Hysteresis Motor Research Articles

Analysis of the Magneto-Thermal Bidirectional Coupling Strength of Macro and Micro Integration for Self-Starting Permanent Magnet Hysteresis Synchronous Motors

High-speed permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) are usually started with the hybrid low-speed open-loop and high-speed closed-loop control mode. However, low-speed open-loop control produces large starting current, or even current overload, resulting in demagnetization and motor damage. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motor with self-starting ability at low speed, that is, a permanent magnet hysteresis motor (PMHM). This paper takes the permanent magnet ring hysteresis column rotor structure as the research object. Firstly, the performance of this type of rotor is improved using the micro level of effective layer material AlNiCo, and the mechanical properties of AlNiCo are calculated. Secondly, based on the thick-walled cylinder theory, the analytical model for calculating the strength of the composite rotor considering the temperature effect is deduced, and the tangential and radial stress distribution for each part of the rotor under no-load and load conditions are obtained. Then, the electromagnetic losses and temperature field distribution of the rotor are obtained using the magneto-thermal bidirectional coupling finite element method. Finally, strength of the thermal rotor is analyzed by substituting the temperature rise curve function and AlNiCo parameters at the operating temperature. The comparison of the stress calculation results of the semi-analytical solution and the finite element method showed that the error between both of them is less than 5%, which verified that the semi-analytical solution can accurately analyze the thermal stress distribution of the rotor during high-speed rotation.

A Review on Analysis Methods and Research Status of Hysteresis Motor

A hysteresis motor produces output torque through the hysteresis effect of magnetic materials. It has the advantages of a simple structure, high-speed operation, high temperature resistance, low noise and self-starting capability. It can be applied to some special occasions requiring high speed and high stationarity. However, its disadvantage is low torque density, low efficiency and low power factor. The permanent magnet hysteresis motor is a compromise of the characteristics of permanent magnet motor and hysteresis motor, and it can be self-starting in the case of having a torque density comparable to that of a permanent magnet motor. In addition, there are some new structures of hysteresis motors, which open up the direction for innovative applications. Due to the complexity of magnetic properties, the calculation methods and dynamic models of hysteresis motors and permanent magnet hysteresis motors are special and also depend on the research of hysteresis materials and hysteresis models. This paper starts from the principle and classification of the hysteresis motor, and different structures and the corresponding analysis methods are reviewed. The motors with new structures and new methods are emphasized, the innovation and contribution of existing research are summarized, and the development trend of hysteresis motors is described.

Experimental-Base Analysis of the Effect of Adding PM Disc to the Hysteresis Motor Under Steady-State Conditions

Experimental-Base Analysis of the Effect of Adding PM Disc to the Hysteresis Motor Under Steady-State Conditions

Эволюция требований к свойствам материалов постоянных магнитов для электрических машин

The paper presents the development of a technology for the production of magnetically hard alloys intended for use in the inductors of electrical machines. It shows how the properties of such alloys affect the design of electrical machines. The paper further describes the application-determining properties of the most common alloys. It also proves why it is necessary to control the excitation flux in traction motors. In addition, the paper describes the fundamental possibility to use hysteresis motors for traction due to their ability to control the excitation flux using the stator circuit. It further analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of such motors. Conside­ration is given to hysteresis motor control algorithms that improve its energy performance when starting and running. The paper also compares the magnetic reversal of the inductor in hysteresis motors and in permanent-magnet motors while discussing the magnetic reversal of hysteresis motor rotors in electric drives in detail. As a result, the paper concludes with the requirements to alloys to be used in the inductors of traction hysteresis motors.

Finite-element/boundary-element transient modelling of hysteresis motors

This paper presents a transient study of hysteresis motor based on the proposed hybrid method of finite element method- boundary element method (FEM-BEM) in which the Jiles-Atherton (J-A) vector hysteresis model of the hard-magnetic material of the rotor is incorporated. The air–gap region is modeled by BEM in order to avoid the discontinuity in the FEM equations due to J-A hysteresis model and the rotor movement and, therefore, the eddy current effect is taken into account in the rotor part, for the first time. To the best of the author’s knowledge, the prior time-dependent numerical models have ignored the torque component caused by eddy currents in the rotor of hysteresis motor, due to difficulty in rotating the mesh in the rotor region and the related convergence problems. The proposed model is employed to study the phenomenon of short period over-excitation in hysteresis motors. A comparison is done between the proposed time-domain model and the frequency-domain finite element model of the hysteresis motor.

