Symptoms Of Hyperactivity Research Articles

Delayed Outgrowth in Response to the BDNF and Altered Synaptic Proteins in Neurons From SHR Rats.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity symptoms. Neuroimaging studies have revealed a delayed cortical and subcortical development pattern in children diagnosed with ADHD. This study followed up on the development in vitro of frontal cortical neurons from Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), an ADHD rat model, and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY), control strain, over their time in culture, and in response to BDNF treatment at two different days in vitro (DIV). These neurons were also evaluated for synaptic proteins, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and related protein levels. Frontal cortical neurons from the ADHD rat model exhibited shorter dendrites and less dendritic branching over their time in culture. While pro- and mature BDNF levels were not altered, the cAMP-response element-binding (CREB) decreased at 1 DIV and SNAP-25 decreased at 5 DIV. Different from control cultures, exogenous BDNF promoted less dendritic branching in neurons from the ADHD model. Our data revealed that neurons from the ADHD model showed decreased levels of an important transcription factor at the beginning of their development, and their delayed outgrowth and maturation had consequences in the levels of SNAP-25 and may be associated with less response to BDNF. These findings provide an alternative tool for studies on synaptic dysfunctions in ADHD. They may also offer a valuable tool for investigating drug effects and new treatment opportunities.

Comparison of hyperactivity and inattention symptoms in female adolescents with and without a history of pregnancy

Comparison of hyperactivity and inattention symptoms in female adolescents with and without a history of pregnancy

Identifying individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder based on multisite resting-state functionalmagnetic resonance imaging: A radiomics analysis.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, characterized by symptoms of age-inappropriate inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Apart from behavioral symptoms investigated by psychiatric methods, there is no standard biological test to diagnose ADHD. This study aimed to explore whether the radiomics features based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance (rs-fMRI) have more discriminative power for the diagnosis of ADHD. The rs-fMRI of 187 subjects with ADHD and 187 healthy controls were collected from 5 sites of ADHD-200 Consortium. A total of four preprocessed rs-fMRI images including regional homogeneity (ReHo), amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC) and network degree centrality (DC) were used in this study. From each of the four images, we extracted 93 radiomics features within each of 116 automated anatomical labeling brain areas, resulting in a total of 43,152 features for each subject. After dimension reduction and feature selection, 19 radiomics features were retained (5 from ALFF, 9 from ReHo, 3 from VMHC and 2 from DC). By training and optimizing a support vector machine model using the retained features of training dataset, we achieved the accuracy of 76.3% and 77.0% (areas under curve=0.811 and 0.797) in the training and testing datasets, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that radiomics can be a novel strategy for fully utilizing rs-fMRI information to distinguish ADHD from healthy controls. The rs-fMRI-based radiomics features have the potential to be neuroimaging biomarkers for ADHD.

HUBUNGAN KECANDUAN MEDIA SOSIAL TERHADAP KESEHATAN MENTAL REMAJA PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

The covid-19 pandemic has caused everyone to be isolated including teenagers, all activities are carried out online, this has led to an increase in the use of the internet to access social media as a means of communication. Adolescence is the transitional age from childhood to adulthood which is feared to have not been able to control the use of social media positively so that it has an impact on adolescents in the form of addiction. The cross-sectional design was carried out on 89 respondents of adolescents at SMPN 5 Pekanbaru using aproportional random sampling technique. The Social Media Addiction Scale (SMAS) is used to measure the level of social media addiction, while the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is used to measure mental health. Data analysis using the Chi-Square test and the Fisher test. Statistical results obtained results of no social media addiction to mental health with prosocial behavioral symptoms (p value 0,281), behavioral problems (p value 0,346), relationships with peers (p value 0,072) which means p value > ? (0,05), but in social media addiction and mental health emotional symptoms showed p value 0,001 and symptoms of hyperactivity (p value 0,036) which means p value < ? (0,05), there was a relationship between social media addiction to mental health with emotional symptoms. High use of social media can cause adolescents to experience mental health in the from of prosocial, emotional behavior, behavioral problems, hyperactivity, and problems eith peers.

