends, and going to bed early. Solutions outside the classroom include making time agreements, determining gathering points, and monitoring the weather. For teachers, the solution is to discuss with colleagues, provide ice breaking, and accompany via WhatsApp groups.

Transformasi Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris: Menggunakan Solid Model Sebagai Media Pembelajaran di MI Fathul Jannah

This study investigated the success of a solid model teaching medium with the theme “My Farm” to enhance the English learning experience among second grade students at MIS Fathul Jannah. This medium addresses the challenge of unevenly distributed educational resources. Thirteen grade 2 students participated in this community service activity. The implementation of the activity involved three stages: preparation (survey, observation, media and material adjustment), implementation (introduction, core activities, ice breaking, and reflection), and evaluation. The results showed that the solid model media fostered active participation, created a fun learning environment, and had a positive impact on the classroom atmosphere. Future research should consider expanding the content coverage and deepening the analysis to obtain more robust data as well as innovative findings.

Kontribusi Apersepsi dalam Meningkatkan Pemahaman Pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam

Islamic religious education has an important role in growing and increasing faith, noble character and practicing the teachings of the Islamic religion. The role of teachers is also very large in achieving success in the teaching and learning process. Apperception needs to be done to find out students' knowledge, motivate students by presenting interesting material and encourage students to know various new things. Apperception carried out by the teacher can direct students' knowledge towards the learning objectives to be achieved. Reviewing the lessons that have been learned, conveying inspirational stories, providing motivation given to students will greatly influence the level of thinking and students' understanding of the lesson material provided by the teacher. The results of the research conducted by the author can be seen that: 1). Teachers foster students' enthusiasm for learning through several methods such as telling inspirational stories, advice, role models, fun stories, ice breaking and others. The forms of apperception that are applied are checking students' understanding of the subject matter in previous material, relating a phenomenon to the material to be studied, relating the subject matter presented to the context of everyday life so that students can understand the explanation or description of what they have learned. studied. From this understanding, students will realize and try to practice the values ​​of Islamic teachings so that their thinking, acting and behaving are always imbued with Islamic values ​​which will ultimately form a person who is devout and has good moral character.

Application of Literacy and Numeracy in Junior High School Learning

The Numeration Literacy Program organized by the Ministry of Education and Culture and Technology in the Teaching Campus Program is a program that aims to improve the quality of education. The focus of this research examines the implementation of efforts to improve numeracy literacy skills through the 6th generation teaching campus program. This research method is a quantitative approach. The location of the study was carried out at State Junior High School 3 Tenggarong Seberang, the study population included students and teachers. Data collection using observation techniques, interviews, documentation, as well as AKM pre-test and post-test. The results showed that the implementation of the campus teaching program batch 6 through collaborative activities in the numeracy literacy application program carried out, including school making, reading movement 15 minutes before learning, language month activities, literacy teaching in class, numeracy ice breaking, numeracy snakes and ladders, Literacy Numeracy quizzes and the application of technology adaptation. The results of the implementation of the program can increase students' AKM scores on literacy by 8% and numeracy by 3%. This study concluded that the implementation of the numeracy literacy program through the 6th generation teaching campus can improve numeracy literacy skills.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Ice Breaking terhadap Konsentrasi Belajar Pendidikan Agama Kristen dan Budi Pekerti Siswa Kelas XI SMK Negeri 2 Balige Tahun Pembelajaran 2023/2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the use of Ice Breaking on the concentration of learning Christian Religious Education and Budi Pekerti class XI students of SMK Negeri 2 Balige Learning Year 2023/2024. The research hypothesis is: “there is a positive and significant effect of the use of Ice Breaking on the concentration of learning Christian Religious Education and Ethics of Grade XI Students of SMK Negeri 2 Balige in the 2023/2024 Learning Year”. The population is all XI grade students majoring in BDP at SMK Negeri 2 Balige, Toba Regency, Learning Year 2023/2024, totaling 126 people. The research sample was determined using purposive sampling technique, namely students in class XI BDP 1 totaling 32 people as a control class using conventional methods and class XI BDP 3 totaling 32 people as an experimental class using Ice Breaking. This research method is a quantitative approach with a true experimental design method and with a post-test only control group design. The instrument used in this research is a questionnaire item for variable Y as many as 30 items. Research data for questionnaires were analyzed using the Separated Variance t test formula. From the calculation results obtained the value of tcount = 4.337 > ttable (α = 5%) = 1.671. The tcount value is in the H0 rejection curve area and Ha acceptance. Thus it can be concluded that the research hypothesis is accepted, namely that there are differences in the concentration of learning Christian Religious Education and Budi Pekerti class XI students of SMK Negeri 2 Balige Learning Year 2023/2024 who are taught before and after ice breaking.

