Ical Systems Research Articles

Каналы и механизмы трансляции идей новых религиозных движений в информационном пространстве социальных медиа

In the article, the authors identify and describe the role of the media in broadcasting content about new religious movements (on the example of the Scientol- ogy movement) on the Russian Internet. The Kribrum social media analysis system is used as a technical tool. The authors put into the project a model that included 80 concepts for the Center of Scientology and 1,242 concepts for Russian social institu- tions. The authors consider the periods 01/01/2018-12/31/2019 (stable social situation) and 01/01/2020-23/02/2022 (coronavirus crisis). The authors identify popular authors who wrote about Scientology in each of the periods. Media are grouped according to their legal status: official state media; private Russian media and bloggers; media and NGOs that are recognized as foreign agents; international media and their affiliates in Russia; other media (entertainment media, bloggers and users). The main channels for broadcasting content about Scientology were private media and bloggers. It was they who explained and broadcast material about Scientology on the Russian Internet. Their publications justified the activities of Scientology in Russia, declared the need for a liberal policy, demonized the state-confessional policy, the political system, the polit- ical system of Russia, and dehumanized academic child psychology. State Russian media in the news gave only the facts of the event, but the news was not interpreted, discussed or distributed.

Linking text readability and learner proficiency using linguistic complexity feature vector distance

How can we identify authentic reading material that matches the learner's proficiency and fosters their language development? Traditionally, this involves assigning a one-dimensional label to the text that identifies the grade or proficiency level of the learners that the text is intended for. Such an approach is inadequate given that both the text complexity and proficiency constructs are multi-dimensional in nature. We propose to instead link readers and texts through multidimensional vectors characterizing the linguistic complexity of the reading material and that of texts written by the learners as proxy of their proficiency level. We first validate the approach using a leveled reading corpus by showing that vector distances computed on the complexity representations can serve the function of the traditional labels. We then highlight the advantage of the multi-dimensional approach using data from a continuation writing task, showing that it makes it possible to study individual complexity dimensions and to explore different degrees of challenge for different dimensions. Our approach essentially makes it possible to empirically investigate the +1 of Krashen's i+1, the challenge that best fosters development given the learner's interlanguage. On the practical side, we discuss an ICALL system demonstrating the viabilityof the approach in real-life..

Bifurcation and Quasiperiodic Behaviors of Ion Acoustic Waves in Magnetoplasmas with Nonthermal Electrons Featuring Tsallis Distribution

Bifurcation and quasiperiodic behaviors of ion acoustic waves in electron-ion magnetoplasmas with non- thermal electrons featuring Cairns-Tsallis distribution have been investigated on the frameworks of non-perturbed and perturbed Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equations, respec- tively. Employing the reductive perturbation technique (RPT), we have derived the KP equation in electron- ion magnetoplasmas with nonthermal electrons featur- ing Cairns-Tsallis distribution. Bifurcations of ion acous- tic traveling waves of the KP equation have been pre- sented. Using the bifurcation theory of planar dynam- ical systems, the existence of solitary wave solutions and periodic traveling wave solutions has been estab- lished. Three analytical solutions of these waves have been derived depending on the system parameters. Considering an external periodic perturbation, we have presented the quasiperiodic behavior of ion acoustic waves in electron-ion magnetoplasmas.

Control Robusto de Posición para un Sistema Mecánico Subactuado con Fricción y Holgura Elástica

It is presented a control strategy that combines the tech- niques of sliding mode control and nonlinear H∞ control to solve the position control problem of an underactuated mechan- ical system with friction and an elastic backlash. It is shown that the controlled system has a set of equilibrium points, and all the closed-loop trajectories converge asymptotically to that set, achieving a minimally bounded steady state position error, in spite of the presence of certain types of disturbances. More- over, the controller attenuates the effect of external disturbances and uncertainties in the modeling of the plant. The controller has been implemented in an experimental platform that verifies the theoretical results.

