Hyperbolic Evolution Research Articles

Coarse-graining for fast dynamics of order parameters in the phase-field model.

In standard descriptions, the master equation can be obtained by coarse-graining with the application of the hypothesis of full local thermalization that is equivalent to the local thermodynamic equilibrium. By contrast, fast transformations proceed in the absence of local equilibrium and the master equation must be obtained with the absence of thermalization. In the present work, a non-Markovian master equation leading, in specific cases of relaxation to local thermodynamic equilibrium, to hyperbolic evolution equations for a binary alloy, is derived for a system with two order parameters. One of them is a conserved order parameter related to the atomistic composition, and the other one is a non-conserved order parameter, which is related to phase field. A microscopic basis for phenomenological phase-field models of fast phase transitions, when the transition is so fast that there is not sufficient time to achieve local thermalization between two successive elementary processes in the system, is provided. In a particular case, when the relaxation to local thermalization proceeds by the exponential law, the obtained coarse-grained equations are related to the hyperbolic phase-field model. The solution of the model equations is obtained to demonstrate non-equilibrium phenomenon of solute trapping which appears in rapid growth of dendritic crystals.This article is part of the theme issue 'From atomistic interfaces to dendritic patterns'.

Hyperbolic Evolution Equations, Lorentzian Holonomy, and Riemannian Generalised Killing Spinors

We prove that the Cauchy problem for parallel null vector fields on smooth Lorentzian manifolds is well posed. The proof is based on the derivation and analysis of suitable hyperbolic evolution equations given in terms of the Ricci tensor and other geometric objects. Moreover, we classify Riemannian manifolds satisfying the constraint conditions for this Cauchy problem. It is then possible to characterise certain holonomy reductions of globally hyperbolic manifolds with parallel null vector in terms of flow equations for Riemannian special holonomy metrics. For exceptional holonomy groups these flow equations have been investigated in the literature before in other contexts. As an application, the results provide a classification of Riemannian manifolds admitting imaginary generalised Killing spinors. We will also give new local normal forms for Lorentzian metrics with parallel null spinor in any dimension.

Optimal feedback control and controllability for hyperbolic evolution inclusions of Clarke’s subdifferential type

In this paper, by applying the weak closedness of multi-valued maps and the properties of Clarke’s subdifferential, we consider new results of optimal feedback control and controllability for hyperbolic evolution inclusions of Clarke’s subdifferential type. We omit the condition that the evolution operator and the values of multi-valued map are compact. Our main results can be applied to the problems of hyperbolic partial differential equations and hemivariational inequalities.

Error analysis of implicit Runge–Kutta methods for quasilinear hyperbolic evolution equations

Error analysis of implicit Runge–Kutta methods for quasilinear hyperbolic evolution equations

Finite Element Exterior Calculus for Evolution Problems

Arnold, Falk, and Winther [Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 47 (2010), 281--354] showed that mixed variational problems, and their numerical approximation by mixed methods, could be most completely understood using the ideas and tools of Hilbert complexes. This led to the development of the Finite Element Exterior Calculus (FEEC) for a large class of linear elliptic problems. More recently, Holst and Stern [Found. Comp. Math. 12:3 (2012), 263--293 and 363--387] extended the FEEC framework to semi-linear problems, and to problems containing variational crimes, allowing for the analysis and numerical approximation of linear and nonlinear geometric elliptic partial differential equations on Riemannian manifolds of arbitrary spatial dimension, generalizing surface finite element approximation theory. In this article, we develop another distinct extension to the FEEC, namely to parabolic and hyperbolic evolution systems, allowing for the treatment of geometric and other evolution problems. Our approach is to combine the recent work on the FEEC for elliptic problems with a classical approach to solving evolution problems via semi-discrete finite element methods, by viewing solutions to the evolution problem as lying in time-parameterized Hilbert spaces (or Bochner spaces). Building on classical approaches by Thomee for parabolic problems and Geveci for hyperbolic problems, we establish a priori error estimates for Galerkin FEM approximation in the natural parametrized Hilbert space norms. In particular, we recover the results of Thomee and Geveci for two-dimensional domains and lowest-order mixed methods as special cases, effectively extending their results to arbitrary spatial dimension and to an entire family of mixed methods. We also show how the Holst and Stern framework allows for extensions of these results to certain semi-linear evolution problems.