0180 Crew Sleep During a 36-day Arctic Transit: Preliminary Results

Abstract Introduction Extreme environmental conditions (e.g., natural light conditions, time zone transitions), and specific operational conditions (e.g., ship motion due to ice breaking) combined with a variety of other occupational stressors (including shift work, psychological stress, and performing physically strenuous activities), poses unique challenges when conducting polar operations. The overarching aim of this project is to assess the unique challenges sailors experience when operating in polar regions in order to identify performance-limiting factors derived from operating an icebreaker in extreme latitudes. This abstract shows preliminary results of crewmember sleep. Methods A naturalistic longitudinal approach assessed 53 of the ship’s crewmembers (median age of 29yrs; 71.7% males; 66.0% enlisted) while performing their normal duties during a 36-day transit from Kodiak, AK (8/26/23) to Tromsø, Norway (1/10/23). Participants wore ŌURA rings and completed weekly questionnaires throughout the study. Mixed effects analysis was used to assess the effect of age, occupational group, time underway, and watchstanding status on variables of interest. Results are presented as mean◻standard deviation. Results Over the entire data collection period, participants’ sleep duration was 6.81◻0.57 hrs/day with 68.9% sleeping < 7 hrs/day and 8.89% sleeping < 6 hrs/day. All participants napped at least once; 68.1% napped at least once every 4 days. Self-report sleep regularity index (SRI; lower numbers translate to poorer sleep) was 73.1◻5.80 for watchstanders, 83.8◻6.19 for non-watchstanders, and 78.3◻5.16 for crewmembers with a hybrid work schedule. Age was associated with decreased heart rate variability (p=0.006), increased percentage of light sleep (p< 0.001), decreased percentage of deep sleep (p< 0.001), and increased percentage of REM sleep (p=0.021). Officers and watchstanders had a lower percentage of REM sleep compared to enlisted (p=0.030) and non-watchstanders (p=0.025) respectively. Also, over the course of the underway the percentage of light sleep increased and the percentage of deep sleep decreased. Specifically, compared to Week 1, Week 3 had a higher percentage of light sleep (p=0.027), and a lower percentage of deep sleep (p=0.019). Conclusion Results showed that Arctic operations can affect crew sleep. Crew members slept less than the daily recommended 7+ hr/day sleep duration. Their sleep was also related to age, watchstanding status, and time underway. Support (if any)

Pengaruh Permainan Ice Breaking (Estafet Kertas) sebagai Media Terapi Bermain Motorik Kasar di SDN 3 Sukajadi

Introduction: In children aged 6-13 years, children's fine motor movement settings vary and develop optimally, but some children still experience difficulties in coordinating their eyes and hands. and stimulation is needed to improve coordination of fine motor movements so that children are able to regulate eye and hand, arm and body movements simultaneously. Objective : This health education and game aims to improve PHBS behavior and improve gross motor skills for students at SDN 3 Sukajadi so they understand and know about the game method. Method: The counseling was carried out at one of the schools in Ciamis Regency, namely SDN 3 Sukajadi, which was the main target of this outreach. Partners in this health consultation are 34 students. The method used was a quantitative method, seminars and interviews which began with conducting a survey to determine the level of students' knowledge about the importance of PHBS behavior and also the ice breaking relay game. Then prepare the material to be presented in the form of pictures and leaflets, prepare a questionnaire for students to complete. Result: The results of the counseling survey involved 34 participants using interviews in the pre-test and questionnaires in the post-test. Researchers analyzed the completed questionnaires to determine the level of students' knowledge about the paper relay ice breaking game before and after health education activities. Conclusion: Health education can educate students to improve children's abilities regarding the paper ice breaking relay game both from a physical and motoric perspective.

Poetic imagery in L. Tolstoy’s Resurrection [Voskresenie

The article examines three principal devices of L. Tolstoy’s poetics in the novel Resurrection [Voskresenie]: metaphorization, contrasts and oppositions, and repetition and rhetorical climax. Repetition of certain fragments marks a turning point in the plot, as well as a return to the true nature of things, with multiple arrangements gradually intensifying to amplify the effect. The use of such devices can be observed in the metaphorization of nature which accompanies transformations of the male and female protagonists, for example, in the description of the garden with lilac bushes and the nightingale, the ice breaking on the river, or a sweltering day on the train and in the city. The repeated images conjure up parallels between the fragments describing the characters’ falling in love and committing a sin, as well as between the scenes of train journeys — to the army and to the prison camp. The characters’ intellectual and spiritual development is expressed through tropes and repetitions of motifs and sounds, which shifts the focus from the ideological to the poetic dimension, and helps create new images that complement the narration’s ideological foundation.

