Hysteresis Properties Research Articles

The magnetocaloric effect properties for potential applications of magnetic refrigerator technology: a review.

In the pursuit of a clean and environmentally friendly future, magnetic refrigerator technology based on the magnetocaloric effect has been proposed as a replacement for conventional refrigeration technologies characterized by inefficient energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, and ozone depletion. This paper presents an in-depth exploration of the current state of research on magnetocaloric effect (MCE) materials by, examining various types of MCE materials and their respective potentials. The focus is particularly directed towards perovskite manganite materials because of their numerous advantages over other materials. These advantages include a wide working temperature range, easily adjustable Curie temperature around room temperature, excellent chemical stability, cost-effective production processes, negligible magnetic and thermal hysteresis properties, as well as competitive values for -ΔSM and ΔTad compared to other materials. Additionally, crucial parameters defining the MCE properties of perovskite manganite materials are comprehensively discussed, both at a fundamental level and in detail.

Robust Control of Dielectric Elastomer Smart Actuator for Tracking High-Frequency Trajectory

Dielectric elastomer smart actuator (DESA) has shown great potentials in soft robot applications. The control of the DESA is one of key issues for soft robots. However, the precise control of the DESA is a challenge work, especially when tracking high-frequency trajectories and guaranteeing a certain robustness. To this end, this paper presents a robust tracking control method for a DESA to track various high-frequency trajectories. Firstly, to characterize the complex nonlinear properties (including the quadratic input, asymmetric and rate-dependent hysteresis, as well as creep) of the DESA, its dynamic model is built by combining a square function module, a modified Prandtl-Ishlinskii (P-I) hysteresis model and a linear system. Subsequently, by combining the inverse of the modified P-I hysteresis model with a square root function module, the quadratic input and asymmetric hysteresis properties of the DESA are compensated to reduce tracking the control error. Since model uncertainties and external disturbances are unavoidable in practical applications, a robust controller is designed to achieve the tracking control of the DESA, the controller also guarantees the robustness of the control system. In the end, the effectiveness of the proposed control method is demonstrated through a series of tracking control experiments with different high-frequency trajectories, whose maximal frequency is 8 (Hz). The root- mean-square errors of all experimental results are lower than 1.5%, which proves that the presented method is remarkable from the respective of the practical application.

Ground State Dynamic Hysteresis Properties of Permalloy Nanodisk with Varying Shapes

Ground State Dynamic Hysteresis Properties of Permalloy Nanodisk with Varying Shapes

Study on low-cycle hysteresis properties of seawater corroded steel considering loading history effects

To investigate the combined effects of wave loading history and time-dependent corrosion damage on the hysteresis mechanical properties of long-term serviced marine engineering materials, this study conducted hysteresis mechanical experiments and a generalized mechanical model research on corroded steel, considering the influence of high-cycle loading history. Steel corrosion was pre-generated by accelerated electrochemical corrosion method. Developing the early-stage high-cycle fatigue loading system and later-stage low-cycle hysteresis loading system based on the dynamic characteristics of wave loads, seismic actions, and typhoon-level pulsating wind loads. Analyze the influence of the independent and combined effects of early-stage load stress levels, cycle times, and corrosion damage on the steel capacity to withstand low-cycle high-stress hysteresis loading. Based on test results and mechanical properties, an improved generalized hysteresis mechanical model was established that encompassed monotonic tension curves, skeleton curves, and well-defined loading and unloading rules. The validity and universality of the model were verified through various loading systems and hysteretic tests of corroded steel. The results indicated that the early-stage high-cycle fatigue history led to a reduction in the material's elastic range, causing the material to transition into plasticity earlier. The combined effects of early-stage loading history and corrosion damage resulted in a significant degradation of the material's hysteresis mechanical properties.

Bifurcation analysis of multistability and hysteresis in a model of HIV infection

Bifurcation analysis of multistability and hysteresis in a model of HIV infection

Synaptical Tunability of Multipore Nanofluidic Memristors.

We demonstrate a multipore nanofluidic memristor with conical pores showcasing a wide range of hysteresis and memristor properties that provide functionalities for brainlike computation in neuromorphic applications. Leveraging the interplay between the charged functional groups on the pore surfaces and the confined ionic solution, the memristor characteristics are modulated through the electrolyte type, ionic concentrations, and pH levels of the aqueous solution. The multipore membrane mimics the functional characteristics of biological ion channels and displays synaptical potentiation and depression. Furthermore, this property can be inverted in polarity by chemically varying the pH level. The ability to modulate memory effects by ionic conductivity holds promise for enhancing signal information processing capabilities.

