Hypothetical Scheme Research Articles

Appraising correlation between material requirements planning system and sustainable development: A study of north oil company, Iraq

Studies have shown that material requirements planning systems are critical to organisations’ performance and the balance of sustainability. It would translate to schedule production and deliver the right environmentally friendly products. However, there is a paucity of studies regarding material requirements planning systems and their role in enhancing environmentally friendly products in developing countries such as Iraq. This study appraises the correlation between the material requirements planning system and sustainability development to enhance efficiency in North Oil Company, Iraq. To address the study’s objectives, the researchers developed a hypothetical scheme to express the assumed relationship between the research variables and hypotheses tested. The study adopted a questionnaire survey for the data collection and 40 questionnaires retrieved as suitable from the North Oil Company’s employees in Iraq. The collected data were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics. The research shows a significant correlation between material requirements planning systems and sustainability development. As part of the study’s implications, it suggests increasing the attention to all ways to enhance sustainable development in the researched company. It implies that improving efficiency and protecting the environment through unceasing improvement of processes and feedback to the organisation cannot be exaggerated.

The Role of Entrepreneurial Leadership in Achieving Sustainable

This research seeks to reveal the role of entrepreneurial leadership as an independent variable with its four elements (strategic vision, creativity, principle, investment of opportunities ) in achieving sustainable development as a dependent variable. Recognizing the importance of these topics discussed because of their effects on the individual and the organization, and to achieve this goal and the importance of the expected results from the field studied, the questionnaire was used as a basic tool for collecting data that was distributed to members of the research sample of administrative leaders who hold administrative positions in a number of colleges. The number of ( 32 ) covered ( 15) paragraphs for measurement. The research problem was framed by a set of questions that contribute to determining the relationship and impact, and to achieve the goal mentioned above. A hypothetical scheme was built that includes the two research variables. In light of this scheme, two main hypotheses were formulated. In order to verify these hypotheses, the researcher used the descriptive and analytical approach in addressing the research variables. The research reached conclusions, the most important of which is the presence of entrepreneurial leadership, which plays an important role in achieving sustainable development. The research concluded with a set of recommendations, the most important of which is the adoption of senior management to provide the basic elements of the concept of entrepreneurship and diagnose the enhanced positives to achieve sustainable development and find solutions to the negative situations that hinder its achievement.

Involvement of UV-C-induced genomic instability in stimulation рlant long-term protective reactions

The study of the mechanisms affecting single stress factor impact on long-term metabolic rearrangements is necessary for understanding the principles of plant protective reactions.The objective of the study was to assess the involvement of UV-C-induced genomic instability in induction рlant long-term protective reactions.The study was carried out on two genotypes of chamomile, Perlyna Lisostepu (PL) variety and its mutant, using UV-C pre-sowing seed radiation exposure at dose levels 5–15 kJ/m2. Multiple DNA damages under different exposure doses were studied on plant tissues during the flowering stage using - ISSR-RAPD DNA marker PCR. In the cluster analysis of changes within the amplicon spectra as an integral group the Jacquard similarity index was used.The results of the study suggest that genomic instability is a link between the direct effects of UV-C exposure and stimulation of metabolic rearrangements at the final stages of ontogeny. A hypothetical scheme for the transformation of primary UV-C DNA damage into long-term maintenance of genomic instability signs has been proposed.

The effect of applying International Accounting Standard 12 (income taxes) in the activation of the tax system

