IBM PC Research Articles

Automation studies of thermo-stressed state of the core when exposed to local heat fluxes, heat transfer

Many load-bearing elements of power plants are influenced by local heat flows and convective heat exchangers. Because of this, a deformed thermostress state is formed in the bearing elements in the form of a rod of limited length. Therefore, it is important to develop special computational algorithms and corresponding programs for automated research of rods of limited length. At the same time, the developed system must take into account the physical-mechanical and geometric characteristics of the studied core and the simultaneous presence of local convective heat exchange.This work uses the fundamental laws of energy saving. The developed calculation algorithm is implemented in the form of an IBM PC Python program. The results are presented in tables.

One-dimensional packaging with method of modified ant colony

The study explores the use of the ant algorithm for solving one-dimensional packing problems. It discusses the structure of the decision search graph, the search process on the graph, methods of pheromone deposition and evaporation. The study employs a cyclic method of ant systems. A new strategy for finding effective solutions is proposed based on modification and hybridization of the canonical representations of the particle swarm algorithm. The paradigm of a swarm of transforming chromosomes is described, which provides the ability to represent solutions in the affine space of chromosomes with integer parameter values. The mechanisms of chromosome transformation in the affine space to increase the weight of affine bonds are considered. Experimental research was conducted on an IBM PC, showing improved results compared to existing algorithms. The proposed approach can be useful for solving packaging problems and optimizing the distribution of one-dimensional objects.

Transparent Designs: Personal Computing and the Politics of User-Friendliness by Michael Black

Reviewed by: Transparent Designs: Personal Computing and the Politics of User-Friendliness by Michael Black Luke Fernandez (bio) Transparent Designs: Personal Computing and the Politics of User-Friendliness By Michael Black. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2022. Pp. 280. Michael Black begins Transparent Designs by describing Steve Jobs's design philosophy for Apple. In 1984, Jobs explained that the company aspired "to reach the point where the operating system is totally transparent. When you use a Lisa or a Macintosh. … You never interact with it; you don't know about it." Black uses this anecdote (and many others like it) to illustrate the idea of transparent design and how it is hyped. [End Page 618] For its advocates, the complexities of the computer should be erased, to the point of becoming invisible. They believe simplifying the interface creates more user-friendly experiences. Black argues that these conceptions of transparent design and user-friendliness, which emerged in the early 1980s, were hyped by corporate tech evangelists (like Jobs) as well as by tech journalists who wrote for computer magazines like BYTE. As Black suggests, resonances of this rhetoric were also manifest among academic researchers and human-computer interaction scholars. Black is suspicious of this design-talk. He suggests that transparent design conceals as much as it reveals and allows designers to hide their own intents behind the guise of user-friendly interfaces, giving the impression that the user's interests are paramount. Yet in hiding so many functional aspects of the computer, accountability is compromised, enabling designers to pursue their own invisible ends. Citing Safiya Noble, Black mentions how search engines present themselves as neutral tools. But under the cover of simple interfaces, they are being tweaked in the service of surveillance capitalism. Black proposes to lift or pull back "the veil of transparency" (pp. 25, 225, 229, 230) and usher in a new approach to design that will unmask the way technology serves to distribute power between designers and users and within society as a whole. Transparent Designs ends with a coda titled "Imagining an Unfriendly Future." At times the coda reads like a manifesto, touting the need for a more capacious and politically inflected understanding of what user-friendliness and transparency should mean. In spite of the ending, though, Transparent Designs is primarily a history. It traces the origins of transparent design and how it developed as a reaction to 1970s hobbyist computing, which preached an ethos of self-reliance and invited tinkering. Many readers may already be aware of how Apple, IBM's PC, and the counterculture jockeyed to cast themselves as antiauthoritarian while labeling their rivals as authoritarian. But "transparent design" is a novel lens through which to tell these stories. Black works in an English department, and it is interesting to see the tropes that scholars in this discipline use to make sense of interfaces. Black approvingly quotes Lori Emerson (an English professor at the University of Colorado) who talks of the interface as a "magician's cape, continually revealing … and concealing as it reveals." I suspect that it has not occurred to most technology scholars to use veils, or the irony they invoke, to make sense of their subject matter. Black makes effective use of these tropes in his history. Provocative as it is to think of transparency as something that actually conceals, I do wish that Black had spent additional time exploring more conventional usages of the term. For example, for those of us who grew up in the 1970s, it was common to run across clear plastic models of V8 engines and of human bodies, revealing rather than concealing complexity. Analogous forms of transparency are also available in open-source code repositories and the organizations that support those repos. Open-source [End Page 619] codes invite users to tinker and to consider how the code distributes power between its developer and users. These are transparent designs in a more conventional mold that actually aspire to reveal technological complexity and the politics inherent in that complexity. Black mentions open-source evangelists but does not give their conception of transparency much weight because he thinks the movement has been coopted. It is also curious that...

