Khaldun Research Articles

Evaluation of Ibn Khaldun’s Muqaddima in Terms of Food Studies

The Purpose of the Study: Food studies is a multidisciplinary academic field that examines the cultural, social, economic, and political dimensions of food. This study aims to evaluate Ibn Khaldun's Muqaddimah through the lens of food studies, thus providing a novel perspective on this classic text. The significance of this study is heightened by the fact that it is the first to analyze Ibn Khaldun's most important work, the Muqaddimah, from the perspective of food studies, thereby contributing substantially to the literature. Method: The study utilized document review as the primary data collection tool, with content analysis employed for data evaluation. Relevant passages in the Muqaddimah about food studies were identified through document scanning and subsequently categorized into themes via content analysis. These themes were then interpreted and evaluated in the context of food studies. Result: Content analysis of the identified passages revealed the overarching theme of “The effect of food on people and society.” This primary theme was further divided into five sub-themes: (1) food, nutrition, and culture; (2) food, nutrition, and social structure; (3) food, nutrition, and geography; (4) food, political, and economic systems; and (5) food, nutrition, religion, and health. Conclusion: The Muqaddimah offers a comprehensive examination of the effects of food on the economic and social structures of societies. It delves into the cultural, economic, and health dimensions of food, emphasizing the critical importance of food security for societal well-being and stability. Overall, this study provides a significant perspective on contemporary discussions and research in food studies, and it serves as a valuable resource for understanding the historical roots of this field.

A phenomenological approach to Ibn Khaldun's concept of group feeling

A phenomenological approach to Ibn Khaldun's concept of group feeling

Coexistence between Muslims and non-Muslims in Ibn Khaldun’s Sociological Perspective

Religion was initially intended to provide solutions for humanity to live a better and more harmonious life. However, in recent decades, numerous conflicts have arisen due to the actions of certain religious adherents in the name of their religious teachings. One of the primary causes of these conflicts is the emergence of radical attitudes, where adherents of one religion view those of other religions as inherently wrong. This has resulted in strained relations between religious communities, fostering hostility rather than understanding. Consequently, various studies and efforts have emerged to promote coexistence among different religious groups. Most of these studies focus on strategies for harmonious interaction between Muslims and non-Muslims but often overlook a critical aspect: the extent to which Islamic teachings permit Muslims to interact with adherents of other religions. This paper explores the perspective of Ibn Khaldun, a pioneering Muslim sociologist, on the concept of coexistence between Muslims and non-Muslims. Specifically, it examines Ibn Khaldun's views on how coexistence can be realized and the limits Islam sets for interactions between its adherents and followers of other religions. Furthermore, the paper analyzes how Ibn Khaldun’s ideas can be applied to contemporary religious contexts. The goal is to position religion, particularly Islam, as a means to address and resolve issues arising from religious diversity rather than being a source of conflict. These efforts are carefully framed within the boundaries established by Islamic Sharia, ensuring that solutions remain faithful to the principles of Islamic teachings.

Perkembangan Pemikiran Ekonomi dan Peradaban Islam Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Sejarah

This research aims to analyze the development of Islamic economic thought and civilization from a historical perspective, focusing on the contributions of major thinkers and their impact on contemporary economic practice. The research method used is qualitative analysis with a historical approach, which involves a literature review from primary and secondary sources, as well as case studies on the implementation of sharia economics in various countries. The results show that Islamic economic thought has undergone a significant evolution, from the time of the Prophet Muhammad to the modern era, with figures such as Ibn Khaldun and Umer Chapra playing an important role in formulating relevant theories. The study also found that the application of sharia principles in the contemporary economy can provide solutions to current social and economic challenges, as well as promote sustainable and inclusive growth.

Keutamaan Ilmu Sebagai Fondasi Dalam Membangun Peradaban Islam Di Era Modern: Perspektif Nilai Dan Relevansi Kontemporer

