Hygiene Index Research Articles

“Dental Health” preventive program as a stage of rehabilitating children with cognitive developmental disabilities

Relevance. One of the paramount directions of preventive dentistry is the development of the author's methods of organization and implementation of dental diseases prevention programs in children with cognitive developmental disabilities, allowing for prevention customization, taking into account the features of child development with disabilities, as well as the combination of many objective factors. The study aimed to increase the efficiency of mentally-retarded children's rehabilitation by improving the dental disease prevention program.Materials and methods. The study involved 140 children diagnosed with moderate mental retardation and comparatively analyzed two methods over three years. Group 1 included 71 subjects aged 8-11 years trained according to "Dental Health", the author's dental and hygiene education program, developed and adjusted to the psychophysical needs of the child development. Group 2 consisted of 69 subjects, trained according to the dental and hygiene education program provided only by the teachers during classes on household chores. We evaluated the effectiveness of the "Dental Health" prevention program introduced into the specialized educational process by the following indices DMFT, simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S); PMA index modified by Parma assessed the condition of the gums. Statistical data were processed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 18.0 application sof tware package.Results. The effectiveness analysis of the author's program for children with moderate mental retardation revealed that the level of oral hygiene in the children increased from "poor" to "good" (2.1 ± 0.3 points to good 0.2 ± 0.1 points); gingival inflammation decreased from 24.6 ± 0.5% to 14.4 ± 0.2%. Classes on dental education and hygiene training helped children with cognitive developmental disabilities to orient better in self, time and place; helped to improve memory, increase vocabulary, form new knowledge and skills, and gradually form effective communication based on the child's intellectual deficiency severity.Conclusions. The developed educational program "Dental Health" for dental diseases primary prevention in children with cognitive developmental disabilities allowed the formation of stable oral care skills, proved by a good score of oral hygiene indices.

Periodontitis Burden in Diffuse Versus Limited Systemic Sclerosis Subtypes: A Pilot Study.

This study aimed to evaluate the periodontal status of a group of Romanian systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients and to investigate the relationships between periodontitis and SSc subtypes. This observational study included patients diagnosed with limited SSc (lcSSc) and diffuse SSc (dcSSc). Demographic data were collected from medical records. Each participant underwent a full-mouth periodontal examination including Bleeding on Probing (BoP) index, Oral Hygiene (OH) index, Probing Depth (PD), Gingival Recession (GR), and Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL). The periodontal status was defined according to presently recognised case definition system. The study included 30 patients with lcSSc and 30 patients with dcSSc with a mean age of 52.45±11.75 years. The overall periodontitis frequence in our SSc group was 95%. The frequency of stage III/IV periodontitis was higher in the dcSSc group (90%) than in the lcSSc group (60%). Within the group of SSc patients, significant positive correlations were observed between age, BoP index, OH index, the number of missing teeth, mean PD, mean CAL on one side and periodontitis diagnosis on the other side (r=0.588, p=0.001; r=0.399, p=0.002; r=0.388, p=0.002; r=0.574, p=0.001; r=0.444, p=0.001; r=0.571, p=0.001). A significant positive correlation existed between the diagnostic of periodontitis and SSc subtypes (r=0.327, p <0.001). Periodontitis was highly prevalent in both lcSSc and dcSSc groups. More stage III/IV periodontitis cases were detected dcSSc group of patients.

Sleep disorders and work-related stress with oral hygiene among Indian shift workers.