A survey on second order free boundary value problems modelling MEMS with general permittivity profile

In this survey we review some recent results on microelectromechanical systems with general permittivity profile. Different systems of differential equations are derived by taking various physical modelling aspects into account, according to the particular application. In any case an either semi-or quasilinear hyperbolic or parabolic evolution problem for the displacement of an elastic membrane is coupled with an elliptic moving boundary problem that determines the electrostatic potential in the region occupied by the elastic membrane and a rigid ground plate. Of particular interest in all models is the influence of different classes of permittivity profiles. The subsequent analytical investigations are restricted to a dissipation dominated regime for the membrane's displacement. For the resulting parabolic evolution problems local well-posedness, global existence, the occurrence of finite-time singularities, and convergence of solutions to those of the so-called small-aspect ratio model, respectively, are investigated. Furthermore, a topic is addressed that is of note not till non-constant permittivity profiles are taken into account -the direction of the membrane's deflection or, in mathematical parlance, the sign of the solution to the evolution problem. The survey is completed by a presentation of some numerical results that in particular justify the consideration of the coupled problem by revealing substantial qualitative differences of the solutions to the widely-used small-aspect ratio model and the coupled problem.

Optimal Control of Non-Smooth Hyperbolic Evolution Maxwell Equations in Type-II Superconductivity

We analyze the optimal control of an electromagnetic process in type-II superconductivity. The PDE-constrained optimization problem is to find an optimal applied current density, which steers the electromagnetic fields to the desired ones in the presence of a type-II superconductor. The governing PDE system for the electromagnetic fields consists of hyperbolic evolution Maxwell equations with a nonlinear and nonsmooth constitutive law for the electric field and the current density based on the Bean critical-state model. Through the use of the Maxwell theory, the semigroup theory, Helmholtz decomposition, and results on maximal monotone operators, we develop a mathematical theory including an existence analysis and first-order necessary optimality conditions for the nonsmooth PDE-constrained optimization problem.

Some new results on the well‐posedness of hyperbolic evolution equations

AbstractWe summarize some recently obtained results on the well‐posedness of hyperbolic linear evolution equations. (© 2016 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

The Hartman–Grobman theorem for semilinear hyperbolic evolution equations

The famous Hartman–Grobman theorem for ordinary differential equations is extended to abstract semilinear hyperbolic evolution equations in Banach spaces by means of simple direct proof. It is also shown that the linearising map is Hölder continuous. Several applications to abstract and specific damped wave equations are given, to demonstrate the strength of our results.

Error analysis of implicit Euler methods for quasilinear hyperbolic evolution equations

In this paper we study the convergence of the semi-implicit and the implicit Euler methods for the time integration of abstract, quasilinear hyperbolic evolution equations. The analytical framework considered here includes certain quasilinear Maxwell's and wave equations as special cases. Our analysis shows that the Euler approximations are well-posed and convergent of order one. The techniques will be the basis for the future investigation of higher order time integration methods and full discretizations of certain quasilinear hyperbolic problems.

Space-Time Discontinuous Galerkin Discretizations for Linear First-Order Hyperbolic Evolution Systems

Abstract We introduce a space-time discretization for linear first-order hyperbolic evolution systems using a discontinuous Galerkin approximation in space and a Petrov–Galerkin scheme in time. We show well-posedness and convergence of the discrete system. Then we introduce an adaptive strategy based on goal-oriented dual-weighted error estimation. The full space-time linear system is solved with a parallel multilevel preconditioner. Numerical experiments for the linear transport equation and the Maxwell equation in 2D underline the efficiency of the overall adaptive solution process.

High order ADER schemes for a unified first order hyperbolic formulation of continuum mechanics: Viscous heat-conducting fluids and elastic solids

This paper is concerned with the numerical solution of the unified first order hyperbolic formulation of continuum mechanics recently proposed by Peshkov & Romenski, denoted as HPR model. In that framework, the viscous stresses are computed from the so-called distortion tensor A, which is one of the primary state variables. A very important key feature of the model is its ability to describe at the same time the behavior of inviscid and viscous compressible Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids with heat conduction, as well as the behavior of elastic and visco-plastic solids. This is achieved via a stiff source term that accounts for strain relaxation in the evolution equations of A. Also heat conduction is included via a first order hyperbolic evolution equation of the thermal impulse, from which the heat flux is computed. The governing PDE system is hyperbolic and fully consistent with the principles of thermodynamics. It is also fundamentally different from first order Maxwell-Cattaneo-type relaxation models based on extended irreversible thermodynamics. The connection between the HPR model and the classical hyperbolic-parabolic Navier-Stokes-Fourier theory is established via a formal asymptotic analysis in the stiff relaxation limit. From a numerical point of view, the governing partial differential equations are very challenging, since they form a large nonlinear hyperbolic PDE system that includes stiff source terms and non-conservative products. We apply the successful family of one-step ADER-WENO finite volume and ADER discontinuous Galerkin finite element schemes in the stiff relaxation limit, and compare the numerical results with exact or numerical reference solutions obtained for the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations. To show the universality of the model, the paper is rounded-off with an application to wave propagation in elastic solids.