The supremacy of knowledge plays a central role in building Islamic civilization, both in classical and modern eras. This study aims to analyze the values of the supremacy of knowledge based on the perspectives of the Qur’an, Hadith, and the thoughts of classical scholars such as Al-Ghazali, Ibn Khaldun, and Al-Farabi. Additionally, this research explores the relevance of knowledge in addressing the challenges of globalization and the dynamics of the digital age. Using a descriptive qualitative research method, primary data consisting of Qur'anic verses, Hadith, and classical scholars' works are combined with secondary data, including books on the history of Islamic civilization, scholarly articles, and contemporary references. The research findings indicate that knowledge is regarded as the main pillar in building a civilization rooted in Islamic values. The Qur’an and Hadith explicitly position knowledge as both an obligation and a path to the glory of individuals and society. The thoughts of classical scholars highlight the importance of integrating religious knowledge and general knowledge to create a balance between worldly and spiritual happiness. In the modern era, the supremacy of knowledge remains relevant as a tool to address the challenges of globalization, particularly through the use of technology and innovation based on Islamic values. This study concludes that the synergy between religious knowledge and modern science can shape a progressive and morally upright Islamic civilization. Knowledge not only serves as a medium for social transformation but also as a spiritual foundation for building a resilient Muslim identity in the contemporary era. The relevance of the values of the supremacy of knowledge provides a strategic guide for Muslims to contribute to global civilization without losing the essence of Islam.

'Commodities move easily, as can people… but ideas and cultural practices are easier to transplant than translate’

Nile Green is a historian of the multiple globalisations of Islam and Muslims. After beginning his career as a historian of India and Pakistan, he has traced Muslim networks that connect Afghanistan, Iran, the Indian Ocean, Africa, Japan, Europe, and America. He has published ten books on the subject, including the award-winning volumes Bombay Islam: The Religious Economy of the West Indian Ocean, 1840-1915 (Cambridge University Press, 2011) and How Asia Found Herself: A Story of Intercultural Understanding (Yale University Press, 2022). He serves as Professor & Ibn Khaldun Endowed Chair in World History at the University of California, Los Angeles. This interview has been edited for length and clarity.

Islamic Classical Literature (A.D. 950–1450) on Institutionalisation of Ethics for Regulating Markets and Society

The third expansion of the Islamic Caliphate (AD950–1450) produced the need for formalising an ethical framework to create an institutionalised approach to market regulations. During these times significant contribution to the literature was made regarding the modelling of the ethical premise of the duty to subscribe good and prohibit wrongs. It ranged from the formation of vigilante-styled civil duties to the institutionalisation of ethics in the form of the institution of hisbah, which is broadly understood as a quasi-autonomous non-governmental organisation (quango) designed to establish the ethical mandate within the medieval Muslim world. Our investigation maps the development of thoughts on embedding ethical rules in markets and within society between AD950–1450. This study explores and conceptualises the models for market regulations proposed by Al-Mawardi (d.AD1058), Al-Ghazali (d.AD1111), Ibn Taymiyya (d.AD1328), and Ibn Khaldun (d.AD1406). We formulate and compare the ethical models of these scholars in the context of their political–social positionings. The rationale for choosing these four scholars is the wide articulation and recognition of their logical ideas throughout Islamic history. This research examines the historic–ethical patterns within the corpus of Islamic thoughts that provide a discourse deixis for constructing regulatory models as conceptualised by these scholars for the institutionalised governance of markets and society in general.

Evolusi Pemikiran Ekonomi Islam: dari Islamic Golden Age hingga Tantangan Ekonomi Modern

Islamic economic thought experienced significant development during the Islamic Golden Age, with Muslim scholars making major contributions to global economic knowledge. During this period, thinkers such as Al-Farabi, Ibn Khaldun, and Al-Ghazali introduced concepts focused on justice, social welfare, and a balance between material and spiritual needs. Through the translation of scholarly works, many Islamic economic concepts were transmitted to Europe, which was experiencing intellectual stagnation during the Dark Ages. This influence helped revive interest in economic thought in the West, particularly during the Renaissance. However, following the Islamic Golden Age, a substantial gap emerged in economic thought development between the Islamic world and the West. As the West progressed through the Industrial Revolution and the rise of capitalism, Islamic economic thought faced a period of stagnation. This article examines the historical development of Islamic economic thought, the impact of knowledge transmission from the Islamic world to the West, and the relevance of Islamic economics in addressing modern economic challenges such as social inequality, financial crises, and the need for a more ethical and sustainable economic system.

IBN KHALDUN'S EDUCATIONAL THOUGHTS AND THEIR RELEVANCE TO ISLAMIC BASIC EDUCATION

This research focuses on Ibn Khaldun's thoughts about education and its relevance to the basic education system. In the development of education in Indonesia, secular thinking dominates, which results in the breakdown of the unity of personality. Ibnu Khaldun, apart from being a scientist and historian, was also a phenomenal figure in Islamic education. This research describes the concept of education according to Ibn Khaldun, including educational objectives, students, educators, learning methods, curriculum, and educational environment. The research method used is literature study with reference to Ibn Khaldun's phenomenal work, namely the book "Al-Muqaddimah," as well as other books that examine his thoughts. The main conclusion from this research is that there is relevance between Ibn Khaldun's concept of education and the national education system, especially basic education, so that this idea can be a reference for the development of basic education in Indonesia.