Magnetically Levitated Linear Stage With Linear Bearingless Slice Hysteresis Motors

This article presents the design, construction, modeling, and testing of a novel magnetically levitated linear stage using a linear bearingless slice motor design, targeting in-vacuum transportation tasks in precision manufacturing systems. The stage is driven by novel linear hysteresis motors, where the motor secondaries are made of magnetically semihard material exhibiting magnetic hysteresis. The suspension of the stage in three degrees of freedom, including vertical, pitch, and roll, is achieved passively through permanent magnet bias flux. The suspension in the lateral and yaw directions is actively controlled. This compact design effectively reduces the number of sensors and actuators needed for stabilizing the levitation. The prototype stage has been successfully levitated with a maximum thrust force of 5.8 N under 2.5-A current amplitude, which generates a stage acceleration of 1200 mm/s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The stage position control loop has a bandwidth of 30 Hz. The stage is tested to track a reference trajectory of the target application, and the maximum position tracking error is 50 μm. The stage's lateral displacement during motion is below 50 μm, which is well below making mechanical contact to the side walls. To our knowledge, this article presents the first linear bearingless slice motor design, and also the first study on linear versions of hysteresis motors.

Analysis of a reverse hybrid hysteresis motor using hyperbolic modelling of hysteresis loop

The performance analysis of a hybrid hysteresis motor using an analytical model is presented in this study. The proposed hybrid motor benefits fromthe advantages of both the conventional axial and radial flux hysteresis motors with a unique stator. For the design of the proposed machine, a pre-studied hybrid hysteresis motor is investigated. To modify the field equations, the hyperbolic approximation of the hysteresis loop is implemented to investigate the effects of the minor loops described by the harmonic components of the field. Next, the impact of the harmonics of the magnetomotive force on machine performance is estimated by an iterative approach. Then, the closed-form expressions for the developed torque are obtained in both planes and the results are stacked-up linearly by considering the basics of the superposition theorem. To evaluate the performance of the proposed machine and also the accuracy of the analysis approach, a laboratory prototype has been built. The test results validate the acceptable performance of the proposed hysteresis motor.

분리된 유도분 토크와 동기 후의 투자율 변화를 고려한 히스테리시스 전동기의 동특성 해석

분리된 유도분 토크와 동기 후의 투자율 변화를 고려한 히스테리시스 전동기의 동특성 해석

Diverse HTS Hysteresis Motors

The comparative study of HTS hysteresis motor with YBCO and BSCCO element in the rotor and copper conductors in the stator is proposed in this paper. Both the elements are used as rotor materials. Then the effect of each material is numerically calculated and simulated using AV formulation. Various performance parameters such as magnetic flux density, magnetic field and current density etc. of hysteresis motor and hysteresis rotor with both materials are computed. For this, two dimensional Partial Difference Equation based module of COMSOL Multiphysics has been used with two dimensional geometry with proper Neumann and Dirichlet boundary conditions. COMSOL Multiphysics is finite element based solver software. The computed constraints are evaluated with each other.

Fast Torque Computation of Hysteresis Motors and Clutches Using Magneto-static Finite Element Simulation

Hysteresis motor and clutches have several advantages, such as constant torque from zero to synchronous speed, low torque ripple, and low fabrication cost. Low efficiency and power factor are the main features that have limited the application of this type of electrical machine to few applications. Being a niche argument, little literature has addressed the problem of analytical and finite element (FE) modelling of hysteresis electrical machines. This paper first describes the most important contributions of the literature on the analytical and FE modelling of hysteresis motors and clutches and then proposes a method for the fast computation of its performance. The proposed procedure consists of two steps: first, a magneto-static FE simulation is performed considering the normal magnetization curve of the hysteresis material; then, the average torque is computed by a post-processing analysis. The proposed method is used to analyze a hysteresis clutch and the obtained results are compared with those achieved using a commercial finite element software that implements a vector hysteresis model.