Asymptotic periodicity for hyperbolic evolution equations and applications

We study the existence and uniqueness of pseudo S-asymptotically ω-periodic mild solutions for hyperbolic evolution equations. We show concrete applications of our methods.

A partially hinged rectangular plate as a model for suspension bridges

A plate model describing the statics and dynamics of a suspensionbridge is suggested. A partially hinged plate subject to nonlinearrestoring hangers is considered. The whole theory from linearproblems, through nonlinear stationary equations, ending with thefull hyperbolic evolution equation is studied. This paper aims tobe the starting point for more refined models.

Hyperbolic divergence cleaning, the electrostatic limit, and potential boundary conditions for particle-in-cell codes

In a numerical solution of the Maxwell–Vlasov system, the consistency with the charge conservation and divergence conditions has to be kept solving the hyperbolic evolution equations of the Maxwell system, since the vector identity ∇⋅(∇×u→)=0 and/or the charge conservation of moving particles may be not satisfied completely due to discretization errors. One possible method to force the consistency is the hyperbolic divergence cleaning. This hyperbolic constraint formulation of Maxwell's equations has been proposed previously, coupling the divergence conditions to the hyperbolic evolution equations, which can then be treated with the same numerical method. We pick up this method again and show that electrostatic limit may be obtained by accentuating the divergence cleaning sub-system and converging to steady state. Hence, the electrostatic case can be treated by the electrodynamic code with reduced computational effort. In addition, potential boundary conditions as often given in practical applications can be coupled in a similar way to get appropriate boundary conditions for the field equations. Numerical results are shown for an electric dipole, a parallel-plate capacitor, and a Langmuir wave. The use of potential boundary conditions is demonstrated in an Einzel lens simulation.

Theory of hyperbolic evolution equations and partial differential equations

Theory of hyperbolic evolution equations and partial differential equations

A fourth-order model for MEMS with clamped boundary conditions

The dynamical and stationary behaviors of a fourth-order equation in the unit ball with clamped boundary conditions and a singular reaction term are investigated. The equation arises in the modeling of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and includes a positive voltage parameter $\lambda$. It is shown that there is a threshold value $\lambda_*>0$ of the voltage parameter such that no radially symmetric stationary solution exists for $\lambda>\lambda_*$, while at least two such solutions exist for $\lambda\in (0,\lambda_*)$. Local and global well-posedness results are obtained for the corresponding hyperbolic and parabolic evolution problems as well as the occurrence of finite time singularities when $\lambda>\lambda_*$.

A free boundary problem modeling electrostatic MEMS: I. Linear bending effects

The dynamical and stationary behaviors of a fourth-order evolution equation with clamped boundary conditions and a singular nonlocal reaction term, which is coupled to an elliptic free boundary problem in a non-smooth domain, are investigated. The equation arises in the modeling of microelectromechanical systems and includes two positive parameters $$\lambda $$ and $$\varepsilon $$ related to the applied voltage and the aspect ratio of the device, respectively. Local and global well-posedness results are obtained for the corresponding hyperbolic and parabolic evolution problems as well as a criterion for global existence excluding the occurrence of finite time singularities which are not physically relevant. Existence of a stable steady state is shown for sufficiently small $$\lambda $$ . Non-existence of steady states is also established when $$\varepsilon $$ is small enough and $$\lambda $$ is large enough (depending on $$\varepsilon $$ ).

Hyperbolic Techniques for Phase Dynamics

The progress in the theory of hyperbolic conservation laws has always been and still is driven strongly by new fields of applications. The workshop addressed aspects of modelling, analysis and numerics for fundamental problems at the interface between hyperbolic evolution and the emerging mathematical theories of complex multiphasic materials. This includes problems in fluid and solid mechanics but also very recent applications in areas like swarm and traffic modelling.

On boundary stabilization of heat exchangers systems with non-smooth time-varying coefficients

This note is dedicated to the boundary feedback stabilization of a class of heat exchangers governed by hyperbolic non-autonomous evolution systems with non-smooth coefficients. We propose boundary controls and use the regularization techniques and the characteristics method to prove the exponential stability of the closed loop system under suitable conditions on the feedback gains.