The study aims to diagnose the effect of applying International Accounting Standard 12 (income taxes) on tax accounting processes on the one hand, and to identify the reflection of the financial statements as a mediating variable in the relationship between International Accounting Standard 12 (income taxes) as an independent variable and the approved variable for tax accounting. In order to answer these questions, the tax departments were selected as well as a sample of academics specialized in the field of accounting and tax accounting at the University of Sulaymaniyah in the Kurdistan Region - Iraq as a field of study and a source for obtaining the data collected by the questionnaire distributed to a sample of professionals working in the tax departments as well as a sample of Academics specialized in the field of accounting and tax accounting, numbering (127), from which (100) valid forms were retrieved for statistical analysis. The questionnaire was used to collect the required data to analyze it in order to reach the results of the study in both its theoretical and practical aspects. A hypothetical scheme was formulated that reflects the harmonious relationships and influence between the dimensions of the study, which are (International Accounting Standard 12 (income taxes), financial statements, and tax accounting). objectives and implementation of its plan. The field verification was consistent with the theoretical objective, which proved the existence of relationships between the dimensions studied. The study reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is the existence of an impact relationship for International Accounting Standard 12 (income taxes) in activating tax accounting with the presence of financial statements. In light of the conclusions reached by the study, a number of proposals were presented, the most important of which is related to the need for timing decisions to expand attention and focus more on applying International Accounting Standard 12 (income taxes) to better activate tax accounting processes.

Uncovering the Latent Preferences of Slovenia’s Private Forest Owners in the Context of Enhancing Forest Ecosystem Services through a Hypothetical Scheme

Background and objectives: Successful policy implementation relies on understanding stakeholders’ willingness to contribute to policy goals. The EU Green Deal, with strategies on forests, biodiversity, and the bioeconomy, also depends on the performance of the forestry sector, including a significant portion of privately owned forests. Materials and methods: We conducted a nationwide survey among a sample of 341 private forest owners in Slovenia (total population of 424,086). The online questionnaire had three sections: (1) knowledge and priorities regarding ecosystem services and the bioeconomy, (2) a discrete choice experiment for eliciting preferences concerning the implementation of activities supporting strategic goals originating from EU Green Deal policies, and (3) socio-economic data and future forest management objectives. Results: The results indicated heterogeneity in preferences for performing activities on private forest lands to enhance specific forest ES that contribute to policy goals. More than half of the respondents (57.6%) exhibited a reluctance to implement activities and were skeptical of higher compensation payments, whereas the rest expressed an inclination towards changing their forest management. Conclusions: Slovenia’s private forest owners appear to be heterogeneous in their willingness to participate in a hypothetical ES enhancement scheme that could contribute to some EU Green Deal goals. Policymakers must recognize intrinsic motives and social norms that affect the willingness of forest owners to be engaged to increase the acceptance of solutions.

The Mediating Role of Neuromarketing in Achieving Customer Satisfaction based on Market Orientation: An Exploratory Study for a Sample of Workers in Asia Cell Telecom

The interaction of three dimensions forms the theoretical and field framework for this study, namely (market orientation, neuromarketing, and customer satisfaction), as market orientation represents the development of market intelligence about the current and future needs and desires of customers to satisfy those needs, with the distribution of this information to all departments of the organization and the creation of a response comprehensive. In contrast, neuromarketing is represented as researching brain patterns and some physiological consumer responses to marketing stimuli represented by electroencephalography, skin galvanic responses, eye tracking, work services, and facial coding. Therefore, this research represents great importance by identifying three important facts in the science of marketing management, which represent goals that organizations of all kinds seek to achieve and apply to keep pace with competition and confront it. on her, Asia Cell Company was a field for conducting the field side of the study, and the researchers sought to include several questions expressing the problem of the study, which were the basis for building the field side of the study, including (i)Is there a significant effect of market orientation on customer satisfaction and neuromarketing? (ii)Is there an indirect, significant effect of market orientation on customer satisfaction through neuromarketing? To answer these questions, a hypothetical scheme for the study was formulated that reflects the relationships and influences between the two dimensions of the study, which resulted in a set of main and sub-hypotheses that were tested using a number of statistical methods for the data collected in the questionnaire, which numbered (150), and all of them were retrieved. A set of conclusions that were distributed in terms of the theoretical side and the field side, the most important of which are: The increase in the interest of the researched company in customer satisfaction came when the organization adopted the market orientation as its approach. Neuromarketing reinforced these results when it entered a mediating variable, as we note that relying on market orientation and building appropriate strategies. In the light of this approach and through the techniques adopted by the company and provided by neuromarketing, will lead to increased customer satisfaction with the services provided by the researched company. Based on the conclusions reached by the study, both theoretical and field, proposals were presented that are consistent with these conclusions.

