Hypericum Perforatum Oil Research Articles

The Antifungal Effects of Hypericum perforatum Nanoemulsion against Candida albicans

Background Oral stomatitis is one of the common infections related to dentures (complete or partial), which is seen in the form of diffuse inflammation, mainly with Candida albicans. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antifungal effects of Hypericum perforatum nanoemulsion against Candida albicans. Materials and Methods The microdilution technique has been used in order to determine the antifungal effects of Hypericum perforatum nanoemulsion. The study has involved four groups: Hypericum perforatum oil, Hypericum perforatum nanoemulsion, distilled water as a negative control, and nystatin as a positive control. The first concentration of nanoemulsion in which no clear fungal growth was observed in the culture medium has been considered as the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and the first concentration in which the fungal growth was completely stopped and no fungal growth was observed in the culture medium has been considered as the Minimum Fungicide Concentration (MFC). One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) has been employed to compare the results between the groups. Tukey's post-hoc test has been used to make comparisons between the groups. The significance level has been considered at less than 0.05. Results Both Hypericum perforatum oil and Hypericum perforatum nanoemulsion have been found to exhibit good antifungal activity against Candida albicans. The MIC and the MFC of the nanoemulsion form have been found to be lower than the non-nanoemulsion form (P<0.05). Among the studied groups, the nystatin group had been found to have the best effect (P<0.05). Conclusion Considering the different antifungal mechanisms and also the different resistance mechanisms of nystatin and Hypericum perforatum nanoemulsion, the prepared nanoemulsion can be used to treat and reduce the population of nystatin-resistant Candida albicans strain. However, the efficiency of these materials needs to be confirmed in larger studies on resistant strains.

Determination of the effect of Hypericum perforatum oil supplementation on silage quality in ruminant feeding

Determination of the effect of Hypericum perforatum oil supplementation on silage quality in ruminant feeding

Plasma treated‐double layer electrospun fiber mats from thermoplastic polyurethane and gelatin for wound healing applications

AbstractConventional wound treatment options provide a barrier against exogenous microbial penetration but cannot simultaneously provide an antibacterial characteristic and promote healing. However, bioactive dressings can accelerate wound healing and have an antibacterial effect in addition to being able to cover and protect lesions. In this study, double‐layer thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)‐gelatin fibrous dressings that mimic the epidermis and dermis layers of the skin were fabricated via electrospinning technique. As a bioactive agent, Hypericum perforatum oil (HPO) was utilized to impart antibacterial and therapeutic properties to the dressings. Tannic acid was also used in fiber mat formulations as a cross‐linking agent. Oxygen plasma treatment was applied as a surface activation technique to improve adhesion of TPU and gelation layers. The fiber structure of the mats was revealed by a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to demonstrate HPO loading onto the mats. The water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) and fluid absorbency of the mats were compared with some commercial dressings. According to these results, it can be suggested that the mats can be used for moderate to high exudative wounds. All dressings, even the control sample showed antibacterial features against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria due to the tannic acid. In vitro wound healing assays were carried out on the plasma‐treated sample and it was observed that the sample did not negatively affect the migration and proliferation abilities of the cells which are necessary for wound healing. Overall results indicated that the plasma‐treated fibrous mat would be a good candidate as a wound dressing material having an antibacterial character.

Biologically active sodium pentaborate pentahydrate and Hypericum perforatum oil loaded polyvinyl alcohol: chitosan membranes

In this study, sodium pentaborate pentahydrate (NaB) and Hypericum perforatum (HP) oil were incorporated into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and chitosan (CH) polymer blend to obtain membranes by solution casting method. In order to see the synergistic effects of NaB and HP oil on the biological and physical properties of the membranes NaB and HP oil were incorporated into membrane matrix in different ratios. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results showed that no significant bond formation between the bioactive components and the PVA:CH matrix. According to mechanical test results, Young's Modulus and elongation at break decreased from 426 MPa to 346 MPa and 52.23 % to 15.11 % for neat PVA:CH membranes and NaB and HP oil incorporated PVA:CH (PVA:CH@35NaB:HP) membranes, respectively. Antimicrobial activity tests have shown the membranes were over 99 % effective against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans, underlining their potential for infection control. Cytocompatibility assay performed with Human Dermal Fibroblast (HDFa) cells highlight the biocompatibility of the membranes, revealing 74.84 % cell viability after 72 h. The properties of NaB and HP oil doped PVA:CH based membranes obtained from these experiments reveal the promise of a versatile membrane for applications in wound healing, tissue engineering and other biomedical fields.