Rapid Earthquake Characterization Using MEMS Accelerometers and Volunteer Hosts Following the M 7.2 Darfield, New Zealand, Earthquake

We test the feasibility of rapidly detecting and characterizing earthquakes with the Quake-Catcher Network (QCN) that connects low-cost microelectromechan- ical systems accelerometers to a network of volunteer-owned, Internet-connected com- puters. Following the 3 September 2010 M 7.2 Darfield, New Zealand, earthquake we installed over 180 QCN sensors in the Christchurch region to record the aftershock se- quence. The sensors are monitored continuously by the host computer and send trigger reports to the central server. The central server correlates incoming triggers to detect when an earthquake has occurred. The location and magnitude are then rapidly esti- mated from a minimal set of received ground-motion parameters. Full seismic time series are typically not retrieved for tens of minutes or even hours after an event. We benchmark the QCN real-time detection performance against the GNS Science GeoNet earthquake catalog. Under normal network operations, QCN detects and characterizes earthquakeswithin9.1softheearthquakeruptureanddeterminesthemagnitudewithin 1 magnitude unit of that reported in the GNS catalog for 90% of the detections.

Fast Spatiotemporal Correlation Spectroscopy to Determine Protein Lateral Diffusion Laws in Live Cell Membranes

Fast Spatiotemporal Correlation Spectroscopy to Determine Protein Lateral Diffusion Laws in Live Cell Membranes

AND-NOT logic framework for steady state analysis of Boolean network models

In this paper we propose the class of AND-NOT networks for modeling biological systems and show that it provides several advantages. Some of the advantages include: Any finite dynam ical system can be written as an AND-NOT network with similar dynamical properties. There is a one-to-one correspondence between AND-NOT networks, their wiring diagrams, and their dynamics. Results about AND-NOT networks can be stated at the wiring diagram level without losing any information. Results about AND-NOT networks are applicable to any Boolean network. We apply our results to a Boolean model of Th-cell differentiation.

Little Things With Big Effects

Error diagnosis in ICALL typically analyzes learner input in an attempt to abstract and identify indicators of the learner's (mis)conceptions of linguistic properties. For written input, this process usually starts with the identification of tokens that will serve as the atomic building blocks of the analysis. In this paper, we discuss the consequences of mismatches between the learner's perception of a given token and the system's interpretation of its linguistic properties. Based on our analysis of the interaction of beginning learners of Portuguese with the ICALL system TAGARELA, we discuss why tokenization and the interpretation of accented characters deserve particular attention in a system used by language learners. On the computational side, we argue that the mismatches arising in such cases can be addressed in a general way by building ICALL systems on an annotation-based natural language processing architecture which monotonically enriches the representation of learner input.

Multiple Learner Errors and Meaningful Feedback

This paper describes a web-based ICALL system for German that provides error-specific feedback suited to learner expertise. The main focus of the discussion is on the Domain Knowledge and the Filtering Module. The Domain Knowledge represents the knowledge of linguistic rules and vocabulary, and its goal is to parse sentences and phrases to produce sets of phrase descriptors. Phrase descriptors provide very detailed information on the types of errors and their location in the sentence. The Filtering Module is responsible for processing multiple learner errors. Motivated by pedagogical and linguistic design decisions, the Filtering Module ranks student errors by way of an Error Priority Queue. The Error Priority Queue is flexible: the grammar constraints can be reordered to reflect the desired emphasis of a particular exercise. In addition, a language instructor might choose not to report some errors. The paper concludes with a study that supports the need for a CALL system that addresses multiple errors by considering language teaching pedagogy.