Effect of the dipolar interaction on the dynamic hysteresis properties of 2D-nanodisks: out of plane driving field case

We have systematically investigated the effect of dipolar interaction strength on the dynamical hysteresis behavior of the in-plane uniaxial anisotropic nanodisk system modeled by the classical Heisenberg model under the effect of the time-dependent external out-of-plane periodic magnetic field. Dynamical hysteresis loops, as well as hysteresis quantities (hysteresis loop area, coercive field, remanent magnetization), have been examined both in-plane and out-of-plane magnetization components by means of Monte Carlo simulation based on Metropolis Algorithm. Our simulation results suggest that the response of the in-plane and out-of-plane components of the magnetization have different hysteresis characteristics. For instance, while the out-of-plane component of the magnetization has ordinary dynamically disordered hysteresis curves, bowtie-shaped hysteresis loops have been obtained for the in-plane component of the magnetization. Disappeared dynamical order has been observed with the rising strength of the dipolar interaction.

Inkjet printing cellulose nanofibril/PVA hybrid dielectrics for large hysteresis and high-performance a-IGZO synaptic transistors

Inkjet printing green nanomaterials for high-performance synaptic transistors is a hot research topic in academic communities. However, it remains challenging to develop printable and sustainable dielectric inks for the devices with desirable properties of nonvolatile behavior and large hysteresis, which are the basis for emulating controllable weight update in neuron computing. To address this challenge, we present a solution by fabricating a biodegradable cellulose nanofibril (CNF) dielectric film through inkjet printing, which serves as the source of hysteresis in amorphous indium–gallium–zinc oxide (a-IGZO) synaptic transistors. By employing suitable additives and meticulously engineered microfluidic flows, we have successfully achieved the high-quality CNF/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite electrolyte films by inkjet-printing. This accomplishment has enabled the emulation of excellent synaptic functionalities, including short-term to long-term potentiation/depression, as well as the implementation of a nearly symmetric and linear weight update protocol. This work holds significant promise in advancing the development of cost-effective and environmentally friendly synaptic electronics.

Adaptive hierarchical optimization control for electrohydraulic suspension with resistor-capacitor operator

The controller design for integrated electrohydraulic suspension with leaf spring is a complicated and challenging task, aiming to achieve optimal dynamic performance for heavy vehicles. Considering the hysteresis property of leaf spring, parameter uncertainties and nonlinearity, a novel hierarchical optimization control strategy including upper and bottom controllers is proposed to effectively suppress the vertical vibration of vehicle body. To describe the hysteresis property of leaf spring, a novel resistor-capacitor operator hysteresis model is identified by experiment and optimized by genetic algorithm. Based on hysteresis model, the filter adaptive backstepping control with sprung mass uncertainty is designed as upper controller to generate the desired active force for electrohydraulic actuator. Then, the projection adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control is designed as bottom controller for nonlinear actuator with time-varying fluid parameter to accurately track the required target force. Additionally, a stratified sampling algorithm is investigated to optimize the parameters of hierarchical control strategy for addressing multi-objective optimization issue of electrohydraulic suspension with leaf spring. Finally, the results show that the proposed method has better robustness and effectiveness, and it can ensure ride comfort, safety and optimal performance.

Asymmetry of AMOC Hysteresis in a State‐Of‐The‐Art Global Climate Model

AbstractWe study hysteresis properties of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) under a slowly‐varying North Atlantic (20°N–50°N) freshwater flux forcing in state‐of‐the‐art global climate model (GCM), the Community Earth System Model. Results are presented of a full hysteresis simulation (4,400 model years) and show that there is a hysteresis width of about 0.4 Sv. This demonstrates that an AMOC collapse and recovery do not only occur in conceptual and idealized climate models, but also in a state‐of‐the‐art GCM. The AMOC recovery is about a factor six faster than the AMOC collapse and this asymmetry is due to the major effect of the North Atlantic sea‐ice distribution on the AMOC recovery. The results have implications for projections of possible future AMOC behavior and for explaining relatively rapid climate transitions in the geological past.

Will hysteresis effects afflict the US economy during the post-COVID-19 recovery?

An important property of hysteresis is that temporary events of sufficient magnitude can have permanent effects. The COVID-19 recession in the US was both temporary and extremely deep. This invites the hypothesis that the recession had permanent effects on the US economy as a result of hysteresis. We investigate this hypothesis by focusing on aggregate activity – both actual and potential – and searching for signs of possible adverse hysteresis effects in the data generated by the first two to three years of recovery from the COVID-19 recession. Results suggest that few such signs exist. The conclusion that emerges is that aggregate levels of activity in the US economy will emerge largely unscathed in the longer term from short-term adversities associated with the COVID-19 recession.