Methyl cellulose/okra mucilage composite films, functionalized with Hypericum perforatum oil and gentamicin, as a potential wound dressing

There is a growing demand for the development of functional wound dressings enriched with bioactive natural compounds to improve the quality of life of the population by accelerating the healing process of chronic wounds. In this regard, a functional composite film of okra mucilage (OM) and methylcellulose (MC) incorporated with Hypericum perforatum oil (Hp) and gentamicin (G) was prepared and characterized as a wound dressing. Increasing Hp resulted in improved film properties with a more porous structure, higher WVTR, and lower surface hydrophobicity. Furthermore, incorporating Hp into OM:MC films led to increased elongation at the break while reducing the tensile strength of the films. The highest values of total antioxidant capacity (1.09–1.16 mM trolox equivalent) and total phenolic content (13.76–16.94 μg GA equivalent mL−1) were measured in the composite films containing the highest Hp concentration (1.5 %). In addition, OM:MC/HpG composite films exhibited significant antibacterial activity against both E. coli and S. aureus and prevented the transmission of these bacteria through the films. Hp incorporation reduced the cytotoxic effects of OM:MC films on BJ cells and increased the wound closure rate in vitro. In conclusion, the developed OM:MC/HpG composite film can be a promising candidate as a novel wound dressing with its superior properties.

Hypericum perforatum Oil and Vitamin A Palmitate-Loaded Gelatin Nanofibers Cross-Linked by Tannic Acid as Wound Dressings.

Recent studies in wound dressing applications offer new therapies to promote the wound healing process. The main strategy of this study is to combine the traditional perspective of using medicinal oils with polymeric scaffolds manufactured by an engineering approach to fabricate a potential tissue engineering product that provides both new tissue formation and wound healing. Thus, Hypericum perforatum oil (HPO) and vitamin A palmitate (VAP) incorporated gelatin (Gt) nanofibrous scaffolds were successfully prepared by the electrospinning method. Tannic acid (TA) was used as the cross-linking agent. The amounts of VAP and HPO loaded in the base Gt solution [15% w/v in 4:6 v/v acetic acid/deionized water] were 5 and 50 wt % (based on the weight of Gt), respectively. The obtained scaffolds were studied regarding their microstructure, chemical structure, thermal stability, antibacterial activity, in vitro release study, and cellular proliferation assay. In the light of these studies, it was determined that VAP and HPO were incorporated successfully in Gt nanofibers cross-linked with TA. Release kinetic tests confirmed that the patterns of TA and VAP release were consistent with the Higuchi model, whereas HPO release was consistent with the first-order kinetic model. In addition, this membrane was biocompatible with L929 fibroblast cells and had antibacterial activity and thermal stability. This preliminary study suggests potential applicability of the proposed dressing to treat skin wounds in clinics.

EMULSION ELECTROSPINNING OF PVA NANOFIBERS CONTAINING HYPERICUM PERFORATUM OIL

The aim of this study is to produce essential oil loaded nanofiber wound dressings from PVA, which is a biodegradable and biocompatible polymer, by emulsion electrospinning method. Hypericum Perforatum oil, known for its antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties on skin disorders, was used and Kolliphor RH40 surfactant was added to emulsify oil in polymer solution. In order to examine the effect of surfactant amount on nanofiber morphology, surfactant was used at 2%, 4% and 6% (w/w) ratios. The effect of surfactant concentration on solution viscosity and fibre morphology were investigated by viscosity measurements and SEM analysis. To confirm the presence of Hypericum Perforatum oil in nanofibers structure FT-IR spectroscopy analysis were carried out. According to the results, the solution viscosity increased as the amount of surfactant increased. Additionally, it was observed that the average diameters of nanofibers, containing 2%, 4%, and 6% surfactant (w/w), increased compared to the pristine PVA nanofiber. In conclusion, the fiber morphology of Hypericum Perforatum oil-containing PVA nanofibers has been changed with the effect of surfactant.