Annotation of Korean Learner Corpora for Particle Error Detection

In this study, we focus on particle errors and discuss an annotation scheme for Korean learner corpora that can be used to extract heuristic patterns of particle errors efficiently. We investigate different properties of particle errors so that they can be later used to identify learner errors automatically, and we provide resourceful annotation guidelines. We present issues that are relevant to learner error annotation including how to classify particle error types, present correct tokens, mark overlapping error types, and so on. Accurate annotation of particle errors will be useful for extracting relevant error rules and will provide substantial benefits to the development of ICALL systems. We argue that it is necessary to link annotation with feedback procedures to increase the efficiency of systems. Furthermore, we investigate whether heritage learners and nonheritage learners generate different error patterns and discuss significant implications for heritage versus nonheritage language learning.

New Template-Template-enhanced ICALL System for a Second Language Composition Course

To solve a bottleneck problem of authoring a finite state automaton (FSA)-based ICALL system capable of automatically correcting free format English composition sentences, we have developed a new template-template scheme to simplify and streamline the labor-intensive input processes of the network of possible answers. This is achieved by exploiting a simple rule-based approach to the template construction which allows us to integrate complex template patterns into a simpler single template and also to generate many patterns, particularly those of grammatical errors, automatically. This approach contributes to a reduction both in computational processing time and complexity of the system and opens a wide door for a new natural language processing (NLP)-based dialogue system (written and spoken) of future man-machine interactive systems.

Error Recognition and Feedback with Lexical Functional Grammar

This paper describes the error recognition module of an interactive ICALL system with a special focus on the underlying grammar theory. Using the system, language learners are invited to produce complete written sentences in small question-answer dialogs with the computer. This setting challenges learners to use language interactively in order to enhance the development of communicative competence. Emphasis is put on the possibility of giving adequate feedback to the learner if a syntactically ill formed sentence is encountered. It is argued that the theory of Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG) is well suited to be used in the parsing and error recognition module of the system as well as to provide intelligent feedback to learners. The concepts and structures used in LFG closely resemble the descriptive knowledge of language learners about a language, and, therefore, the results of an automatic analysis can easily be translated from a computationally tractable form to language easily understood by the learner.

DYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF THE OREGONATOR MODEL WITH DELAY

Delayed feedbacks are quite common in many physical and biolog- ical systems and in particular many physiological systems. Delay can cause a stable system to become unstable and vice versa. One of the well-studied non-biological chemical oscillators is the Belousov-Zhabotinsky(BZ) reaction. This paper presents an investigation of stability and Hopf bifurcation of the Oregonator model with delay. We analyze the stability of the equilibrium by using linear stability method. When the eigenvalues of the characteristic equation associated with the linear part are pure imaginary, we obtain the corresponding delay value. We nd that stability of the steady state changes when the delay passes through the critical value. Then, we calculate the ex- plicit formulae for determining the direction of the Hopf bifurcation and the stability of these periodic solutions bifurcating from the steady states, by using the normal form theory and the center manifold theorem. Finally, numerical simulations results are given to support the theoretical predictions by using Matlab and DDE-Biftool.

In Quest of ‘Good’ Medical Classification Systems

Medical classification systems aim to provide a manageable taxonomy for sorting diagno- ses into their proper classes. The question, this paper wants to critically examine, is how to correctly systematise diseases within classification systems that are applied in a variety of different settings. ICD and DSM, the two major classification systems in med- icine and psychiatry, will be the main subjects of this paper; however, the arguments are not restricted to these classification systems but point out general methodological and epistemological challenges of classifying diseases for differing purposes. Deciding what qualifies as a disease to be included into a classification system as well as choosing a specific validator for correctly systematising diseases is complicated because the broad applicability of med- ical classification systems simultaneously appears as aim and challenge. Drawing upon the case study of classifying Alzheimer's disease, this paper will address three dilemmas in designing 'good' medical classification systems. They are due to general epistemological problems of medicine, such as the relationship between individual manifestations of diseases and the necessity of building groups in order to scientifically elucidate causes of diseases. Moreover, they involve pragmatic issues of designing usable classifications that allow for easily discrimi- nating between classes of diseases, restricting, how- ever, the completeness of disease representations. This paper wants to trace how the choice of certain validators is unavoidably value-laden and deeply intertwined with epistemological assumptions of how different uses relate to each other, resulting either in a prioritisation of (constrained) coherence or of (vague) pluralistic connectibility.