The role of strategic intelligence in achieving strategic success Exploratory study in a sample of industrial companies in Nineveh

The study aimed to determine the impact of strategic intelligence on strategic success, which was determined based on the study problem represented in formulating questions that focus on testing the influencing relationships between the variables of the study. The researcher sought to build a hypothetical study scheme that contributes to identifying the nature of the correlation and influence relationships that exist between its variables represented by strategic intelligence as an independent variable and its role in the factors of strategic success (the dependent variable). The medium industrial companies in Nineveh Governorate were chosen as an area for applying the practical side of the study, and (60) companies were selected from them, and the opinions of their managers were surveyed regarding the questionnaire.The study adopted the descriptive analytical approach in collecting data on the study variables and analyzing them to obtain results. In order to test the hypotheses of the study and answer its practical questions, the questionnaire was distributed to a purposive sample of managers of the researched industrial companies. The obtained data expressing the attitudes of the respondents were analyzed using a set of statistical methods according to the statistical program (SPSS V26) to obtain the arithmetic mean, standard deviations, response ratios, correlation and influence relationships. The results confirmed the support and confirmation of its hypotheses, the positivity of its objectives and the validity of its plan, and the field verification was consistent with the theoretical objectives, and the existence of influence relationships between the variables and dimensions of the study. The most prominent of which indicate that there is a significant effect of strategic intelligence in achieving strategic success.

Changes in Lifespan as an Integral Response to the Organism’s Immune Status and Mobile Elements Activity

One of the key goals in studying the molecular and genetic basis of many pathologies is to find triggers, which could positively influence the incidence of age-dependent diseases and the rate of aging in general. A possible cause of age-dependent degradation of the organism functions inducing aging is immunosenescence. It is known that the increased activity of mobile elements observed with age may not only affect the level of genome stability, but also play a crucial role in the development of immune response. At the same time, the pivotal role of the nervous system in controlling lifespan has long been proven, and recently it has been shown that components of the machinery that regulate mobile element activity do function in the nervous system, and their functioning affects the development of neurodegenerative diseases. This mini-review presents evidence for complex aging regulation by the nervous and immune systems, involving systems that control mobile element activity and proposes a hypothetical scheme for their joint impact on lifespan.

Monitoring costs of result-based payments for biodiversity conservation: Will UAV-assisted remote sensing be the game-changer?

Paying landowners for conservation results rather than paying for the measures intended to provide such results is a promising approach to biodiversity conservation. However, key roadblocks to the widespread implementation of such result-based payment schemes are the frequent difficulties in monitoring target species for whose presence a landowner is supposed to receive a remuneration. Until recently, the only conceivable monitoring approach would be monitoring techniques involving qualified experts investigating the presence of target species on-site. With the rise of remote sensing technologies and the increased capabilities and decreased costs of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), opportunities for technological monitoring have entered the scene. We analysed the costs of monitoring yellow flower coverage as an indicator for an ecological target of a hypothetical result-based payments scheme and then compared the costs for expert monitoring against UAV-assisted monitoring. We identified the underlying cost structure and cost components of both monitoring approaches and used a scenario analysis to identify the influence of factors like the costs of UAVs and analysis, area size, and monitoring frequency. We found that although expert monitoring is currently the lowest-cost monitoring approach, cost developments in the future will likely render UAV-assisted monitoring more cost-effective.

Making bird numbers count: Would Dutch farmers accept a result-based meadow bird conservation scheme?

Current management contracts under agri-environmental schemes (AES) are often action-based. This means that farmers are reimbursed for the costs incurred when implementing conservation measures but are not paid based on actual improvements in environmental outcomes. In theory, result-based schemes with payments for outcomes can improve the cost and ecological effectiveness of AES. This article analyses farmers' acceptance of a hypothetical meadow bird management scheme that includes payments for results. The tested scheme was developed together with a Dutch farmer collective and resulted in a hybrid scheme including both result-based and action-based elements. In a discrete choice experiment, farmers were offered (1) a bonus payment that depended on the collective's nature conservation success, and (2) an individual bonus payment that rewarded farmers implementing measures that are expected to contribute more to the success of conservation. Results show that the acceptance of the hypothetical hybrid scheme is high (75%). The collective bonus was evaluated positively when the collective bonus on offer was high (€ 1000/farmer), but a latent class analysis indicates that this does not apply uniformly to all farmers.

METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF INTERSPECIES EXTRAPOLATION OF EXPERIMENTAL DATA UNDER PULSED ACOUSTIC INFLUENCE ON BIOOBJECTS (REVIEW)

Background. Despite a significant number of theoretical and experimental studies, the issue of determining the threshold levels of pulsed acoustic exposure, when exceeded, their negative effect on the morphofunctional state of a biological object begins to appear. Traditionally, in laboratory conditions, such estimates are obtained in experiments on animals, varying the parameters of exposure, followed by extrapolation of the results obtained to humans. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms of disturbances that develop in experimental animals as a result of impulse acoustic impacts have not been sufficiently studied in this context, and indicators of the state of the physiological systems of a biological object that are sensitive to acoustic impulses are not currently taken into account when determining their safe levels.
 Purpose. The purpose of the work was to analyze the pathophysiological mechanisms of the development of biological effects of pulsed low-intensity acoustic exposure at different levels of the organization of a living system and to develop a methodological approach to obtaining a quantitative assessment and extrapolation of data on such exposure from animals to humans, taking into account the physical parameters of the acoustic factor and characteristics of the state of the experimental biological object.
 Materials and methods. The selection and systematic review of the scientific literature on the topic of research by keywords in specialized bibliographic databases was carried out.
 Results. The analysis and generalization of the existing theories about the pathophysiological mechanisms of the biological action of acoustic impulses at different levels of the organization of a living system have been carried out. An original hypothetical scheme for interpreting the effects of acoustic exposure in animals is proposed, which is suitable for obtaining threshold estimates of the levels of the adverse effect of the factor on clinical parameters in experimental animals, and vulnerable critical links in the regulation of external respiration in mammals that cause the damaging effect of acoustic vibrations are identified. A scientific and methodological approach to interspecies extrapolation of medical and biological effects of exposure to low-amplitude air pressure waves from animals to humans has been developed, taking into account the anatomical and physiological parameters of the respiratory system of experimental animals, as well as the informative characteristics of the acoustic pulse. An empirical model is proposed that makes it possible to predict the threshold levels of the conditional power of adverse acoustic effects in humans using data on the development of lung damage in experimental animals of various biological species, and the features of setting up such a model are formulated.
 Conclusion. It has been substantiated that it is relevant to refine the proposed empirical model and develop a theoretical model for extrapolation of the initial experimental data on the threshold of safe acoustic exposure from animals to humans, taking into account the interspecific patterns of functioning of physiological systems of the body that are critical to the impact.

Will passive acoustic monitoring make result‐based payments more attractive? A cost comparison with human observation for farmland bird monitoring

AbstractResult‐based payments (RBPs) reward land users for conservation outcomes and are a promising alternative to standard payments, which are targeted at specific land use measures. A major barrier to the implementation of RBPs, particularly for the conservation of mobile species, is the substantial monitoring cost. Passive acoustic monitoring may offer promising opportunities for low‐cost monitoring as an alternative to human observation. We develop a costing framework for comparing human observation and passive acoustic monitoring and apply it to a hypothetical RBP scheme for farmland bird conservation. We consider three different monitoring scenarios: daytime monitoring for the whinchat and the ortolan bunting, nighttime monitoring for the gray partridge and the common quail, and day‐and‐night monitoring for all four species. We also examine the effect of changes in relevant parameters (such as participating area, travel distance and required monitoring time) on the cost comparison. Our results show that passive acoustic monitoring is still more expensive than human observation for daytime monitoring. In contrast, passive acoustic monitoring has a cost advantage for nighttime as well as day‐and‐nighttime monitoring in all considered scenarios.