Loaded Euler-Bernoulli beam with the distributed hysteresis properties

In this article, we propose a new perspective mathematical model of the beam with the distributed hysteresis properties. Hysteresis properties are formalized within two approaches: phenomenological (Bouc-Wen model) and design (Prandtl-Ishlinskii model). The equations for the beam vibrations are obtained using the well-known Hamilton approach. The dynamical response of the beam with distributed hysteresis is considered under various types of external load, such as impulse, periodic, and a seismic load. Numerical simulations show that the hysteresis beam is more “resistant” to external loads than the classical Euler-Bernoulli beam. Particularly, with the same types of the external load, the amplitude of oscillations of the hysteresis beam as well as its energy characteristics are lower than those of the classical one. These results may find some applications in the field of the design of earthquake-resistant constructions and buildings.

Effect of Chemical Composition (Cr/Ni) on the Hysteresis of 17-4PH Stainless Steel

The resistance strain gage was adopted to investigate hysteresis property of 17-4PH steel treated with different proportions of Cr/Ni under the same heat treatment process. The relationship between mechanical properties, microstructure and hysteresis of the material under different proportions of elements was established. The results show that the residual austenite content has an important effect on hysteresis of the material, while the δ-ferrite content has little effect on the hysteresis of the material.

A unified approach to thermo-mechano-caloric-characterization of elastocaloric materials

This paper presents a novel approach to characterizing the relevant mechanical, thermal and caloric properties of elastocalorics material in a single testing device. Usually, tensile experiments are performed to determine the rate- and process-depending stress/strain behavior of nickel-titanium-based shape memory alloys and potentially other elastocaloric materials made from metallic alloys. These tests are relevant for, e.g., characterization of hysteresis properties and subsequent calculation of mechanical work input. In addition, simultaneous observation with an infrared camera is useful to understand temperature evolution and maximum temperature changes achievable during the loading/unloading process. Characterization of the caloric properties of the materials determines latent heats and, together with the mechanical work, also the material coefficient of performance. It is typically carried out via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), which is performed in a separate device and requires a second experiment with different types of samples. Furthermore, DSC measurements do not reflect the way mechanically induced phase transformations trigger the release and absorption of latent heats as it is the case for elastocalorics. In order to provide a more consistent understanding of the relevant elastocaloric material properties, we here present a novel method that (a) allows for a systematic determination of load-dependent latent heats and (b) introduces a comprehensive testing setup and suitable testing routine to determine the mechanical, thermal and caloric parameters in the same experimental device and with the same sample, thus greatly simplifying the overall procedure.

HARP: A suite of parameters to describe the hysteresis of streamflow and water quality constituents

Hysteresis occurs in ecological systems when there are internal dynamics that produce variable responses to an external stimuli or stressors. Understanding and quantifying hysteresis is important to inform understanding of system behaviour, support modelling, and provide comparisons within and between systems. We introduce a new tool, HARP (Hysteresis Area, Residual and Peaks) to describe and quantify hysteresis. HARP quantifies the key features of stream discharge–constituent concentration relationships, including the magnitude of the hysteresis (deviation from linearity), phase shifts in the system (end-state deviation from the pre-event state), and the timing of the turning points in the relationship of discharge and concentration. HARP is suitable to use on complex discharge–concentration data, including figure-eight loops, and supports statistical analysis to quantify the characteristics of independent events. The HARP metrics are introduced using discharge–water quality constituent concentration data, but are equally applicable to any system with properties of hysteresis. HARP provides a tool to develop quantitative observations of stream hydrological processes into quantitative enumeration statistics that facilitate comparisons of events and streams.

High temperature magnetic and structural transformations in Fe-Pd nanowires

The microstructure and the hysteresis properties of Fe-Pd nanowire arrays were studied in the as-electrodeposited condition at 300 K, and as functions of temperature after a thermal cycle between 300 K and 950 K. Fe36Pd64 and Fe65Pd35 nanowires, 200 nm in diameter and 7–10 μm long, were electrodeposited into commercial 26 % porosity alumina templates. Initially, the main magnetic phase in both arrays is the metastable γ-Pd(Fe) disordered phase. After a thermal cycle up to 950 K the microstructures transform into a majority ferromagnetic ordered phase (FePd3 in Fe36Pd64 and Fe3Pd in Fe65Pd35) embedding γ-Pd(Fe) remaining grains. Curie temperatures result 500 K, 550 K and 900 K for Fe3Pd, FePd3 and γ-Pd(Fe), respectively. The temperature dependence of the magnetic properties exhibits two stages: one below 500–550 K, when the two phases are ferromagnetic and another one above this temperature when only the minority γ-Pd(Fe) is ferromagnetic. Coercivity and remanence exhibit a maximum near the Curie temperature of the corresponding ordered phase. The effective magnetic anisotropy Keff remains high up to the magnetic transition (ferro to paramagnetic) of the ordered phase, due to the contribution of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of these relatively hard phases. At higher temperature, the effective anisotropy mainly arises from the magnetostatic (shape and inter-wire dipolar interactions) contribution of the minority phase. The polarization reversal mechanism in the γ-Pd(Fe) phase is found to be the nucleation of inverse magnetic domains and the further expansion of the domain walls into the ferromagnetic grains, surrounded by the paramagnetic ordered phase.