Research of indicators of activity and participation of disabled people living in inpatient social service institutions and families based on the provisions of the international classification of functioning, disability and health

Research of indicators of activity and participation of disabled people living in inpatient social service institutions and families based on the provisions of the international classification of functioning, disability and health

DiffMap: A new free computer program to process scanned electron diffraction patterns

AbstractA free computer program, called DiffMap, is presented for off-line evaluation of both phase maps and orientation maps from a large number of diffraction patterns recorded with a nearly parallel nano-beam scanned line-by-line over a rectangular area in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). The program runs in the Windows operating system on IBM PC compatible computers. The patterns, which are recorded independently from this program by a CCD or CMOS camera or by a pixelated camera are in Tif format, serve as input to DiffMap. Many STEMs can collect such a four-dimensional electron diffraction (4D-ED) data sets by proper selection of microscope parameters, even if this fact is not over-emphasized in the operating manuals. These phase and orientation maps can complement usual compositional maps collected in the same STEM with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometers (EDS) to give a complete description of the crystalline phases. Application is exemplified on the (fcc, hcp and bcc) phases in a sample with 4 major components (Co, Cr, Fe, Ni).

Development of early care for children and their families in the Russian Federation

Introduction. The features of the development of infrastructures, regional resource and methodological centers for early care for children and their families in the Russian Federation, the specifics of identifying children of the target group and families in need of early care services are considered.Goal: To develop scientifically based proposals for the further development of early care for children and their families in the Russian Federation.Materials and methods: Information from Federal Statistical Observation No. 1-RP "Information on early care for children of the target group" from 85 regions of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as Form No. 1 RP). General scientific methods (content analysis, analytical, system-structured, comparative, statistical) and methodological methods of systematization, comparison, generalization, interpretation using the standard Excel-7.0 software package for IBM PC are applied.The object of the study: Children from birth to three years of age who need early care services.The subject of the study: Early care services provided for children of target groups and their families in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.Results. Organizations providing early care services operate in all 85 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. According to statistical observation, in the period 2019–2021, there is an increase in the number of organizations providing early care services (in general, an increase of 21.4% was registered in the Russian Federation), regional resource and methodological centers of early care were established in 53 constituent entities. There is an increase in the number of organizations from the healthcare sector (by 3.8%), in the education sector (by 16.5%), in the social protection of the population (by 2.3%). Early care services for children and their families are provided in 17 constituent entities of the Russian Federation by non-governmental organizations. In the Russian Federation, 75 regional resource and methodological centers for early care for children and their families have been established in 53 constituent entities of the Russian Federation, 12 of them in the field of healthcare, 27 in education, 36 in social protection of the population. The number of children assigned to the target group in the Russian Federation amounted to 248,108 people (4% of the total number of children aged from birth to the age of three). The proportion of children in need of early care services in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 2021 varies from 0.3% to 23.4%. According to the data of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as of 31.12.2021, the number of specialists providing early care services amounted to 38,484 people.Discussion. Since 2019, the constituent entities of the Russian Federation have been monitoring the state of early care for children and their families in the form of statistical observation No. 1-RP "Information on early care for children of the target group". Information is provided from 85 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. According to statistical observation data, as of 31.12.2021, 6429 organizations provide early care services in the Russian Federation. The formation and development of the infrastructure of early care services and the improvement of human resources are necessary conditions for the development of early care for children and their families in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. There is a positive trend in the growth of the number of specialists providing early care services. The results of the analysis of the statistical form No. 1-RP allow us to assess the state and level of development of early care for children and their families in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.Conclusions. The data from the monitoring results allow us to develop proposals for the development of early care services in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Technology Innovation and Digital Ecosystems: Case Study Analysis and Proposal of a Lifecycle Model