The Antimicrobial and Anti-Biofilm Effects of Hypericum perforatum Oil on Common Pathogens of Periodontitis: An In Vitro Study.

The antibacterial and anti-biofilm effects of Hypericum perforatum oil against the common pathogens of periodontitis (Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis) was investigated. Disk diffusion (DD), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) approaches were applied to test the antimicrobial effects. In order to determine the anti-biofilm effects, the amount of bacterial biofilm formation was assessed using the microtiter plate technique. The anti-biofilm effects were then confirmed by determining the minimum biofilm inhibitor concentration (MBIC). The MIC, MBC, MBIC, and DD values were 64, 256, 512 μg/mL, and 14 mm for Staphylococcus aureus; 128, 256, 512 μg/mL, and 16 mm for Streptococcus mutans; 256, 512, 256 μg/mL, and 20 mm for Escherichia coli; 32, 128, 512 µg/mL, and 16 mm for Enterococcus faecalis; and 64, 128, 256 µg/mL, and 15 mm for Porphyromonas gingivalis, respectively. According to our results, Hypericum perforatum oil has antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties against the common bacteria associated with periodontitis.

An In Vitro Study of Antibacterial Properties of Electrospun Hypericum perforatum Oil-Loaded Poly(lactic Acid) Nonwovens for Potential Biomedical Applications

The growth of population and increase in diseases that cause an enormous demand for biomedical material consumption is a pointer to the pressing need to develop new sustainable biomaterials. Electrospun materials derived from green polymers have gained popularity in recent years for biomedical applications such as tissue engineering, wound dressings, and drug delivery. Among the various bioengineering materials used in the synthesis of a biodegradable polymer, poly(lactic acid) (PLA) has received the most attention from researchers. Hypericum perforatum oil (HPO) has antimicrobial activity against a variety of bacteria. This study aimed to investigate the development of an antibacterial sustainable material based on PLA by incorporating HPO via a simple, low-cost electrospinning method. Chemical, morphological, thermal, thickness and, air permeability properties, and in vitro antibacterial activity of the electrospun nonwoven fabric were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the morphology of the electrospun nonwoven fabric, which had bead-free morphology ultrafine fibers. Antibacterial tests revealed that the Hypericum perforatum oil-loaded poly(lactic acid) nonwoven fabrics obtained had high antibacterial efficiency against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, indicating a strong potential for use in biomedical applications.

Role of Hypericum perforatum oil and pomegranate seed oil in wound healing: an in vitro study.

This study aimed to investigate the wound-healing efficacy of Hypericum perforatum and pomegranate seed extract oil combined with curcumin as an anti inflammatory agent. A series of experiments were carried out to determine effective concentrations for H.perforatum oil, pomegranate seed extract oil, and curcumin. Ibuprofen was used as a positive control. The wound-healing effects of the applied compounds were tested according to the migration experiment model performed in HaCaTcells. A real-time cell analyzer (xCELLigence) was used to determine the cytotoxic/proliferative effects of H.perforatum, pomegranate seed oil, ibuprofen, and curcumin in HaCaTcells alone and their combined use at specified concentrations. After examining the noncytotoxic concentrations of H.perforatum oil, pomegranate seed oil, curcumin, and ibuprofen, migration experiments were performed to examine the wound healing properties. According to the results, the wound-healing efficacy of curcumin and H.perforatum combination was better than ibuprofen combinations. Also, according to the results, the wound-healing efficacy of curcumin and pomegranate seed oil combination was better than ibuprofen combinations. It was concluded that both oils had improved wound-healing properties in combination with curcumin or Ibuprofen.

An in vitro evaluation of Genipin‐crosslinked and Hypericum perforatum incorporated novel membranes for skin tissue engineering applications