Cu-Mn-Ga-based full superelasticity single crystals with low stress hysteresis and high critical stress for inducing martensite

In this study, novel Cu-Mn-Ga-based (Cu-13Mn-6Ga-8Al-xMo, x = 0.5, 0.8, 1.0, wt. %) full superelasticity single crystals with great combination properties of low stress hysteresis, high critical stress, and full superelasticity were prepared for the first time. The results show that these single crystals consist of L21 austenite and A2(Mo) phase before and after annealing. The A2(Mo) phase increases with the increment of Mo content. Three single crystals with orientations close to [314], [415], and [236] all exhibit full superelasticity while applying large pre-strains, even being up to 10 % in Cu-13Mn-6Ga-8Al-1.0Mo single crystal. More importantly, the superelasticity behaviors show high critical stress for inducing martensite (up to 723 MPa in Cu-13Mn-6Ga-8Al-1.0Mo single crystal) and low stress hysteresis (about 30 ∼ 60 MPa). From the point of strength and functional characteristics, the Cu-13Mn-6Ga-8Al-xMo single crystals can be used as a new driving material.

Theoretical model of magnetoacoustic emission considering the microstructure of ferromagnetic material

Magnetoacoustic emission (MAE) holds great promise for evaluating the mechanical properties of ferromagnetic materials. To refine the problems of the current theoretical and numerical models of MAE, a theoretical MAE model that considers the microscopic dependence of the hysteresis properties is proposed in this paper. The microstructure (dislocation density and grain size) and the correlation of MAE jumps are considered and incorporated into the model. Then, the influences of magnetization parameters and microstructure parameters on the envelope of the MAE signal are analyzed by the proposed theoretical model. The proposed theoretical model is then fully evaluated by simulations and experiments. The MAE experiments are conducted on ferromagnetic specimens with different hardnesses, and the MAE signals with different hardnesses are simulated by inverting the basic parameters of the MAE model with the genetic algorithm. Further, the crucial hysteresis parameters of the specimens are calculated using the results of microscopic measurements and the calculated parameters agree well with inversion results from experimental signals. The results demonstrate that the proposed theoretical model is valid for the MAE signal simulation. The trends of different hardnesses can be predicted by the MAE simulation signals. Moreover, the model can be used for theoretical analysis of the microscopic dependence of the MAE signal.

A Review on Fundamentals and Capturing Petroleum Fluid Hysteresis Through Experiments

Hysteresis is proven to have a significant role in petroleum fluids and other disciplines for better understanding and evaluation. This shows a need to be explicit about precisely what is meant by the word "hysteresis." For a long time, the term hysteresis has been used and has attracted the attention of most researchers and investigators. Despite its common usage, hysteresis is used in different disciplines to mean different things. Thus, hysteresis has many definitions depending on the book or paper's area of interest. While various definitions of the term 'hysteresis' have been suggested, this paper will focus on the definition in the oil and gas industry. Hysteretic impacts petroleum fluids either positively or negatively. Therefore, accurately estimating fluid properties curves is vital in evaluating hydrocarbon recovery processes. This paper addresses and discusses a comprehensive review of the hysteresis of different petroleum fluid properties and their applications. This paper reviews many fluid properties of hysteresis and investigates them experimentally. Numerous laboratory studies in hysteresis are present in the literature and critically reviewed and highlighted in this research. This paper aims to review the experimental processes of fluid hysteresis extensively. To satisfy this aim, this paper offers insights into and explanations for experiments that have been used in fluid hysteresis. The outcomes highlight some missing concepts of the existing models and experimental processes for fluid hysteresis. Furthermore, this paper tracks the current development of hysteresis and gives insight into the future trends in the application of hysteresis.

THE INFLUENCE OF STRUCTURAL AND COMPOSITIONAL FACTORS ON THE REALIZATION OF THE EXCHANGE BIAS EFFECT IN (Cr-Mn)/Fe20Ni80

The influence of a number of physical factors on the structural and hysteresis properties of multilayer films (Cr-Mn)/Fe Ni has been studied. By indirect signs, the presence of antiferromagnetism in Cr-Mn layers with a Mn content in the range of 20-40 at.% has been established. It is shown that in such structures, the exchange bias effect can be observed, but only when the thickness of the antiferromagnetic layer is greater than 40 nm. The initial reason for the low "fixing" properties of the Cr-Mn layer is its weak magnetic anisotropy, which is superimposed with instability in the reproduction of the micro-structure. The use of substrate heating during film deposition increased the reproducibility of microstructure parameters and hysteresis characteristics but led to a weakening of the exchange bias effect, apparently due to changes in the structure and composition of the interlayer interface.