Integral Input-to-Output Stability for one Class of Discontinuous Dynamical Systems

It is well known that integral input-to-output stability(IIOS) is weaker than input-to -output stability(IOS).In this paper,IIOS problems for one class of discontinuous dynamical systems are considered.Piecewise smooth IIOS-Lyapunov functions are adopted.Furthermore,interconnecti ons of discontinuous dynamical systems are studied.The results for a class of discontinuous dynam ical systems and interconnection of discontinuous dynamical systems' IIOS character are shown,res pectively.

Treatment of dust-gas-air emissions from machine-tool and metalworking plants

At machinetool and metalworking plants, the largescale generation of dust and noxious gases is mainly associated with casting, forging, pressing, modeling, and mechanical operations. Industrial dust consists primarily of iron and manganese oxides, as well as some compounds of magnesium, aluminum, and other elements. A considerable quantity of dust enters the air as a result of the preparation of molding mixtures, the emptying of molds, and the operation of tumbling drums and other equipment. Volatile dust formed in machinetool and metal� working plants generally contains a whole range of ele� ments. Heavy metals released as fine aerosols pose a particular risk to humans, animals, and plants. Heavy metals are protoplasmic nuclei, whose toxicity increases with increase in atomic mass. The toxicity of heavy metals is differently expressed. At high concen� trations, many heavy metals (copper, mercury) inhibit enzymes. Some heavy metals (iron) form chelatelike complexes with ordinary metabolites, thereby disrupt� ing ordinary mass transfer. Metals such as cadmium and copper interact with cell membranes and change their permeability and other properties (for example, rupture of cell membranes). Some heavy metals com� pete with elements that are necessary to plants, thereby disrupting correct functioning. For example, cadmium displaces zinc, and the resulting zinc defi� ciency may result in plant death. The toxicity of mer� cury depends on the particular compound. The most toxic are organic compounds: methylmercury, dime� thylmercury, and ethylmercury. A high lead content may suppress plant growth and provoke chlorosis due to disruption of iron supplies. At machinetool and metalworking plant, two main systems of dust capture generally operate: a technologi� cal system and a healthrelated system. The technolog� ical system extracts dust and toxic gases from the dust- gas-air emissions used for technological purposes; the healthrelated system is intended to protect the atmo� sphere from toxic pollutants in the dust-gas-air emis� sions formed in the production process. The treatment of industrial dust-gas-air emissions is necessary to improve working conditions and also to permit the extraction of valuable components from the dust. At many manufacturing enterprises, the processing of various materials releases specific dust into the workplace atmosphere. In particular, the use of PVC (film, fiber, electrical insulation, pipe, linoleum) is associated with the release of considerable dust (PVC and its disintegration products) into the air. This may result in acute and chronic poisoning of the workers. Direct contact with PVC dust may lead to pathological changes in the respiratory system. Gas welding and electrowelding releases large quantities of fine dust— consisting of iron oxides with added manganese, sili� con dioxide, fluorides, and other compounds—into the air of assembly and other shops. Welders and gas cutters are at risk of pneumoconiosis. Knowing the chemical composition of industrial dust-gas-air emissions at machinetool and metal� working plants, we may identify the sources of pollu� tion; establish the range of pollutants; and more pre� cisely assess the pollution burden on the atmosphere and the possible environmental risk to public health. We need to know the chemical composition of indus� trial emissions in order to organize environmental monitoring at machinetool and metalworking plants, to improve systems for the suppression and treatment of industrial emissions, and to select appropriate uses for the collected pollutants.