Optimizing Students' Learning Interest In Fiqih Subjects Using Ice Breaking Techniques At Muhammadiyah 47 Sunggal Junior High School

This research aims to optimize students' interest in the subject of Fiqih through the implementation of ice breaking techniques at SMP Muhammadiyah 47 Sunggal. A qualitative approach with descriptive method was employed in this study. Data were obtained through interviews with Fiqih teachers and students of class VII-A at SMP Muhammadiyah 47 Sunggal, as well as classroom observations. The results of the research show that Fiqih teachers have used various ice breaking methods, such as performances and games, to enhance students' interest in the subject of Fiqih. Ice breaking is effective in boosting students' enthusiasm and concentration, and it has a positive impact on motivation, engagement, understanding, and interest in learning among students. However, the main challenge often encountered is the lack of enthusiasm among some students in participating in ice breaking activities. Nevertheless, this does not affect other students who remain enthusiastic. Therefore, teachers need to create more creative and engaging ice breaking methods to increase overall student enthusiasm. Thus, this research contributes to understanding the importance of implementing ice breaking to enhance students' interest in the subject of Fiqih at SMP Muhammadiyah 47 Sunggal.

The case of a mass death of livestock in the Early Iron Age in the steppe zone of Kazakhstan

A mass burial of complete and almost complete cattle and small ruminant skeletons found in a pit within the Early Iron Age settlement of Abylai in Central Kazakhstan (49°15'N, 75°07'E) has been studied. The results of archaeological research and archeozoological contexts have shown that the animals’ burial was a single event. The aim of the work was to determine the reasons for the formation of this accumu-lation. The analysis of skeletal element composition, animal age composition, and the season of their death has been performed. A com-parison of species composition, skeletal element composition, age composition, season of animals’ death and taphonomic features be-tween samples from the pit and the cultural layer of the settlement has been made. Significant differences between these samples have been revealed. The animals from the settlement layer were slaughtered during late autumn-winter, while animals from the pit died in early spring. The bones from the pit were almost all intact, while those from the settlement layer had characteristics typical of household waste. Bones from the “layer” have significantly more postmortem modifications than those from the “pit”. The age composition and the skeleton parts ratio between the samples are different. The analysis of the obtained data shows that in the beginning of spring 89 small ruminant and 6 cattle individuals were buried in the pit in a short period of time. According to ethnographic data, this could possibly be interpreted as the burial of animals who died as a result of spring jute. In the steppe zone of Eurasia, jute is the most frequent extreme event leading to mass death of ungulates. Jutes can happen in summer, when grass burns out with drought. But the most large-scale and frequent are winter jutes, when, due to catastrophic snowfalls, grass becomes inaccessible to animals, and spring jutes, when frosts come after a thaw. During jute, many animals die from starvation in a short time. Small ruminants are the most vulnerable because they are the least adapted to breaking ice crusts with their hooves. Cattle are less vulnerable, and even less so are horses. The following archaeological situation has been observed: all animals died in early spring; many of them were buried in a short time; the remains of small ruminants prevail, there are few cattle and no horses; most animals were probably skinned. This picture is most consistent with the burial of animals killed by jute. As an alternative hypothesis, a sacrificial nature of death of the animals has been considered. However, the combination of characteristics of the archaeological and archeozoological contexts of pit filling allows us to reject the latter hypothesis.

Sosialisasi Kesehatan Reproduksi Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Lifestyle Remaja Yang Sehat dan Unggul Di Desa Tuah Mesade

Period most vulnerable to experiencing reproductive health problems such as early pregnancy, unsafe abortion which can cause the death of mother and child, depression, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), sexual harassment, infertility, and malignancies such as cervical cancer. Adolescents begin to focus on behavior that is associated with adult status, namely smoking, drinking alcohol, using drugs, and engaging in promiscuous sexual acts which are quite disturbing. Community Service "Reproductive Health Socialization as an Effort to Improve the Healthy and Excellent Lifestyle of Adolescents in Tuah Mesade Village was held on 9-11 February 2024 with a total of 30 participants. Socialization is provided by the community service team regarding the introduction of male and female reproductive organs, how to care for reproductive organs, nutrition in reproductive health, and sexually transmitted infections. The extension participants seemed enthusiastic about the materials presented by the resource persons and were able to be actively involved, so this extension activity took place in a two-way system and many participants asked questions. The presentation of the counseling material was followed by discussion, ice breaking, and distribution of door prizes in the form of a book with the title "Teaching Book on Nutrition in Reproductive Health" to participants who were active during the discussion activities.