Modeling, Design, and Validation of Magnetic Hysteresis Motors

The use of hysteresis motors nowadays is limited to few niche-focused applications. Nevertheless, their intrinsic features make them ideal for next-generation high-speed machinery. Hysteresis motors are highly nonlinear and their behavior is heavily influenced by the initial magnetization state of the rotor active part. As such, the exploitation of hysteresis machine technology requires a reliable method to assess the torque capability, both numerically and experimentally. This paper proposes a finite-element model for the design of hysteresis motors. In this tool, rotor hysteresis is described through the vector generalization of the Jiles–Atherton model. For validation purposes, a prototype is defined based on a specific application. The torque of this prototype is experimentally characterized for different electrical loadings and rotor speeds. Subsequently, this output is measured after rotor magnetization at different levels. It is demonstrated that the initial condition of the rotor active part can be exploited in synchronous conditions to improve the machine output torque.

역 프라이자흐 모델에 의한 투자율과 부하각을 이용한 히스테리시스 전동기의 동적 특성 해석 연구

역 프라이자흐 모델에 의한 투자율과 부하각을 이용한 히스테리시스 전동기의 동적 특성 해석 연구

Modeling and Validation of the Radial Force Capability of Bearingless Hysteresis Drives

The hysteresis motor technology combined with the magnetic suspension makes bearingless hysteresis drives very appealing for high- and ultra-high-speed applications. Such systems exploit the magnetic behavior of the rotor material to achieve mechanical torque, but the hysteresis can significantly influence the magnetic suspension performance. The literature so far has focused mainly on the motor investigation. On the bearing side, the design and the performance assessment have been carried out by neglecting the hysteresis phenomenon of the rotor material. In those cases, the hysteresis of the rotor material is negligible and hence it slightly affects the force generation. In a wider perspective, this paper intends to investigate the force capability of electromagnetic actuators based on materials of large magnetic hysteresis behavior. To this purpose, the proposed numerical model, based on the finite element method, accounts for the magnetic hysteresis. The experimental results confirm the validity of the modeling approach, thus providing a useful tool for the design as well as the investigation of such systems.

Proposal of a Novel Design for Linear Superconducting Motor Using 2G Tape Stacks

This paper presents a new design for a superconducting linear motor (SLM). This SLM uses stacks of second-generation (2G) superconducting tapes, which are responsible for replacing yttrium barium copper oxide bulks. The proposed SLM may operate as a synchronous motor or as a hysteresis motor, depending on the load force magnitude. A small-scale linear machine prototype with 2G stacks was constructed and tested to investigate the proposed SLM topology. The stator traveling magnetic field wave was represented by several Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets. A relative movement was produced between the stator and the stack, and the force was measured along the displacement. This system was also simulated by the finite element method, in order to calculate the induced currents in the stack and determine the electromagnetic force. The H-formulation was used to solve the problem, and a power law relation was applied to take into account the intrinsically nonlinearity of the superconductor. The simulated and measured results were in accordance. Simulated results were extrapolated, proving to be an interesting tool to scale up the motor in future projects. The proposed motor presented an estimated force density of almost 500 N/kg, which is much higher than any linear motor.

Position Control for Hysteresis Motors: Transient-Time Model and Field-Oriented Control

This paper studies the modeling and field-oriented control (FOC) for hysteresis motors, with the goal of achieving position control of hysteresis motors for servo applications. Hysteresis motors include a wide range of machines with solid cylindrical or ring-shaped steel rotors, which generate torque primarily via the magnetic hysteresis effect of the rotor material. Previously, hysteresis motors have been mainly used under open-loop operation. However, they are also attractive for position control in some special applications such as in-vacuum operation or when smooth running and high speed is required. In this paper, an equivalent circuit model for hysteresis motors that describes the motor's transient-time dynamics is introduced, and a state-space model for hysteresis motors is developed. This model is used to construct a rotor flux orientation observer for the FOC for hysteresis motors. Three methods for estimating the rotor field angle are introduced. The proposed FOC-based position control method was tested with three hysteresis motors, including two custom-made motors of different rotor materials and one off-the-shelf hysteresis motor. Experimental results show that position control for all three hysteresis motors can reach a bandwidth of 130 Hz with the proposed methods. To the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first experimental study on FOC and position control for hysteresis motors.