Acupuncture for Treating Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background and Objectives: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood disorder characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. However, it is uncertain whether the use of acupuncture (AT) in children with ADHD is supported by the current evidence. This review aims to provide updated evidence of the effectiveness of acupuncture in children with ADHD. Methods: Nine databases were searched from their inception to 28 July 2022. Two authors independently screened potentially eligible studies. The quality assessment of the selected studies was performed using Version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2). The characteristics of the included studies were presented in a tabular form, and a meta-analysis was performed on the treatment effects of AT on ADHD symptoms. Results: Fourteen studies involving 1185 patients evaluating the efficacy of AT for ADHD treatment were included in this review. Compared to conventional medicine alone, the meta-analysis indicated that AT as an add-on to conventional medicine has a positive effect on improving conduct problems, learning problems, hyperactivity-impulsivity, and hyperactivity symptoms in ADHD patients. Similarly, AT alone was found to improve learning problems, hyperactivity-impulsivity, and hyperactivity symptoms in ADHD patients and exhibited better total treatment efficacy than conventional medicine alone. No major adverse events were reported. The risk of bias of the included studies was generally concerning. Conclusions: Evidence on the effectiveness of AT for ADHD patients is currently too limited to provide recommendations for its usage. More studies with the proper methodology are needed for the validation of AT interventions in treating children with ADHD.

Serum Neurofilament Light Chain and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein as Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Preliminary Study.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the most common neurodevelopment disorders, characterized by a multifactorial etiology based on the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Recent evidence supports the neurobiological hypothesis based on neuroinflammation theory. To date, there are no sufficiently validated diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for ASD. Therefore, we decided to investigate the potential diagnostic role for ASD of two biomarkers well known for other neurological inflammatory conditions: the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and the neurofilament (Nfl). Nfl and GFAP serum levels were analyzed using SiMoA technology in a group of ASD patients and in a healthy control group (CTRS), age- and gender-matched. Then we investigated the distribution, frequency, and correlation between serum Nfl and GFAP levels and clinical data among the ASD group. The comparison of Nfl and GFAP serum levels between ASD children and the control group showed a mean value of these two markers significantly higher in the ASD group (sNfL mean value ASD pt 6.86 pg/mL median value ASD pt 5.7 pg/mL; mean value CTRS 3.55 pg/mL; median value CTRS 3.1 pg; GFAP mean value ASD pt 205.7 pg/mL median value ASD pt 155.4 pg/mL; mean value CTRS 77.12 pg/mL; median value CTRS 63.94 pg/mL). Interestingly, we also found a statistically significant positive correlation between GFAP levels and hyperactivity symptoms (p-value <0.001). Further investigations using larger groups are necessary to confirm our data and to verify in more depth the potential correlation between these biomarkers and ASD clinical features, such as the severity of the core symptoms, the presence of associated symptoms, and/or the evaluation of a therapeutic intervention. However, these data not only might shed a light on the neurobiology of ASD, supporting the neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration hypothesis, but they also might support the use of these biomarkers in the early diagnosis of ASD, to longitudinally monitor the disease activity, and even more as future prognostic biomarkers.

Effects of methylphenidate on impulsive choice and delay aversion in Lewis rats.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a common behavioral disorder in children and young adults, is characterized by symptoms of impulsivity, inattention, and hyperactivity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Lewis rat strain as a model of ADHD by testing their impulsive choices. Lewis rats were compared to their source strain, the Wistar rat, on an impulsive choice task. Rats completed the tasks on and off methylphenidate, a commonly prescribed medication for ADHD. Off methylphenidate, Lewis rats made more impulsive choices than Wistar rats. Analyses of acquisition of choice behavior suggested that both strains were able to discriminate reward sizes, but Lewis rats still chose the smaller-sooner option more than the larger-later (LL) option when the delays to reward were the same. This may be due to an aversion to the LL lever, which was associated with the longest delays to reward. Higher doses of methylphenidate increased LL choices in Lewis rats but decreased LL choices in Wistar rats. Altogether, these results suggest Lewis rats may be a viable model for ADHD in individuals whose symptoms are characterized by impulsive choices.