Construction workers are mostly migrants from isolated villages and are not vigilant about health care measures besides poor language skills. Majority of the population works in shifts across the globe. As a result of poor sleep architecture, excessive sleepiness or insomnia, the construction labourers working in shifts have approximately twice the risk of OSA when compared with those working in the daytime. Likewise, the performance and the productivity of employees in construction sites are impeded by added stress. Therefore, it is of interest to investigate the sleep disorders, work-related stress and its impact on oral hygiene among the construction workers in Chennai. A cross sectional study was conducted among 518 workers in various construction sites at Chennai, South India. The study incorporated BerlinQuestionnaire to evaluate disordered breathing during sleep, the Work Ability Index that contains questions concerning work, working ability and health and the Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (Greene and Vermillion, 1964) that was used for recording the oral hygiene status. Pearson correlation between education and OHI-S was statistically significant (r=-0.108). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that mean WAI score had a positive significant association with work experience (B=0.059, SE=0.030, p=0.05), habits (B=0.032, SE=0.017, p=0.05) and marital status (B=0.135, SE=0.54, p=0.01). In contrast, education (B=-0.0.052, SE=0.023, p=0.02) and work schedule (B=0.022, SE=0.037, p=0.54) were inversely associated with the mean score. Based on the current findings, it is imperative to restore work ability for those with poor work ability thereby enhancing productivity in the migrant workers. As shift work may be extremely detrimental to poor sleep quality, the employers should arrange shift schedules in accordance with sleep physiology. Additionally, dental awareness and interventions are required to improve oral hygiene among migrant workers.

A Study on Sleep-Pattern and Sleep Hygiene Behaviors Among School Going Adolescents in Semi Urban Coimbatore

Background: Sleep plays an important role in our life. Adolescents undergo several changes with puberty and have a preference for later bedtimes due to internet usage. Evidence shows that many adolescents are not obtain-ing the required amounts of sleep (8-10 hours) due to inadequate sleep practices. The objectives of this research were to study sleep-pattern among adolescents in Semi urban Coimbatore and also to determine the sleep hygiene practices among the adolescents. Methodology: This study is a school based cross-sectional study. A total of 300 adolescents from class VIII to XIIth were selected using simple random sampling. Data was collected from February to May 2018. A structured questionnaire for sleep pattern and Sleep Hygiene Index was used. Results: The adolescents’ mean sleep duration was 7.49 ± 1.12 hours on weekdays and 9.32 ± 1.55 hours on weekends. Mean Sleep Pattern Index (SPI) score was 22.48±6.9 and Mean Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI) score was 17.51±6.3 in our study. Conclusions: Majority of the adolescents had moderate scores of sleep pattern and sleep hygiene practices. Inter-ventions directed towards promoting good sleep hygiene strategies are required to improve the physical and emotional health of adolescents.

Effect of CRP, IL-6, Leukocytes, NLR on Chronic Periodontitis in Acute Coronary Syndrome

Chronic periodontitis is associated with coronary heart disease (CHD), including Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), which causes inflammation. CRP, IL-6, leukocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes are inflammatory mediators. This study aimed to evaluate CRP, IL6, leukocytes, and NLR effect on chronic periodontitis in ACS patients. A total of 60 ACS patients who underwent coronary angiography were used in this study. Coronary artery assessment was measured based on QCA coronary angiography. Periodontal status measured were Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S), Bleeding on Probing (BOP), and Periodontal Index (PI). The normal-mild limit values of chronic periodontitis were periodontal depth (PD) &lt;4mm, while the moderate-severe of chronic periodontitis was PD ≥ 4 mm. Correlation of CRP, IL-6, leukocytes, and NLR to chronic periodontitis was determined by the Spearman correlation test, followed by path analysis using smartPLS software version 3.0. Additionally, the Goodness of Fit analysis and logistic regression was also conducted. Moderate-severe and normal-mild of chronic periodontitis were found in 45 patients (75%) and 15 patients (25%), respectively. OHI-S, BOP, and PI in moderate-severe chronic periodontitis were significantly higher than in the normal-mild chronic periodontitis group (p&lt;0.05). A comparison of CRP, IL-6, leukocytes and NLR showed no significant value (p&gt;0.05) in both groups. There was no significant positive relationship between CRP, IL-6, leukocytes, and NLR with chronic periodontitis. No direct effect of CRP, IL-6, leukocytes and NLR on chronic periodontitis was found, but female sex and smoking directly affected chronic periodontitis (p&lt;0.05). Female and smoking patients had a higher risk of developing more severe chronic periodontitis with a female OR value of 6.916 (95% CI: 0.470 – 101.798), while the OR smoking was 10.759(95% CI: 1.064 – 108.762). ACS patients were dominated by moderate to severe chronic periodontitis and had worse OHI-S, BOP, and PI. There were no significant effects of CRP, IL-6, leukocytes, and NLR on chronic periodontitis. Our findings revealed a significant direct effect and a high risk of female sex and smoking against chronic periodontitis on ACS patients.