AbstractIncorporating medicinal plant extracts in membranes have a great potential as scaffolds for tissue engineering applications or vehicles for delivering therapeutic agents. Herein, Hypericum perforatum oil (0.25, 0.50, % vol/vol) loaded membranes were developed with Polyvinyl alcohol and chitosan polymer, where Genipin works as a chemical crosslinker to obtain a wound dressing material with acceptable characterization properties. Chemical groups, surface morphology, water uptake capacity, water vapor permeability rate, hydrophilicity, and mechanical properties of membranes were thoroughly investigated. Increasing oil concentration had a significant effect on the water uptake, surface morphology. and water vapor permeability rate of the membranes. Cytocompatibility of the membrane was also investigated with mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazoyl‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay for direct and indirect cell culture studies. SEM was used to investigate the cell morphology on the membranes. The MTT assay findings prove that Genipin crosslinked H. perforatum oil loaded scaffolds are highly biocompatible and enhance the adhesion and proliferation of MEF cells. In addition to this, the genotoxicity test was performed to show DNA fragmentation. Results showed that the H. perforatum oil loaded polyvinyl alcohol‐chitosan membrane presents suitable properties for potential skin tissue engineering applications.

Effects on the Wound Healing Process Using Ozonated Oils (Sesame, Nigella sativa, Hypericum perforatum) in Rats

Objective: In this study, the effects of three different ozonated oils (Sesame, Nigella sativa, and Hypericum perforatum) on wound closure rate, healing process, and possible complications were examined macroscopically and microscopically. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one adult Wistar albino female rats were used in the study. Subjects were divided into three groups, early wound healing, (7 days), medium wound healing, (14 days), and late wound healing (21 days). Four full-thickness skin wounds of equal size (10 mm in diameter) were formed on the back regions of all rats. This region was chosen for preventing self-inflicted injuries and reducing external irritation. The wound was left open during the healing process. While the first wound (control) received no treatment in the second wound, ozonated Sesame oil, in the third wound ozonated Nigella sativa oil, and in the fourth wound ozonated Hypericum perforatum oil were used. No group obtained parenteral drug administration. The first, second, and third main groups were euthanized on days 7, 14, and 21, respectively. The wound healing was assessed macroscopically daily. Wound sizes of individual rats were measured with a caliper and digitally photographed every day from the day of injury. After euthanasia, all wound sites of the subjects were evaluated histopathologically. Results: There were no significant differences in wound healing between treatments on the first day 7. On the 14, it was found that the healing was better in the group that applied Nigella sativa and Sesame oils (p≤0.05). On day 21 wound healing was completed in all subjects with a resultant of better outcome in Nigella sativa oil treatment compared with others (p≤0.01). Conclusion: In this study, the best wound healing outcome was achieved with Nigella sativa oil and Sesame oil where three different minced oils were used.

Spectrochemical and biochemical assay comparison study of the healing effect of the Aloe vera and Hypericum perforatum loaded nanofiber dressings on diabetic wound

Diabetic wounds have a slow healing process and easy to be infected. In addition to current drug treatments, supportive approaches are needed for diabetic wound treatment. In this study, we aimed to load Aloe Vera (AV) and Hypericum perforatum oil (HPO) with PCL/Ge (Poly (ɛ-caprolactone)/Gelatine) polymeric biodegradable by electrospinning method into nanofiber dressings on an experimental diabetic wound model to compare the diabetic wound healing effect. Changes in the amount and chemical structure of phospholipids, proteins, and lipids were investigated in the blood and serum samples of the animals using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. To evaluate biological events associated with the wound repair process in inflammatory phase we used oxidant and antioxidant status to determine the healing status of wounds such as Total antioxidant status (TAS), Total oxidant level (TOS) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels. TOS level increased in DM groups and decreased in the AV and HPO group. Oxidative stress index decreased and TNF-α level increased in the HPO group. FTIR spectra showed changes in the phospholipids, proteins, and carbon chain of lipids in the whole blood as well as serum of DM rats. FTIR spectra combined with Principal component analysis (PCA) showed, that treated DM rats by AV and HPO caused return chemical structure of blood and serum to this observed in control group. Higher similarity with control group for HPO rats was observed. HPO is better than AV in the alternative for healing on diabetic wound. Thus, we have demonstrated that IR spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis and biochemical assays are consistent and correlative with each other.

Investigation of antiproliferative effects of Hypericum perforatum oil on myeloma cells

St. Johns wort (Hypericum perforatum) is a medicinal plant that exhibits important biological activities exhibit important biological activities being antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and/or antitumour. The aim of this study was to investigate antiproliferative effect of H. perforatum oil purchased from a commercial vendor on mouse myeloma cells. The cells were treated with various concentration (10%, 5%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, 0.25%, 0.2% and 0.1%) of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to determine the non-toxic concentration. The cells were treated with various concentrations (15.6-500 ppm) of the oil dissolved in DMSO to examine its antiproliferative activity. Non-toxic dose of DMSO was at the concentration of lower than 0.2%. No effect on the cell proliferation was observed in the applied concentration of the oil. In conclusion, the oil had no antiproliferative effect on Myeloma cells at these concentrations.