The impact of a respite volunteer ‘buddy’ programme on behavioural and psychological well‐being in young carers

AbstractYoung carers often face a great amount of emotional burden and have high practical and social responsibilities. The role of being a young carer is associated with behavioural, developmental, physical and psychosocial problems that may not only affect the individual in childhood but also in adulthood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a Danish respite volunteer programme called The Buddies for Children and Youngsters Programme on young carers' (n = 49; aged 6–16) social–emotional functioning. A pre–post‐design was applied, and data were collected through the parent version of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ), here with an impact supplement at baseline and at the end of the programme (after 4 months). The programme showed a positive impact on emotional symptoms, hyperactivity symptoms, conduct problems, peer problems, prosocial aspects and impact aspects, with mean differences values of −2.50 (p = .000), −0.62 (p = .271), −1.18 (p = .000), −0.74 (p = .008), 0.62 (p = .004) and −0.88 (p = .007), respectively. Furthermore, a large effect was found for the total difficulties score: −5.03 (p = .000). In conclusion, the programme seems promising considering its effect on young carers' social–emotional functioning. However, future research should include comparative studies with a longer duration.

Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder with primary symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, beginning in early childhood. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder has a complex etiology based on neurobiological foundations, involving genetic, environmental, and biological factors in the early development process. The etiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder has not been completely clarified yet, but it has been suggested that increased oxidative stress is one of the possible common etiologies in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Oxidative stress can cause cellular damage, DNA repair system malfunction, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial dysfunction is thought to be a susceptibility factor in the development of psychiatric diseases. This article aims to review the research conducted to evaluate the possible relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and mitochondrial dysfunction and systematically examine the data obtained from these studies. Although studies considering the relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and mitochondrial dysfunction are less than those of autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and mood disorders, studies on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are increasing. A compensating system against mitochondrial dysfunction caused by hereditary and environmental factors may be generated by an increase in mitochondrial DNA copy number. Mitochondrial DNA copies may decrease with the reduction of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder severity and attention deficit in patients receiving treatment and may positively affect mitochondrial functions. The literature data of this review show that mitochondrial dysfunction could be a crucial factor in the pathophysiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Understanding mitochondrial contributions in the pathogenesis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder may result in new diagnostic tools and the development of new therapeutic strategies for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder treatment.

Mental health impact of autism on families of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities of genetic origin.

Many children with an intellectual or developmental disability (IDD) have associated autism spectrum disorders (ASD), as well as an increased risk of mental health difficulties. In a cohort with IDD of genetic aetiology, we tested the hypothesis that excess risk attached to those with ASD+IDD, in terms of both children's mental health and parental psychological distress. Participants with a copy number variant or single nucleotide variant (5-19years) were recruited via UK National Health Service. 1904 caregivers competed an online assessment of child mental health and reported on their own psychological wellbeing. We used regression to examine the association between IDD with and without co-occurring ASD, and co-occurring mental health difficulties, as well as with parental psychological distress. We adjusted for children's sex, developmental level, physical health, and socio-economic deprivation. Of the 1904 participants with IDD, 701 (36.8%) had co-occurring ASD. Children with both IDD and ASD were at higher risk of associated disorders than those with IDD alone (ADHD: OR=1.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.46-2.32, p<0.0001; emotional disorders: OR=1.85, 95%CI 1.36-2.5, p<0.0001; disruptive behaviour disorders: OR=1.79, 95%CI 1.36-2.37, p<0.0001). The severity of associated symptoms was also greater in those with ASD (hyperactivity: B=0.25, 95%CI 0.07-0.34, p=0.006; emotional difficulties: B=0.91, 95%CI 0.67 to 1.14, p<0.0001; conduct problems: B=0.25, 95%CI 0.05 to 0.46, p=0.013). Parents of children with IDD and ASD also reported greater psychological distress than those with IDD alone (β=0.1, 95% CI 0.85 to 2.21, p<0.0001). Specifically, in those with ASD, symptoms of hyperactivity (β=0.13, 95% CI 0.29-0.63, p<0.0001), emotional difficulties (β=0.15, 95% CI 0.26-0.51, p<0.0001) and conduct difficulties (β=0.07, 95% CI 0.07-0.37, p<0.004) all significantly contributed to parental psychological distress. Among children with IDD of genetic aetiology, one third have co-occurring ASD. Not only do those with co-occurring ASD present with a wider range of associated mental health disorders and more severe mental health difficulties than those with IDD alone, but their parents also experience more psychological distress. Our findings suggest that the additional mental health and behavioural symptoms in those with ASD contributed to the degree of parental psychological distress.