Can Religion Drive Malaysian Muslim Entrepreneurs to Embrace Challenges in Eco-Friendly Document Management and Contribute Financially In Sustainable Business as Part of Sustainable Development Goals?

Objective: The objectives of this study are to explore the practice of paperless document systems and the perception of financial contribution among Muslim entrepreneurs in Malaysia as an effort to achieve SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production. Theoretical Framework: This research is conducted based on the cyclical theory of civilisation of Ibn Khaldun especially on how civilisation rise and fall based on the resource management and governance, with sustainability playing a critical role in the prosperity and decline. Method: Surveys were distributed to 204 respondents who attended six-series of business management seminars, and interviews were conducted among 10 participants. The data were analysed using SPSS software and thematic analysis was conducted to analyse the interview. Results and Discussion: The results show that businesses use paperless document systems moderately. Many still switch between digital and physical storage. The financial commitment to sustainability is low. Most entrepreneurs were worried about high costs and the unexpected returns. There are a few major hurdles, like disorganized digital storage, limited knowledge and time to explore sustainability. However, some entrepreneurs feel driven to adopt sustainable practices because of their religious beliefs, particularly purpose as the Khalīfah. Research Implications: The findings provide initial data for future research especially in developing modules for Muslim entrepreneurs in Malaysia. It also provide the government and stakeholder on the factors and solutions of the contribution in sustainable business. Originality/Value: Its originality lies in its focus on the role of religion and knowledge in motivating Muslim entrepreneurs to contribute in sustainability vision of the governement, providing a new perspective different from other tangible and intangible motivation.

The Revival of Classical Wisdom: Implementing Mixed Learning Approach Based on Ibnu Khaldun's Theory in Pesantren

This study explores applying Ibn Khaldun's mixed learning concept to improving learning outcomes in Islamic boarding schools. The study used a qualitative approach through interviews, observations, and documentation, which were then analyzed using the Optimal Matching Analysis (OMA) method. The study results showed that cognitive learning concepts, such as concept learning, understanding, problem-solving, logic, and public speaking, developed significantly through the fat al-listen constructivism-based forum. Learning outcomes are not only limited to understanding but also include analysis, even to the creation stage. The class discussion forum becomes a stepping stone for students to face more significant challenges outside the classroom. The four Fatq al-Lisan constructivism-based forums ala Ibn Khaldun positively impact the development of linguistic, logic, and interpersonal skills, which are part of multiple intelligences. These findings have implications for the development of 21st-century skills, where students are not only required to master higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) collaboratively but also support linguistic, logical, and interpersonal skills.

Pendekatan Kepemimpinan Kependidikan Al-Ghazali dan Ibnu Khaldun: Relevansi dalam Manajemen Agile Modern

Leadership is an individual's personal ability that plays an important role in bringing the organisation to its goals. The complexity of the environment of modern society, along with the pressure of competition between educational institutions, the increasing expectations of parents and the need to introduce changes in the process of working in Islamic educational institutions led to a great deal of interest in agile management methods. Al Ghazali and Ibn Khaldun are great figures who pay great attention to the world of education, including the concept of educational leadership. The presence of leaders in facing these conditions is absolutely necessary so that Islamic educational institutions can still exist to contribute to the intellectual life of the nation. The purpose of this research is to examine the concept of educational leadership of Al-Ghazali and Ibn Khaldun and explain the relevance of these concepts in the context of agile management. This research uses the Library Research method. The author searches for literature sources in the form of books and journals. The analysis used is comparative analysis. The conclusion of this research is the relevance of the concept of educational leadership of Al-Ghazali and Ibn Khaldun in the context of agile management, namely working to achieve the pleasure of Allah swt, holding fast to the goals of Islamic education, having leadership skills, involving customers in educational projects, involving customers in educational projects, teamwork and collaboration, new work processes, regular reflection and continuous quality improvement.