Development of Hypericum perforatum oil incorporated antimicrobial and antioxidant chitosan cryogel as a wound dressing material

In this study, a herbal infused oil (Hypericum perforatum, HP) incorporated chitosan (CS) cryogel as a wound dressing material was produced in order to be used in wound healing process. The main strategy is to combine the traditional perspective of using medicinal oils with polymeric scaffolds manufactured by an engineering approach to fabricate a potential tissue engineering product that provides both new tissue formation and wound healing. The scaffolds manufactured by cryogelation were soft, spongy, highly porous, physically stable, elastic and could be easily cut in any desired shape. Physicochemical, mechanical and morphological analyzes were used to characterize the produced cryogels. Young modulus of the plain chitosan cryogel was about 21 kPa whereas it increased with increasing HP oil content and became 61 kPa for 20% HP oil ratio. Further, the antimicrobial studies, antioxidant and DNA cleavage effects were investigated. Samples including the highest ratio of oil (CS4) showed the highest DPPH scavenging activity as 69.9%. In addition, 20% HP oil loaded chitosan cryogel demonstrated single strain DNA cleavage activitiy at 500 μg/mL concentration. Antimicrobial studies were applied against seven strains. The lowest activities were obtained against E. hirae and B. cereus, the highest against E. coli and L. pneumophila. This study concluded that the newly developed HP oil loaded chitosan cryogel scaffolds with unique antimicrobial and antioxidant properties are promising candidates to be used in tissue engineering applications as wound dressing for exudative and long-term healing wounds.

Palatal Mukozal Hasar Oluşturulan Tavşanlarda Profilaktik Hypericum Perforatum Yağ Uygulamasının Antioksidan Özellikleri

Objective: This study was aimed to determine the antioxidant and soft tissue wound healing properties of prophylactic (p) application of topical Hypericum perforatum (HP) oil in rabbits. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six New Zealand albino rabbits were randomly classified as p-HP oil (test, n = 18) and p-olive oil (control, n = 18) groups. Each groups of rabbits were topically pretreated with either HP or olive oil before the surgery. Gingival biopsies were excised and analyzed for re-epithelialization (RE) and granulation tissue maturation (GTM) and clinical appearance were scored for erythema, epithelial confluence and general wound appearance on days 3, 7 and 14 after surgery. Levels of VEGF and FGF-2 were assessed immunohistochemically. Tissue catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured using ELISA. Results: Higher epithelial confluence (on the 7th day) and general wound appearance scores (on the 7th and 14th days) were determined in p-HP oil than that of p-olive oil group (p<0.05). On the other hand RE scores did not differ between groups (p>0.05). The number of positively stained FGF-2 cells were higher in the test than that of control (p<0.05) but there were no significant differences between the groups for the number of positively stained VEGF vessels. p-HP oil treatment increased the tissue CAT levels and reduced the MDA levels compared to p-olive oil (p<0.05). Conclusions: The results obtained from this study indicated that topical p-HP oil treatment has antioxidant effects and may be used to accelerate the secondary wound healing compared to its base, olive oil.

Evaluation of the Healing Effects of Hypericum perforatum and Curcumin on Burn Wounds in Rats.

Background For centuries, medicinal plants have been extensively used in wound healing of burn injuries. The aim of this study is to analyze comparatively the effects of curcumin and Hypericum perforatum (HP) on second-degree burn wounds in rats. Materials and Methods. This experimental study was conducted on 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats with second-degree burns. The animals were randomly divided into three groups. The burns were treated with curcumin (Group B) and Hypericum perforatum (HP) on second-degree burn wounds in rats. Results All histological parameters of the control group showed statistically significant difference than the other groups (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between Groups B and C in terms of reepithelization and inflammation (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between Groups B and C in terms of reepithelization and inflammation (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between Groups B and C in terms of reepithelization and inflammation (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between Groups B and C in terms of reepithelization and inflammation (Conclusion Both curcumin and Hypericum perforatum oil are effective in burn wound healing. Our findings showed a better quality of healing in curcumin-treated rats.Hypericum perforatum (HP) on second-degree burn wounds in rats.