Group Psychological Intervention for Children with Hyperactivity Disorder

ADHD is a broad psychiatric disorder that affects children of normal or near-normal intelligence. It is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and age-inappropriate impulsivity, and it is often accompanied by learning difficulties, behavioral, emotional, and interpersonal problems. On the other hand, hyperactive tendencies in children with ADHD exhibit ADHD-like behaviors such as lack of self-control, inattention, hyperactivity, and emotional impulsivity. However, because their symptoms are less severe, they do not meet the diagnostic criteria for ADHD but are ADHD or at risk of developing ADHD. The purpose of this study is to alleviate and reduce children’s hyperactivity symptoms by investigating the current situation of the children studied, and systematically intervening and educating children with ADHD through psychological group intervention. Research data shows that ADHD is most commonly diagnosed in school-age children, and in 70%–80% of children with ADHD, symptoms persist into adolescence and 30% into adulthood. Through the use of group psychological intervention in the experiment, the prevalence rate of children with hyperactivity disorder tendency has been effectively reduced. This shows that group psychological intervention training has a significant effect on improving hyperactivity symptoms in children with ADHD tendency.

The Relationship between Attention Deficit, Hyperactivity Symptoms, and Nomophobia

The Relationship between Attention Deficit, Hyperactivity Symptoms, and Nomophobia

Orofacial dysfunction screening examinations in children with sleep-disordered breathing symptoms

Orofacial myofunctional disorders (OMD) and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) may present as comorbidities. Orofacial characteristics might serve as a clinical marker of SDB, allowing early identification and management of OMD and improving treatment outcomes for sleep disorders. The study aims to characterize OMD in children with SDB symptoms and to investigate possible relationships between the presence of various components of OMD and symptoms of SDB. A cross-sectional study of healthy children aged 6–8 from primary schools was conducted in central Vietnam in 2019. SDB symptoms were collected using the parental Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire, Snoring Severity Scale, Epworth Daytime Sleepiness Scale, and lip-taping nasal breathing assessment. Orofacial myofunctional evaluation included assessment of tongue mobility, as well as of lip and tongue strength using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument, and of orofacial characteristics by the protocol of Orofacial Myofunctional Evaluation with Scores. Statistical analysis was used to investigate the relationship between OMD components and SDB symptoms. 487 healthy children were evaluated, of whom 46.2% were female. There were 7.6% of children at high risk of SDB. Children with habitual snoring (10.3%) had an increased incidence of restricted tongue mobility and decreased lip and tongue strength. Abnormal breathing patterns (22.4%) demonstrated lower posterior tongue mobility and lower muscle strength. Daytime sleepiness symptoms were associated with changes in muscle strength, facial appearance, and impaired orofacial function. Lower strengths of lip and tongue or improper nasal breathing were more likely to be present in children with reported sleep apnea (6.6%). Neurobehavioral symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity were linked to anomalous appearance/posture, increases in tongue mobility and oral strength. This study demonstrates a prevalence of orofacial myofunctional anomalies in children exhibiting SDB symptoms. Children with prominent SDB symptoms should be considered as candidates for further orofacial myofunctional assessment.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in a Patient with Lujan-Fryns Syndrome: A Case Report