A new semianalytical method for analysis of the disc-type permanent magnet hysteresis motor in steady-state operational conditions

Considering the characteristics of hysteresis and permanent magnet motors, it seems that these two motors are complements of each other. Thus, their combination yields a motor with an excellent performance. In order to preserve the major advantages of both motors in the new motor, a disc-type slotless structure is chosen. This paper presents a new finite-element method for the modeling of disc-type permanent magnet hysteresis synchronous (PMHS) motor. In this modeling method a new iterative algorithm is used. Programming software has been linked to finite- element software because of its limitation in the modeling of hysteresis phenomena. Validity of the proposed analysis is checked by experimental results. Reasonably close agreement between the two is obtained and good performance of the PMHS motor is verified.

Adaptive Neural Control for Hysteresis Motor Driving Servo System with Bouc‐Wen Model

An adaptive high‐order neural network (HONN) control strategy is proposed for a hysteresis motor driving servo system with the Bouc‐Wen model. To simplify control design, the model is rewritten as a canonical state space form firstly through coordinate transformation. Then, a high‐gain state observer (HGSO) is proposed to estimate the unknown transformed state. Afterward, a filter for the tracking errors is adopted which converts the vector error e into a scalar error s. Finally, an adaptive HONN controller is presented, and a Lyapunov function candidate guarantees that all the closed‐loop signals are uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB). Simulations verified the effectiveness of the proposed neural network adaptive control strategy for the hysteresis servo motor system.

New design method for multi‐stack disc‐type hysteresis motors based on analytical calculations

Hysteresis motors are widely employed for a variety of high speed applications, thanks to their unique features. Usual design methods could not be used for these motors since the operation mechanism of hysteresis motors is also unique. However, an appropriately developed design method has not been provided by the few relevant published works. This study presents a new iterative design method, which is capable of being used for almost all hysteresis motor structures. Also, it is almost independent of the approach of obtaining the design equations. Multi-stack disc-type slotless structure has been selected as the case study, because of its interesting capabilities. Its design equations are derived by combining the fundamental laws of electromagnetism with the elliptical model of hysteresis loops. Some new techniques are introduced to increase the accuracy of these equations. A sample motor has been designed by applying the direct search optimisation to the proposed design method. The prototyped sample motor has been subjected to various tests. The measured operating characteristics show a great agreement with the design requirements.

A Novel Approach for Analytical Modeling of Circumferential-flux Disk-type Hysteresis Motors Based on Radial Division of the Motor

A Novel Approach for Analytical Modeling of Circumferential-flux Disk-type Hysteresis Motors Based on Radial Division of the Motor

Design and Performance Analysis of a Self-Start Radial Flux-Hysteresis Interior Permanent Magnet Motor

A self-start interior permanent magnet (IPM) motor can be a potential replacement of the conventional induction motor because of its high torque density, smaller size, higher efficiency, and power factor. Traditional self-start IPM motors are equipped with cage windings in the rotor for providing the starting as well as the damping torque. Cage-quipped IPM motors have limited starting and synchronization capabilities. This paper introduces a novel self-start radial flux (RF) hysteresis IPM motor. The rotor of the hysteresis IPM motor has a cylindrical hysteresis ring made of semi-hard magnetic material. High energy density Nd–B–Fe magnets are buried inside the rotor hysteresis ring. The ring is supported by a laminated steel sleeve, allowing the flux to travel radially inside the hysteresis ring. In this paper, the design and performance analysis of a 3-phase 4-pole 1-HP RF-hysteresis IPM motor is carried out using finite-element analysis. The performance of the designed RF-hysteresis IPM motor is compared with similar 1-HP circumferential flux type hysteresis and cage-equipped IPM motors. Based on analysis and simulation, the RF-hysteresis IPM motor demonstrates higher starting and synchronization capabilities than conventional self-start IPM motors.