Digital ecosystems are a logical variant of the business ecosystem, defined as a group of businesses which cooperate for mutual advantage. While there has been much business strategy research concerning the economic innovations created by a functioning digital ecosystem, research which specifically analyzes the technology innovations both preceding and during the life of the digital ecosystem is lacking. Likewise, the lifecycle process which involves the creation, sustainability, and gradual dissolution of the ecosystem is treated as a nebulous activity with scarce mention in existing literature. Notably, no formal model of a digital ecosystem lifecycle has been proposed. A clear delineation of a digital ecosystem lifecycle would provide a framework for examination of the sources and types of innovations which lead to the formation of a digital ecosystem and thus provide the basis for further research in this area which would inform the process of developing and sustaining digital ecosystems. In order to discern the lifecycle of a digital ecosystem, this paper uses a case study approach to examine the history of several prominent digital ecosystems in the time period between 1981 and 2012: the IBM PC, the French Minitel, and the Apple and Android smartphones. The synthesis and analysis of the historical data contained in the case studies is then organized into a proposed digital ecosystem lifecycle model, a framework for further research. Additionally, observational analysis of the case studies provides insights concerning the sources of the technologies used to create the digital ecosystems and ability of those technologies to sustain the ecosystem.

The 60th Anniversary of TFTs and the Evolution of High‐Resolution Displays

The 60th Anniversary of TFTs and the Evolution of High‐Resolution Displays

PREVALENCE AND ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS CAUSING THE RETENTION OF THE PLACENTA IN COWS

Among the main reasons for the retention of the membranes, weakening of the contractile function of the uterus, as well as fusion of caruncles with cotyledons as a result of inflammatory processes arising in them. At the same time, hemodynamic disorders and hypotonia of the uterus, according, noticeably prevail over the rest. The reason for the retention of the membranes, should be considered the blood circulation in the maternal part of the placenta, due to the high concentration of unbound heparin in it and the low concentration of ascorbic acid. Hyperkinesia, allocated by a number of authors animals, in all likelihood, does not play such a big role. Purpose. To study the prevalence and etiological factors responsible for the retention of membranes in cows. Materials and methods. For the period from 2015 to 2021, in the herds of cows belonging to the Krasnodarskoe EF and the Kuban EF and were under supervision, 194 cases of pathogenic process due to the retention of membranes in cows. The number of dairy cows in the herd in different years ranged from 795 to 845, and averaged 830 heads. Of these, in 2015, the retention of membranes was registered in 22 cows (2.65%), in 2016 in 19 (2.29%), in 2017 in 32 (3.86%), in 2018 in 35 (4 , 2%), in 2019 for 29 (3.5%), in 2020 for 26 (3.02%) and in 2021 for 31 cows (3.73%). The research results were subjected to mathematical processing using standard statistical analysis programs for the IBM PC. The reliability of the results was determined by the parametric Student’s test. Results. The results of processing the obtained data indicate that from the second half of April to August, the rate of retention of membranes in cows, in relation to the average annual, increases markedly and reaches 12.35% of all calving cows. Meanwhile, many studies carried out in the conditions of farms and complexes indicate that in the warm season, the pathology of childbirth associated with the retention of the membranes is significantly reduced. In this regard, we made an attempt to analyze the conditions of keeping, feeding and insemination of cows prior to the development of this pathology in animals in training and experimental farms. Conclusion. Analyzing the etiological factors that determine the retention of the membranes in cows of educational and experimental farms, it can be concluded that the development of this pathology of the birth period in cows is in close connection with the state of the fodder base in farms and with the presence of helminth infestation in animals. A regularity was revealed between the presence of traumatic foreign objects in the cows’ net, causing traumatic reticulitis, and the subsequent occurrence of chronic placentitis in them, leading to the retention of the membranes.