Introduction: Lujan-Fryns syndrome (LFS), a rare genetic anomaly first described in 1984, is characterized by a unique constellation of clinical features primarily attributed to mutations in the MED12 gene. These features include intellectual disability, behavioral complexities, and distinct somatic attributes. Although formal psychiatric criteria are lacking, numerous case studies have revealed a co-occurrence of LFS with psychological manifestations, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This case report explores the intricate relationship between LFS and ADHD, shedding light on potential diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Case Presentation: We present the clinical profile of a 13-year-old male diagnosed with LFS, who exhibited hyperactivity and inattention symptoms, leading to a diagnosis of ADHD. The patient’s history included full-term birth, developmental delays, and speech challenges, necessitating special education. Treatment for ADHD included methylphenidate extended-release, behavioral modification techniques, and clonidine, resulting in significant symptom improvement. Marfanoid features were present, and LFS was confirmed through genetic testing. Comprehensive care with a multi-disciplinary approach addressed the associated medical concerns. Conclusion: Recognizing and addressing the co-occurrence of LFS and ADHD is crucial. This complex interplay presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges requiring a multidisciplinary approach. The absence of specific medications for LFS-associated ADHD highlights the need for customized treatments. This case report enhances our understanding of their relationship, paving the way for further research to improve clinical care for individuals with both these conditions.

Behavioral Response to Catecholamine Depletion in Individuals With Schizophrenia and Healthy Volunteers.

Dysfunction of the dopamine system is the leading neurobiological hypothesis of schizophrenia. In this study, we tested this hypothesis in the context of aberrance salience theory of delusions using catecholamine depletion. We hypothesized that acute dopamine depletion improves both positive symptoms and salience attribution in individuals with schizophrenia. Catecholamine depletion was achieved by oral administration of alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine (AMPT) in 15 individuals with schizophrenia and 15 healthy volunteers. The study design consisted of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover, single-site experimental trial. The main outcome measures were the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms and the Salience Attribution Test. Catecholamine depletion transiently reduced specific psychotic symptoms in symptomatic individuals with schizophrenia, namely delusions and positive formal thought disorder (interaction treatment-by-timepoint, P = .013 and P = .010, respectively). We also found trends for catecholamine depletion to increase relevant bias and adaptive salience in participants with schizophrenia while decreasing them in healthy controls (interaction group-by-treatment, P = .060 and P = .089, respectively). Exploratory analyses revealed that in participants with schizophrenia, higher relevant bias at 3 hours after the end of AMPT treatment corresponded to lower delusional symptoms (Spearman's rho = -0.761, P = .001). This study suggests that the relationship between dopamine hyperactivity and delusional symptoms in schizophrenia is mediated by impaired attribution of salience to reward-predicting stimuli.

Evaluation of attention deficit, hyperactivity, and impulsivity symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Evaluation of attention deficit, hyperactivity, and impulsivity symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

The impact of neurofeedback training on midbrain activity and symptoms of attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in early childhood: a review study

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity symptoms that can significantly impair a child's functioning and quality of life. Neurofeedback, a form of biofeedback, has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for ADHD, utilizing real-time feedback of brain activity to help individuals self-regulate their brain function. This review paper examines the existing literature on the impact of neurofeedback training on midbrain activity and symptoms of ADHD in young children. The review begins with an overview of ADHD and its current treatment approaches, including medication and behavioural interventions. Then it delves into neurofeedback and how it works, focusing on targeting midbrain activity as a potential modality for ADHD treatment. The review discusses findings from empirical studies that have investigated the impact of neurofeedback training on midbrain activity and symptoms of ADHD in young children, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs), quasi-experimental studies, and case studies. Further, critically evaluated the methodological rigor and limitations of the studies, including sample size, study design, and outcome measures used. It also highlights the findings and trends in the literature, including the potential benefits of neurofeedback training in improving midbrain activity and reducing ADHD symptoms in young children. Then, underlying mechanisms of neurofeedback and its potential as a non- pharmacological intervention for ADHD, including long-term effects and the need for further research are discussed. Finally, the researcher summarizes the findings and implications for clinical practice, highlighting the potential of neurofeedback training as an adjunct or alternative treatment for ADHD in young children. The limitations and future directions for research in this area are discussed to establish the efficacy and safety of neurofeedback training for young children with ADHD.)

