Hygienic Point Research Articles

On the Diurnal Variation of the Distribution of Air Temperature in the town of Ômati and i_??_s Vicinity, Nagano Prefecture

Since I investigated the air temperature difference between the city of Tokyo and its suburb in No. 7, Vol. 7 1931 of this journal, I have been willing to research the diurnal variation of the distribution of air temperature in a certain town and its vicinity. This summer, in my staying at Ômati, Nagano Prefecture, I tried to make the microclimatic observations of air temperatures, driving an authomobile in and around the town and observing air temperatures with the whirling thermometer, which was sheltered with plated metal for the purpose of preventing from the direct sunshine. The town of Ômati (some 720m above the sea) is situated at the eastern foot of the Japanese Northern Alps, rising to the sky in the northwestern border of Nagano Prefecture, and this town has its population of about ten thousands. Fig. 3 and 4 show the distributions of air temperatures at 5 a.m. and at 2 p.m. of August 22nd, 1931 respectively aud Fig. 5 represents that 11 p.m. of August 23rd, 1931. Fig. 6 is the map, showing the distribution of the isotherms of the equal ranges, comparing the temperatures of 5 a.m. with that of 2 p.m. of the day, August 22nd, 1931. From these maps we can understand that the cultural landscape has much to do with forming the microclimate as well as the natural landscape. The effect of the distribution of air temperature in such a restricted district may be unnecessary to the study in pure meteorology, but I believe that this kind of research is absolutely necessary from the agricultural and hygienic points of view.

Gas Fires from the Hygienic Point of View

Gas Fires from the Hygienic Point of View

The Manufacture of Sole Leather From the Hygienic Point of View

The Manufacture of Sole Leather From the Hygienic Point of View

Bacteriology of Milk

THE public is beginning to recognise the importance of milk and its products from the dietetic and hygienic point of view, and public authorities are becoming alive to the necessity for safeguarding the milk supply from adulteration, from the addition of preservatives, and from contamination with filth and the germs of disease. The appearance of this work, a large volume of 600 pages, is therefore opportune. It is a treatise on milk in its relation to disease rather than, as its title implies, an account of the general bacteriology of, milk, for while such subjects as the souring of milk and the various fermentations it undergoes are dealt with in 55 pages, tuberculosis in relation to milk, epidemics of disease due to infected milk, the legal enactments regulating milk supply, &c, occupy some 350 pages. Bacteriology of Milk. By Harold Swithinbank, of the Bacteriological Research Laboratory, Denham, and George Newman, M.D., D.P.H., Medical Officer of Health of the Metropolitan Borough of Finsbury, and formerly Demonstrator of Bacteriology in King's College, London. With special chapters also by Dr. Newman on the Spread of Disease by Milk and the Control of the Milk Supply. Pp. xx + 605; illustrated. (London: John Murray, 1903.) Price 25s. net.

COMPARATIVE LONGEVITY.

The London<i>Lancet</i>calls attention to the fact of the large number of deaths occurring in well-to-do persons about the beginning of the seventh decade from diseases which are evidences of degeneration and premature senility, while other individuals pass on to the eighth and ninth decades in apparent health. It suggests that those who die thus early after the sixtieth year have indulged their appetites and lived unreasonably from a hygienic point of view. Considering that sixty years is a little beyond the average of human life and the numerous complications of heredity and incidental diseases, it seems that the position taken is a little too positive. People in prosperous circumstances that die at sixty have undoubtedly lived unhygienically in some respects, since no one lives according to the highest sanitary rules; their delinquencies may have been not the mere indulgences of their appetites, but the conditions through which, from

THE SANITARY RESULTS OF OUR CONQUESTS AND ANNEXATIONS.

The addition of tropical territories and population to our national dominion has certain medical and sanitary bearings that are well worthy of careful consideration. This statement does not necessarily imply that such additions involve any elements of national peril in a medical point of view, though that has been urged as a fact by those opposed to such territorial expansion, but simply that it enlarges the range of our national hygienic supervision and brings some sanitary problems more nearly home to us than was formerly the case. Instead of involving new dangers the extension of our rule ought to eradicate existing ones to a large extent and favorably modify others where their complete avoidance is impossible. Warm countries are commonly regarded as unhealthy, and they certainly have some special disadvantages in a hygienic point of view, but it is a fact that ordinary sanitary precautions are hardly anywhere so habitually

Gas Lighting Considered from a Hygienic Point of View

Gas Lighting Considered from a Hygienic Point of View

XXIX.—On the Variations of the Amount of Carbonic Acid in the Ground-Air (Grund-Luft of Pettenkofer)

The chemical examination of ground-air, i.e., the air which is contained in the pores of the soil, was first made by Boussingault and Levy in 1853. Their results, however, attracted little attention till Pettenkofer, in 1857, pointed out that the determination of the amount of carbonic acid in the air of a given soil might be used as a means of estimating the organic decomposition going on there. In 1871 he first published his results, and since that time the subject has been worked at by many investigators both from the agricultural and hygienic point of view, including in the latter class Fleck at Dresden, Eodor at Buda-Pesth, Hesse in Saxony, and Nicholls in America. As researches of this nature have not attracted much attention in this country, a short account of the modus operandi may be interesting as a preliminary.

Rice Culture in Japan, Mexico, and the United States from the Hygienic Point of View

Rice Culture in Japan, Mexico, and the United States from the Hygienic Point of View