Past Forward: A Tool for Modern Times

On 12 August 1981, at the Waldorf Astoria Hotel in midtown Manhattan, IBM unveiled its entrant into the nascent personal computer market: the IBM PC. With that, the preeminent U.S. computer maker launched another revolution in computing. Soon the world began embracing little computers by the millions, with IBM dominating those sales. Other companies, including Apple and Tandy Corp., were already making personal computers, but no other machine carried the revered IBM name. IBM’s essential contributions were to position the technology as suitable for wide use and to set a technical standard. Rivals were compelled to meet a demand that they had all grossly underestimated. As such, IBM had a greater impact on the personal computer’s acceptance than did Apple, Compaq, Dell, and even Microsoft. And yet IBM’s lead in this new market would last only a few years, and the eclipse of the IBM PC came to mirror the decline of Big Blue.

The Essential Question

How many IBM PCs can you fit in an 18-wheeler? That, according to historian James W. Cortada, is the most interesting question he's ever asked.

Региональные особенности медико-демографических показателей здоровья населения Белгородской области (на примере болезней органов пищеварения за период 2000–2017 гг.)

Introduction . In 1990–2017, the size of population in the Belgorod Region increased by 10.9 % only as a result migration. Negative medical and demographic trends characterized by population decline caused by a decreased birth rate, increased mortality and disease incidence rates, and population aging were registered at that time. The level of primary disability due to digestive diseases dropped significantly; yet, young and middle-aged people and disability grades II and III began to prevail among primary disability cases. Our objective was to study regional characteristics of the medical and demographic situation in the Belgorod Region from the point of view of medical and social expert examination. Materials and methods . We analyzed data of the Federal Service for State Statistics (Rosstat) and its Belgorod Department (Belgorodstat), and the database of the unified automated vertically integrated information and analytical system (EAVI-IAS) of medical and social expertise for persons with primary disability caused by digestive disorders in the Belgorod Region in 2000–2017. We processed anonymized computerized data entered by the bureau’s medical staff. Ethical and legal principles were not violated when working with medical records. The study was carried out by a continuous method. We applied analytical, analytical graphics, and statistical (t-test, z-test, F-test) methods to data collection and processing. Digital data were processed using an IBM PC IntelCore i5-2500K and StatSoftStatistica 12.5 software package. Results . Despite the population growth resulting from migration, we observed worsening of regional medical and demographic indices in 2010–2017. Although the incidence rates of all diseases of the digestive system decreased, the rates of incidence and mortality from diseases of the pancreas and liver rose significantly. The average age at death from diseases of the pancreas and liver indicated premature mortality. In the structure of primary disability caused by digestive disorders, diseases of the liver and pancreas ranked highest. Conclusion . Population decline, rising digestive disease and related mortality rates dictate the need for in-depth study and practical solution of the problems of health improvement, disease prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of patients and individuals with disability due to this pathology in order to reduce premature mortality and improve the demographic situation in the region.