Elevated level of testosterone in amniotic fluid during prenatal stress and its association with development of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) like symptoms in toddlers.

To investigate the "prenatal testosterone hypothesis", according to which, high level of testosterone associated with the development of ADHD like symptoms in younger children, and to investigate whether maternal stress during pregnancy in-creases the risk of developing ADHD like symptoms in early childhood. This was a prospective study with three measurement periods: the first one during pregnancy (12 to 25 weeks of gestation); the second period involved the assessment of infants of this pregnancy at the age of 6 months and the third one the assessment of the same infants at the age of 18 months. The research plan is approved by "David Tvildiani Medical University" Research Ethics Committee. The study does not contain serious predictable risks as the expected benefit overweighs them. The study group is presented by 40 pregnant women and 40 infants of these pregnancies. Pregnant women were asked about their perceived stress levels, critical life events of the past year and pregnancy-specific stress levels using standardized questionnaires. Child's temperament and behavioral regulation were assessed using the questionnaires. Amniotic fluid was collected undergoing amniocentesis. Total testosterone in amniotic fluid was measured by radioimmunoassay. Although statistically significant relationship was identified between hyperactivity, also impulsiveness symptoms and pre-natal stress, no statistically significant relationship was identified between testosterone level and hyperactivity, also impulsivity symptoms, as well as between testosterone level and prenatal stress level. The performed study did not support the "hypothesis about prenatal testosterone", because there was a significant negative correlation between the frequency of hyperactivity symptoms and testosterone level.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity symptoms and risk of alcohol use relapse.

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is frequently accompanied by comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Comorbid ADHD has been reported to increase the severity of AUD. We investigated whether ADHD severity also influences AUD relapse risk at baseline and after inpatient treatment. In this study, 187 AUD patients admitted to Narimasu Kosei Hospital from October 2019 to March 2021 were included in the analysis. According to the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS), participants were divided into two groups: ASRS+ with ADHD characteristics (n=43) and ASRS- with low/no ADHD characteristics (n=144). Groups were compared for AUD relapse risk at the start of treatment (baseline) and before hospital discharge using the multidimensional Alcohol Relapse Risk Scale (ARRS). The change in relapse risk during hospitalization was also compared by assessment of the interaction between groups (ASRS+ vs. ASRS-) and time (at discharge vs. baseline). The total ARRS score and dimension subscores for stimulus-induced vulnerability and emotionality problems were significantly higher in the ASRS+ group at baseline and before discharge compared to the ASRS- group. There was a significant group × time interaction indicating less improvement of stimulus-induced vulnerability during inpatient treatment among the ASRS+ group compared to the ASRS- group. Our findings suggest that AUD patients with ADHD characteristics have a higher risk of relapse both at baseline and after inpatient treatment. Stimulus-induced vulnerability to relapse is less likely to improve with treatment in patients with ADHD characteristics.

Screen Time and Attention Deficit Hyperactive Symptoms Among Young Adults in Bangladesh: An Online Cross-Sectional Study During The COVID-19 Pandemic

Objective. Mobile or computer device screening time contributes to developing attention deficithyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study assessed the role of screening time in developing ADHDsymptoms in adults according to the World Health Organization (WHO) Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale(ASRS). Method. This research is an internet-based self-reported study on young adult people aged over 18 yearsamid Covid-19 to collect information on ADHD symptoms and mobile/computer device screening time usinga web-based structured questionnaire. Results. Among the 310 respondents, 124 (40%) had ADHD symptoms. Males with ADHD symptoms(45%) were more than females (35%). Histories of using digital devices with screening time of more than 4hours a day were seven times more likely to develop ADHD symptoms compared to the respondents who hada history of using digital devices with screening time less than 3 hours (aOR 7.5, 95% CI: 3.62-24.92). Conclusion. The occurrence of ADHD symptoms was not uncommon in young adults amid the COVID-19pandemic. More awareness regarding the negative impact of longer screening time in progressing ADHDamong young adults needs to be improved to reduce the risk of developing ADHD.