Educational Construction in Ibn Khaldun's Philosophy: Literary Analysis and Contribution to Contemporary Islamic Education

This article aims to analyze the construction of education in Ibn Khaldun's philosophy and explore its contribution to contemporary Islamic education through a literature-based approach. Using library research methods, this study examines Ibn Khaldun's major work, Muqaddimah, along with various secondary literatures that discuss his philosophical views on education. The findings reveal that Ibn Khaldun views education as a gradual social process, emphasizing practical and moral learning, and the importance of critical, non-dogmatic education. This concept is relevant to the challenges of modern Islamic education, particularly in efforts to integrate intellectual and ethical education to build a generation that contributes to the advancement of civilization.

Unveiling Barriers and Challenges of AI Technology Integration in Education: Assessing Teachers’ Perceptions, Readiness and Anticipated Resistance

This study seeks to fill a gap in the literature concerning the extrinsic barriers that affect the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, such as ChatGPT, within the educational sphere. While previous studies have predominantly focused on intrinsic factors like teachers’ attitudes and beliefs, as well as the general benefits and drawbacks of AI in education, there has been limited investigation into how external obstacles, such as large class sizes, insufficient resources, slow internet connections, and outdated technology, affect this integration. The importance of this study lies in its assessment of whether these extrinsic barriers contribute to teachers' resistance to embracing AI technology. This study employs a quantitative method to explore this issue, using a questionnaire administered to thirteen (n=13) EFL instructors from the Department of English at Ibn Khaldoun University of Tiaret, Algeria. The results derived from this study reveal that while participants recognised AI's potential to improve student learning and expressed confidence in its integration, they also identified extrinsic barriers such as technical complexity, inadequate training, limited resources, and large class sizes as critical factors contributing to their resistance to incorporating AI tools into their teaching practices. This research emphasises the necessity of addressing these external barriers to better align technological innovations with teachers' needs and readiness, thereby enhancing the effective integration of AI in education.

Comprehensive Study of Factors Affecting e-Learning Participant Satisfaction: A Study on Online Pendidikan Profesi Guru at Ibn Khaldun Bogor University

E-learning has evolved from being optional to indispensable in contemporary education due to advancements in technology and the evolving educational landscape. The growth trajectory of e-learning is poised to accelerate further, with projections indicating a user base of approximately 21.6 million by 2029. This study examines the environmental factors of e-learning that influence participant satisfaction in the Pendidikan Profesi Guru (PPG) Program at Ibn Khaldun University Bogor that is held via e-learning, currently conducted with 147 respondents. This research employed a quantitative method with nine variables, including one dependent variable, participant satisfaction in e-learning, and eight independent variables representing factors affecting satisfaction. Data were analysed using Partial Least Squares (PLS) and multiple linear regression analysis. The study found that all independent variables positively influence partici-pant satisfaction in e-learning, with 4 variables significantly af-fecting satisfaction: e-learning flexibility, technology quality, in-ternet quality, and interaction in the e-learning environment. The implications of this study extend beyond the PPG Program, suggesting relevance to other educational and training initiatives conducted via e-learning. Researchers propose further exploration of additional influencing factors to enhance the comprehensiveness of future studies. In conclusion, as e-learning continues to gain prominence, addressing the identified environmental factors becomes crucial for insti-tutions striving to deliver high-quality educational experiences. By adapting to these insights, educational providers can better meet the diverse needs of learners in the digital era, thereby fostering an inclusive and effective learning environment conducive to en-hanced participant satisfaction and educational outcomes.

Phenomenological Study and The Effect of Human Resources Capability and The Implementation of Performance-Based Budgeting (PBB) Model on Institution Performance

The purpose of this study was to analyze the phenomenological study and the effect of human resources capability and the implementation of performance based budgeting (PBB) on institution performance. This study uses mix method. The results of deep interview can concluded that the implementation of PBB at University of Ibn Khaldun Bogor had been carried out but haven’t maximal yet in implementation. The relationship between the human resources capability and the implementation of PBB with institution performance will be tested using multiple linear regression analysis. The independent variables are the human resources capability and the implementation of PBB and the dependent variable is institution performance. The relationship between variabels can be written: Y = 0,467+ 0,183 X1 + 0,798X2. Based on a multiple regression test, only the implementation of performance based budgeting variables have a significant effect on institution performance. The F test showed that all variables can explain the dependent variables. The coefficient of determination of 75,4% means human resources capability and the implementation of performance based budgeting affect institution performance by 75,4%, and the remaining 24,6% is influenced by other factors that are not described in this study.