Regional Characteristics of Medical and Demographic Indicators of the Population of the Belgorod Region Based on the Example of Digestive Diseases, 2000–2017

Introduction. In 1990–2017, the size of population in the Belgorod Region increased by 10.9 % only as a result migration. Negative medical and demographic trends characterized by population decline caused by a decreased birth rate, increased mortality and disease incidence rates, and population aging were registered at that time. The level of primary disability due to digestive diseases dropped significantly; yet, young and middle-aged people and disability grades II and III began to prevail among primary disability cases. Our objective was to study regional characteristics of the medical and demographic situation in the Belgorod Region from the point of view of medical and social expert examination. Materials and methods. We analyzed data of the Federal Service for State Statistics (Rosstat) and its Belgorod Department (Belgorodstat), and the database of the unified automated vertically integrated information and analytical system (EAVIIAS) of medical and social expertise for persons with primary disability caused by digestive disorders in the Belgorod Region in 2000–2017. We processed anonymized computerized data entered by the bureau’s medical staff. Ethical and legal principles were not violated when working with medical records. The study was carried out by a continuous method. We applied analytical, analytical graphics, and statistical (t-test, z-test, F-test) methods to data collection and processing. Digital data were processed using an IBM PC IntelCore i5-2500K and Stat Soft Statistica 12.5 software package. Results. Despite the population growth resulting from migration, we observed worsening of regional medical and demographic indices in 2010–2017. Although the incidence rates of all diseases of the digestive system decreased, the rates of incidence and mortality from diseases of the pancreas and liver rose significantly. The average age at death from diseases of the pancreas and liver indicated premature mortality. In the structure of primary disability caused by digestive disorders, diseases of the liver and pancreas ranked highest. Conclusion. Population decline, rising digestive disease and related mortality rates dictate the need for in-depth study and practical solution of the problems of health improvement, disease prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of patients and individuals with disability due to this pathology in order to reduce premature mortality and improve the demographic situation in the region.

Perancangan Perangkat Lunak Pembelajaran Mikroprosesor Dengan Menggunakan Metode Computer Assisted Instruction

The microprocessor that became the machine for the IBM PC / XT microcomputers and their compatible. This processor is often referred to as simply "8088" or "8086". Although the hardware of the 8088 is slightly different from the 8086, they can be viewed as the same from a programming perspective. The Intel 8088/8086 is a 16 bit processor, meaning that the data path and registers are 16 bits in size. The addressing mode is divided into several types, among others, register addressing, immediate addressing, direct addressing and indirect addressing. In addition, in learning Assembly language, we must memorize all registers and understand their use. Computer Aided Instruction (CAI) is a variety of information in the way of learning. Computers as a medium will help students find new things that are more interesting than conventional teacher-centered ways. Although it is known that the ways of learning and teaching, as well as the acquisition of learning information for each individual are different.

ПОБУДОВА ФОРМАЛІЗОВАНОЇ МАТЕМАТИЧНОЇ МОДЕЛІ ДЛЯ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ РОЗРАХУНКУ РЕЙТИНГОВОЇ ОЦІНКИ

The article defines that the theory and methods of solving problems are the content of mathematical programming. Based on this, it is proposed to consider the principle of modeling a decision support system to determine the rating, taking into account the factors influencing it. An important component of most DSS are mathematical models, analytical tools that are precisely model-oriented. The form of the relationship between the key variables involved in decision-making is considered. The authors formalize the relevant mathematical model, which is the basis of the decision support system of the optimal choice, taking into account the criteria influencing this choice. For example, the modeling of the decision support system of the film rating process according to the specified criteria is considered. The factors influencing the rating of the film selection are described. It is suggested to choose MS ACCESS (Microsoft Access) as one of the most popular systems for IBM PC and compatible computers as technologies for the application implementation. It was found that the obtained software product of the decision support system for the selection of films for viewing, provides an opportunity through the proposed model to ensure the selection of the film taking into account the individual requirements of the viewer (viewing movies with the highest rating).