The effect of hypericum perforatum oil on the healing process in the care of episiotomy wounds: A randomized controlled trial

IntroductionWomen, postpartum are especially vulnerable after an episiotomy. Several complications may develop such as perineal pain, discomfort, prolonged wound healing, and infection. This study investigated whether the use of Hypericum perforatum (HP) oil used for wound care for women who had received an episiotomy to facilitate labour could be effective in facilitating healing. MethodsThis controlled single-blind and randomized experimental study with a pretest-posttest design. was conducted in a Training and Research Hospital for Gynecology and Obstetrics in Northern Turkey. The 135 women agreeing to participate in the study were randomised into 3 groups: 45 women who used only Saline Solution (SS), 45 women who were treated with HP oil and 45 women who received routine clinical care after episiotomy, the latter constituted the control group 45 women. A structured information form, REEDA (Redness, Edema, Ecchymosis, Discharge, Approximation) scale and VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) were used for data collection. ResultsThe mean age of women was 22.75 ± 3.19 years. The examination of the REEDA scores showed that HP oil decreased the redness, edema, ecchymosis, and discharge in women with episiotomy. HP oil was also more effective regarding the approximation of the wound edges (p < .05). The women, using HP oil for wound care, statistically reported less pain when compared to the women managed with routine wound care or saline solution (p < .00). ConclusionHP oil may be an effective wound care product which may contributes to improving wound healing in women who have had an episiotomy.

Production of Hypericum perforatum oil-loaded membranes for wound dressing material and in vitro tests

Hypericum perforatum oil loaded electrospun polymeric wound dressing material was produced in order to be used in wound therapy. H. perforatum oil is known to have curative effect on wound-healing process. Wound dressing material was produced in two layers, upper layer of which was made of electrospun PCL nanofibres in order to maintain membrane integrity and mechanical strength, and bottom layer that is designed to be in contact with the wound was formed by electrospraying and electrospining of PEG/H. perforatum oil and PCL polymer solutions from opposite directions (concurrently). Methods such as FTIR, optical and electron microscopy, tensile tests, gas permeability tests, contact angle and swelling tests, in vitro release tests were utilized for material characterization. Encapsulation of H. perforatum oil in PEG capsules which were hold by PEG fibres among PCL fibres was confirmed. H. perforatum oil was released in controlled manner. Antimicrobial activity tests on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli revealed that H. perforatum content exhibited antimicrobial activity on both. Material was found to be biocompatible and suitable for use as wound dressing according to the results of in vitro tests, in which L929 mouse fibroblast cell line incubated with materials for investigation of biocompatibility (WST-1) and cell–material interactions (proliferation, apoptosis/necrosis).

Effects of hypericum perforatum, clinoptilolite and hydrocolloid dressing on wound healing in diabetic rats

Women, postpartum are especially vulnerable after an episiotomy. Several complications may develop such as perineal pain, discomfort, prolonged wound healing, and infection. This study investigated whether the use of Hypericum perforatum (HP) oil used for wound care for women who had received an episiotomy to facilitate labour could be effective in facilitating healing.This controlled single-blind and randomized experimental study with a pretest-posttest design. was conducted in a Training and Research Hospital for Gynecology and Obstetrics in Northern Turkey. The 135 women agreeing to participate in the study were randomised into 3 groups: 45 women who used only Saline Solution (SS), 45 women who were treated with HP oil and 45 women who received routine clinical care after episiotomy, the latter constituted the control group 45 women. A structured information form, REEDA (Redness, Edema, Ecchymosis, Discharge, Approximation) scale and VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) were used for data collection.The mean age of women was 22.75 ± 3.19 years. The examination of the REEDA scores showed that HP oil decreased the redness, edema, ecchymosis, and discharge in women with episiotomy. HP oil was also more effective regarding the approximation of the wound edges (p < .05). The women, using HP oil for wound care, statistically reported less pain when compared to the women managed with routine wound care or saline solution (p < .00).HP oil may be an effective wound care product which may contributes to improving wound healing in women who have had an episiotomy.