The role of information and communication technology in achieving career maturity

The study dealt with two variables of great importance to organizations represented by information and communication technology (as an independent variable) expressed in its dimensions (hardware and equipment, software, applications, human resources, networks and communications) and job maturity (as a dependent variable) represented by its dimensions (career planning, the ability to take Decision, the ability to excel, crystallization of attitudes regarding work, job training) accordingly. The study aimed to determine the role of information and communication technology in achieving job maturity in the Nineveh Governorate Court, reflecting the treatment of a research problem that states: "Is the achievement of job maturity in the researched organization dependent on what it possesses of Expressive dimensions of information and communication technology in the Nineveh Governorate Office. To achieve this, the study adopted a hypothetical scheme that reflects the nature of its hypotheses, which expressed the extent to which the study variables are available and the correlations and influences between them at the macro and partial levels in order to exclude them. For the purpose of analyzing the data obtained, the two researchers relied on a number of methods for describing and diagnosing the variables of the study according to the statistical program (SPSS), as well as the (AMOS) program to test the hypotheses that were prepared to answer the questionsThe study reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is the presence of a significant effect of the dimensions of information and communication technology combined in the dimensions of career maturity combined, and this indicates that the more dimensions of information and communication technology are available, the more it contributes to enhancing the career maturity of the employees working in the researched organization. With regard to the variables of the study. Keywords: information and communication technology, hardware and equipment, software, job maturity, career planning, decision-making ability.

Comparison of Taste Reception and Feeding Behavior of the Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Cichlidae) of Different Age

Comparison of specimens of the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus of two age groups did not show any significant differences. L-cysteine, L-lysine and citric acid have an attractive taste for juveniles (age 1.5 months, body length 6.5–7.0 cm, weight 5–7 g); L-cysteine and citric acid have an attractive taste for adult fish (4 months, 12–15 cm, 45–50 g). The other eight L-amino acids have an indifferent taste for fish of both age groups. Based on the data obtained and the results of other studies, a hypothetical scheme is proposed, according to which the fastest functional transformations of taste reception in fish ontogeny occur after the start of exogenous feeding of larvae and are completed before maturation. Fish of both age groups rarely re–grasp pellets flavored with taste substances, but juveniles spend much more time on pellets orosensory evaluation, up to 1.4–1.6 times. Regardless of the fish age, such an assessment requires more time if the testing of pellets ends with their ingestion. The differences may indicate an undeveloped stereotype of feeding behavior in juveniles of Nile tilapia.

Organizational culture relationship and impact on bullying behavior in the workplace An exploratory study of the opinions of a sample of employees of a number of the faculties of Mustansiriyah University

The research aims to know the impact and relationship of organizational culture with its dimensions (organizational values, organizational beliefs, organizational norms) on the dimensions of bullying behavior in the workplace (verbal violence, organizational procedures, humiliation behavior, and social isolation). To achieve the objectives of the research, a hypothetical scheme was defined in which the nature of the relationship between the independent variable, organizational culture, the dependent variable, and bullying behavior was determined. To test the research hypotheses, the research was applied to a random sample of (147) members of the administrative staff working in a number of colleges of Al-Mustansiriya University (College of Science, College of Engineering, College of Administration and Economics, College of Education, College of Arts). The questionnaire was the main tool for collecting data and information. The research relied on a number of statistical tools and methods, which are the Pearson correlation coefficient and simple linear regression analysis. The research reached several conclusions, the most important of which was the low levels of the organization’s interest in developing and developing the skills and capabilities of its employees, with the presence of a number of bullying behaviors by the direct supervisor towards employees, and a number of recommendations were made, including the importance of redistributing work tasks in proportion to the capabilities and capabilities of employees and monitoring Diagnose cases of bullying and take measures to reduce this phenomenon.