Pengaruh Komunikasi dalam Keluarga terhadap Motivasi Belajar Mahasiswa Komunikasi dan Penyiaran Islam Universitas Ibn Khaldun Bogor

Communication in the family is important to create good relationships between family members. Lack of communication and parental attention can affect the learning motivation of 4th and 6th semester students of the Islamic Communication and Broadcasting study program, Ibn Khaldun University, Bogor. This study uses a quantitative method with a descriptive approach. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire distributed to 67 student respondent. The data analysis technique uses a simple linear regression test and the (t) test. The results of study showed that communication in the family has an influence of 59,4% on the learning motivation of 4th and 6th semester students of the Islamic Communication and broadcasting study program, Ibn Khaldun University, Bogor. In addition, see from the Beta Standard Coefficient value of 0,771, it means that communication in the family has a positive influence on student learning motivation.

Exploring influential factors in selecting halal pharmaceuticals among students (study case IAI Tazkia & University Ibnu Khaldun in Bogor)

Users of halal-certified medicines involve individuals, groups, and organizations; individual actors cannot be separated from students. Several factors influence students who use halal-certified medicines, including attitudes, subjective norms, and purchase intentions. These factors are motivated by the desires and needs of students. This study investigates the impact of knowledge, attitudes, and subjective norms on the purchase intention of halal-certified medicines. The research explores the factors influencing the intention to purchase halal-certified over-the-counter medicines among students at IAI Tazkia and Ibn Khaldun University in Bogor. Data collection primarily comprises primary data. The primary data utilized in this study were gathered by distributing questionnaires to 215 student respondents. This research uses a qualitative methodology and is analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the help of SmartPLS 3 software with 215 respondents. The results showed that the attitude variables and subjective norms were significantly affected. On the other hand, the knowledge variable was found to have a low influence on the purchase intention of halal medicines among Muslim students, indicating that other factors may play a more significant role in their purchase decisions. Keywords: Attitude, Halal medicine, Purchase intention, Subjective norms

Triticum durum productivity and adaptability of two genotypes under water deficit in Algerian high plains

Over the past few decades, Algeria has experienced a significant decline in rainfall patterns, which has been exacerbated by increasing hot spells leading to elevated rates of evapotranspiration. This combination of factors has induced severe water stress, critically impacting agricultural productivity, particularly in cereal production. Recognizing the urgency of this issue, our study was conducted over two consecutive cropping seasons at the experimental agricultural site of Ibn Khaldoun University in Tiaret, located in the western region of Algeria. We specifically investigated the performance of two durum wheat cultivars, ACSAD 297 and CTA 159, under conditions of water stress typical of the Algerian high plains. Our research focused on the impacts of water deficits during the grain filling phase, assessing their effects on seed formation, seed quality, and overall yield development. The results highlighted that contributions from various plant components to grain filling were notably affected by water availability, with lower leaves contributing 22%, the flag leaf 15%, the ear 14%, the ear neck 10%, and awns less than 1%. Notably, the ACSAD 297 cultivar exhibited superior drought tolerance compared to CTA 159, indicating its potential for cultivation in arid conditions. Furthermore, we established strong correlations between grain diameter, thousand grain weight, and stem height, which could inform future breeding initiatives. These findings not only provide important targets for enhancing drought resistance in durum wheat but also have broader implications for improving wheat productivity in semi-arid regions around the world, contributing to food security in the face of climate change.

Pemikiran Ibnu Khaldun Tentang Pendidikan Dan Relevansinya Dalam Sistem Pendidikan Kontemporer

Ibn Khaldun, a prominent 14th-century Islamic scholar, offered groundbreaking ideas on education that continue to hold relevance in contemporary educational systems. His thoughts emerged from a broader context of Islamic scholarship, emphasizing the importance of knowledge acquisition for both individual and societal advancement. The purpose of this study is to examine Ibn Khaldun's educational philosophy and explore its relevance to modern education systems. Drawing on his magnum opus, Muqaddimah, this study delves into his concepts of the stages of learning, the role of the teacher, and the importance of experience alongside theoretical knowledge. The research employs a qualitative analysis of primary sources, with a focus on comparing traditional Islamic thought with modern educational theories. Findings suggest that Ibn Khaldun’s holistic approach to education (1)combining moral, intellectual, and practical (2)provides valuable insights for addressing current educational challenges, such as fostering critical thinking and adapting to the evolving demands of a globalized world. The study concludes that Ibn Khaldun’s educational philosophy remains highly relevant, particularly in terms of cultivating well-rounded individuals and promoting a dynamic, adaptable educational system.