Design Rules, Volume 2: Chapter 13—The Slowly Changing Structure of the Semiconductor Industry

Spurred by the success of the IBM PC, in the early 1980s, a new form of organization—the digital platform ecosystem—became common in all industries that used digital technology. Digital platform ecosystems were vertically distintegrated organizations, characterized by distributed governance, modularity, and openness. In contrast, semiconductor firms, which were subject to the same rate of technical change as platform ecosystems, remained vertically integrated to a large degree. The purpose of this chapter is to explain this difference in organizational evolution and outcomes. I argue that the technology of the planar process, which made possible high rates of technical change for downstream users, simultaneously rewarded the creation of large-scale flow production processes that became more integrated over time.

Activity of matrix proteinases and their inhibitors in patients with thoracic aortic dissection

Purpose. To study changes in profibrogenic mediators in patients with thoracic aortic dissection.Material and methods. The study was carried out in 66 patients with dissection of the ascending aneurysm and the aortic arch, which occurred against the background of atherosclerosis and hypertension, aged 48 to 73 years. According to the objectives of the study, the patients were divided into three groups: the first – 32 patients with acute dissections, the second – 34 patients with subacute and chronic dissections, the third – 30 patients with aneurysms of the thoracic and abdominal aorta, who were diagnosed during a routine examination. The control was the results of laboratory studies obtained in 28 healthy volunteers. The study groups were randomized according to the main clinical criteria and the severity of the condition (χ2 = 0.901, p = 1.000). The standard of laboratory tests included a clinical and biochemical blood test, a blood test for troponin I, a blood clotting test, a general urine test, and the calculation of GFR. Determined the blood group, Rh factor. On a mandatory basis, the patients were examined for the presence of the Australian antigen, antibodies to viral hepatitis "C", the Wasserman reaction was performed, and the presence of HIV infection was examined. Determination of the level of MMP-9, its inhibitor TIMP-2 and a complex with an inhibitor (MMP-9/TIMP-2) in the blood serum were investigated using commercial diagnostic kits from R&D Diagnostics Inc. (USA): Human MMP-9 Quantikine ELISA Kit, Cat.GA30092; Human ТІМP-2 Quantikine ELISA Kit, Cat. BE69073). Statistical analysis of the data obtained was carried out on an IBM PC Intel Core i5-6500U personal computer with MS Windows 10 using the STATISTICA 10.0 program (StatSoft, Inc.).Results. In all types of aortic aneurysms (uncomplicated and complicated), an increase in the level of MMP-9 was noted concerning the control values: in patients of the 1st group, the level of MMP-9 was increased on average by 284.5%, in the 2nd group - by 176, 9% and in patients with uncomplicated aneurysms - by 91.7%, respectively, to the control values (p <0.05). At the same time, the level of MMP-2 was increased in all the studied groups but did not differ significantly between the groups (p = 0.37). The concentration of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP-2) in patients with acute dissection of the aortic aneurysm was on average 40.4% higher than the control values (p <0.001); in patients with chronic dissection of the aneurysm, the differences were insignificant; and in patients with uncomplicated aortic aneurysms, the level of TIMP-2 was, on average, 12% lower than that obtained in the control group (p <0.05). With a confidence level of 0.95% (p <0.05), the MMP-9 index significantly differed in all three groups. The MMP-9/TIMP-2 coefficient (inhibition coefficient according to MMP-9) was higher in patients with complicated aneurysms and amounted to 0.67, respectively (in the control – 0.25) (p <0.001). In patients with uncomplicated aneurysms, this integral indicator was lower than in the first two groups but exceeded the indicators of the control group by 112% (p <0.001). With the progression of degenerative changes in the middle lining of the vessel, MMP-9 and TIMP-2 decreased compared with patients with uncomplicated aneurysm and chronic dissection.Conclusions. Severe course of acute aortic dissection is associated with the presence of high MMP-9 levels, while SMC disorders occur against the background of oxidative stress and an imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines are associated with inhibition of TIMP-2. In various types of complicated aortic aneurysms, there is an imbalance of MMP and their inhibitors, which affect the rate of proteolysis of extracellular matrix components with a predominance of the processes of their formation and accumulation.