Optimal design of a system of distillation columns

Systems of distillation columns for separation of multicomponent mixtures are highly metaland energyintensive. Therefore, in optimal design of dis� tillation units, the optimality criterion is generally economic criteria, including investment and operating costs. The investment cost is proportional to the metal and content of the plant and depends on the number of separation stages and the reflux ratios (reflux flows) in distillation columns. The cost of a column increases with an increase in the number of separation stages (trays) and, hence, in the column height. An increase in the reflux ratio initially leads to reduction in the col� umn cost because the number of trays decreases. How� ever, further enhancement of internal liquid and vapor flows in the column causes an increase in the column diameter, which increases the column cost. The oper� ating cost is constituted by the costs of arrangement of vapor flows in columns and heating and cooling of intermediate and end flows. The operating cost increases with an increase in the reflux ratio. Conse� quently, from the energy standpoint, distillation should be performed at minimum reflux. At the same time, at minimum reflux, the number of separation stages is maximal. Hence, the main problem of opti� mal design of distillation units is to find a tradeoff between the investment (lumpsum) cost of installa� tion and the operating cost of operation (1-3). The issue of optimal design of distillation columns was considered in a large number of works. This issue can be split into at least two problems. The first prob� lem is to find the optimal sequence of distillation col� umns that ensures the minimal cost of separation. The second problem is to optimize a distillation plant of a given topology that minimizes the total (investment and operating) costs. In this work, we propose a new approach to solving the second problem. The optimal design problem is posed as follows. Given are the parameters (flow rate, composition, temperature, pressure) of multicomponent feed sup� plied for separation, the topology (sequence of distil� lation columns) of the separation plant to be designed, and requirements for quality of end products. It is nec� essary to design a system of distillation columns, namely, to determine the number of trays in each col� umn, feed points, and column operation modes at which the reduced cost criterion (sum of operating and investment costs) takes the minimal value and the requirements for quality of end products are met. Let us consider a distillation plant as a single chem� ical engineering system consisting of N distillation columns the optimal design of which is proposed to be performed using a global approach. In this case, the design problem reduces to discretecontinuous opti� mization of the entire system simultaneously, in which discrete variables are the numbers of trays of the exhausting and rectifying sections of each column and continuous variables are operating parameters.

Entropy dimension and variational principle

Recently the notions of entropy dimension for topological dynam- ical system and measure theoretical dynamical system were introduced respec- tively. In this paper, we give a class of strictly ergodic models of which the topological entropy dimension ranges from zero to one and of which the mea- sure theoretical entropy dimension is identically zero. Hence the variational principle on entropy dimension does not hold.

APPROXIMATION BASED ADAPTIVE TRACKING CONTROL OF UNCERTAIN NONHOLONOMIC MECHANICAL SYSTEMS

In this paper, the trajectory tracking control problem of uncertain nonholonomic mechan- ical systems is investigated. By separately consider- ing kinematic and dynamic models of a nonholonomic mechanical system, a new adaptive tracking control is proposed based on neural network approximation. The proposed design consists of two steps. First, the nonholonomic kinematic subsystem is transformed into a chained form, and the corresponding optimal control is derived. Second, an adaptive neural con- trol is designed for the dynamic subsystem to make the outputs of the dynamic subsystem asymptotically track the optimal control signals chosen for the kine- matic subsystem. The proposed control is simulated on a unicycle wheeled mobile robot.

Construction grammar in ICALL

The choice of grammatical framework in ICALL – the branch of CALL that applies artificial intelligence techniques – has important implications for both research and development. Matthews (1993) argued for one ‘that potentially meshes with SLA (second language acquisition)’ (p. 5) and sketches three criteria that facilitate the crucial decision of selecting a grammatical framework for an ICALL system: computational effectiveness, linguistic perspicuity and acquisitional perspicuity. We will use Matthews' three adequacy criteria to review recent research in construction grammar and propose its application in ICALL, particularly in projects which involve the building of a student model. Such a student modeling project – Mocha – will be sketched briefly to provide a concrete context for the conceptualisation and implementation of construction grammar. This grammatical framework has the potential to help overcome some challenges in ICALL and to facilitate a more thorough analysis of learner language in context and thus improve our knowledge about language learning processes.