The Impact of University Culture on Academic Performance: Knowledge Management as a Mediating Variable

This study aims to determine the extent of the impact of the university culture on academic performance. and to measure the impact of the mediator Knowledge management in the relationship between them. The hypothetical scheme was developed based on a set of literature that contributed to building the four research hypotheses, the research was applied at the Southern Technical University using the questionnaire tool that was randomly distributed to a group of teachers numbering (121) teachers, (SPSS. V.22, AMOS. V.22) for the purpose of analyzing data in a statistical way and reaching reliable results, after adequate analysis of the data, the results showed that there is a positive impact of the university culture on the development of academic performance. In addition, the study also found a significant impact of the intermediate variable knowledge management on the relationship between university culture and academic performance, and based on the results reached, a set of recommendations have developed.

مدى تأثير مبادئ حوكمة الموارد البشرية في عملية التدريب في المؤسّسات (دراسة تحليلية على عيّنة من العاملين في أكاديمية الخليج العربي للدراسات البحرية)

Exposing the impact of applying the dimensions of governance represented by (disclosure, transparency and social responsibility) in improving the human resources training process at the Arabian Gulf Academy for Maritime Studies. A hypothetical scheme was built according to the variables of the current study, and on its basis the main hypothesis and sub-hypothesis were developed. This study was applied and tested in the maritime sector at the Naval Academy. The questionnaire was used in the process of collecting data from a community sample of (180) employees from the individuals working in the academy, and they were chosen using the intentional sampling method, as the data retrieved by the questionnaire were analyzed using the (SPSSV.26) and (AMOSV22) programs, and the number of retrieved questionnaires was ( 155) questionnaire, all valid for analysis. The problem of the study revolves around the nature of the relationship and impact of human resources governance for the function of training employees working in the Arabian Gulf Academy for Maritime Studies. The results of the study indicated that there is a positive impact of governance dimensions (disclosure, transparency and social responsibility) on training human resources. Based on the results achieved, the study recommends that all institutions raise awareness of the concept of human resource governance, its importance and benefits through the establishment of awareness programs, seminars and training courses for all employees working in the research sample organization

أثر الحوكمة في تطوير الموارد البشرية في أكاديمية الخليج العربي للدراسات البحرية (دراسة تحليلية على عيّنة من العاملين في الأكاديمية البحرية)

This study aims to know the impact of governance in the development of human resources in the Arabian Gulf Academy for Maritime Studies, as the hypothetical scheme was built on the basis of the variables of the current study and on this basis the main and sub-hypotheses were formulated, and this study was applied in the Arabian Gulf Academy for Maritime Studies using the questionnaire In the data collection process, from the study population of (180) employees, where (155) questionnaires were retrieved, all of which are valid for analysis. The results of the analysis of the questionnaires indicated that there is a positive impact of governance in its dimensions (justice - independence - integrity) on the development of human resources in institutions. Whereas, this study aims to identify the link that combines the dimensions of human resources governance and the dimensions of development in one hypothetical model, and that this link plays a key role in improving the performance of workers

The Problem with the Anthropocene: Kainos, Not Anthropos

The Problem with the Anthropocene: <i>Kainos</i>, Not <i>Anthropos</i>

The Role of Professional Development in Employee Retention (Asiacell Communications Company in Sulaymaniyah Governorate - Iraq as a Model)

Career development has a major role in retaining employees in all business organizations, whether private or public, especially in our world today and in light of intense competition. Thus, to retain skilled employees, business organizations must take into account several important and influential administrative factors, including Career development. On this basis, this study provides insight into examining the role of Career development in retaining employees at Asiacell Telecom Company in Sulaymaniyah governorate; this is based on a hypothetical scheme that takes into account the direction of the relationship between Career development and employee retention. To achieve the study›s aim and complete its requirements, the researcher proceeded to prepare a theoretical framework by benefiting from the literature on the subject. The study adopted the descriptive analytical approach and the questionnaire was used to survey the opinions of the study sample, which consisted of (283) employees. Some statistical methods were used to analyze the results and test hypotheses. The most important results of the study were that Career development has a significant role in retaining employees in the company under study. The study reached a set of recommendations, the most important of which is increasing interest in maintaining the administrative organization in Asiacell com., which had a greater impact on employee retention compared to other dimensions of Career development.