A history of MATLAB

The first MATLAB (the name is short for “Matrix Laboratory”) was not a programming language. Written in Fortran in the late 1970s, it was a simple interactive matrix calculator built on top of about a dozen subroutines from the LINPACK and EISPACK matrix software libraries. There were only 71 reserved words and built-in functions. It could be extended only by modifying the Fortran source code and recompiling it. The programming language appeared in 1984 when MATLAB became a commercial product. The calculator was reimplemented in C and significantly enhanced with the addition of user functions, toolboxes, and graphics. It was available initially on the IBM PC and clones; versions for Unix workstations and the Apple Macintosh soon followed. In addition to the matrix functions from the calculator, the 1984 MATLAB included fast Fourier transforms (FFT). The Control System Toolbox appeared in 1985 and the Signal Processing Toolbox in 1987. Built-in support for the numerical solution of ordinary differential equations also appeared in 1987. The first significant new data structure, the sparse matrix, was introduced in 1992. The Image Processing Toolbox and the Symbolic Math Toolbox were both introduced in 1993. Several new data types and data structures, including single precision floating point, various integer and logical types, cell arrays, structures, and objects were introduced in the late 1990s. Enhancements to the MATLAB computing environment have dominated development in recent years. Included are extensions to the desktop, major enhancements to the object and graphics systems, support for parallel computing and GPUs, and the “Live Editor”, which combines programs, descriptive text, output and graphics into a single interactive, formatted document. Today there are over 60 Toolboxes, many programmed in the MATLAB language, providing extended capabilities in specialized technical fields.

EXPERIENCE OF INNOVATIVE METHODS APPLICATION FOR THE CLINICAL THINKING FORMATION IN THE STUDENTS OF THE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

Objective - аssessment of the innovative teaching methods effectiveness to stimulate thedevelopment of professional erudition in students, to develop clinical thinking and skillsthat will be required for therapeutic examination and diagnostics.Material and methods. 60 students of 4 courses of National Pirogov Memorial MedicalUniversity, who are currently being trained at the department of nervous diseases tookpart in our study. All students were divided into three groups of 20 people each. In groupA, the training material in practical classes was taught using the standard methodology;group B - in the form of a discussion between the teacher and the student; Group B - inthe form of a business game. The study was conducted over 4 sessions. At the end of eachlesson, students answered the tests to determine the level of mastering the materialstudied. All calculations were carried out using a special program like Microsoft Excelon a computer like IBM PC / AT.Results. As a result of our experiment, it turned out that during practical classes, studentsof group A learned the material 45%, group B 75%, group B 90%.Conclusion. Business games help to simulate real situations in the profession and therebydevelop the ability to work with the information received, allow you to unlock the creative possibilities of the future doctor and to learn from others and your own mistakeswithout harming the patient, and promote good learning. Active teaching technologiesmake it possible to develop successfully professional competencies, stimulate andactivate cognitive inclinations among students, develop clinical thinking and operate onthem.

The Ventura Story

Ventura Publisher was the first desktop publishing software package to run on IBM PC compatible computers. Developed in the mid-1980s, Ventura was also the first desktop publishing application to incorporate features such as style sheets and automatic page layouts, allowing for long document formatting. This paper provides an autobiographical sketch of Lee Lorenzen, one of the founders of Ventura Software and developers of Ventura Publisher. Lorenzen outlines his early career in software and the founding story of Ventura Software and their innovative application. He also describes the early competitive landscape in desktop publishing software, including Aldus PageMaker, and then contrasts it with the key long document publishing features of Ventura Publisher such as style sheets, fast hyphenation and justification, automated layout algorithms, and database publishing.