Comparison of Self-Tapping Screws Versus Erich’s Arch Bar Wiring for Occlusion Maintenance in the Surgical Management of Mandibular Fracture: A Randomized Control Trial

Background: Conventional methods like Erich’s arch bars and eyelet wires are currently most common methods for achieving temporary inter-maxillary fixation (IMF).&#x0D; Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to compare the efficacy of Self-tapping screws over Erich’s arch bar wiring for inter maxillary fixation in the treatment of mandibular fractures.&#x0D; Methodology: This was a randomized control trial study. Study duration was one year from October 2014 to September 2015. This study involved patients with mandibular fractures aged 22 to 65 years who visited Department of Oral &amp; Maxillofacial Surgery at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. After random sampling according to inclusion and exclusion criteria surgical treatment was done by miniplate osteosynthesis. Study population were divided into two groups. In group A, temporary MMF was done with Erich’s arch bar and in group B treatment was given with self-tapping screws. The study outcomes were total time required for achieving temporary MMF, number of wire stick injury, stability of occlusion and oral hygiene index. All the parameters were measured preoperatively and postoperatively for 14 days up to removal of screws or arch bars.&#x0D; Results: The mean time taken for temporary MMF was 11.31±2.46 min with screws as compared to 84.72±14.30 min with Erich’s arch bar. Mean number of perforations were significantly more in group A. Occlusion stability was 69.2% in group A and 84.6% in group B. The mean value of plaque index in group A was 2.85±0.25 and in group B was 1.15± 0.16.&#x0D; Conclusion: In conclusion, plaque deposition was more in group A.&#x0D; Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2022;8(2):175-180

High prevalence of insomnia among physiatrists in the Czech Republic: A web-based questionnaire survey.

Physicians who suffer from poor sleep quality are at an increased risk of mistakes and poor decision-making. We deemed it noteworthy to assess sleep quality in practicing physiatrists, previously reported to be at higher risk of physician burnout, which was documented associated with sleep deprivation. The aim was to estimate the prevalence of sleep disturbance among practicing physiatrists and evaluate the association of sleep quality with their sleep hygiene habits and depression. Of the 101 study participants (77 females) who met the inclusion criteria, the majority was between the age of 25 and 40 years (70.3%); 62 (61.4%) were specialists and 39 (38.6%) were in training. In this cross-sectional study, practicing physiatrists were invited to complete an anonymous and voluntary web-based survey. The survey consisted of questions covering demographic information, nicotine and caffeine consumption, exercise habits, and three questionnaires: the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and the Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI). Sixty-five (64.4%) respondents showed poor sleep quality (PSQI > 5), and 23 (22.8%) showed at least mild symptoms of depression (BDI-II>13). The mean PSQI, SHI, BDI-II scores were 6.85±3.09, 18.18±5.35, and 8.36±7.52, respectively. Poor sleep quality was significantly positively correlated with symptoms of depression and sleep hygiene misbehavior. We found that 64.4% of practicing physiatrists suffered from poor sleep quality, and 22.8% showed at least mild symptoms of depression. Considerable efforts should be directed toward sleep hygiene behavior and mental health improvement.

Long-term outcome of oral health in uncooperative children with caries treated under general anesthesia.

Although uncooperative children with extensive caries can be treated under general anesthesia (GA), they remain at high-risk for caries recurrence. This study aimed to assess the long-term outcome of the dental health of uncooperative healthy children (HC) and special needs patients (SNP) treated under GA at least 2 years before this study. Data were collected via questionnaire and oral examination. Oral hygiene was assessed using the Hygiene Index, while caries were recorded using ICDAS II. The dmfs/DMFS score was calculated for every participant. A total of 69 patients completed the questionnaire, and 37 were clinically examined (HC = 15, SNP = 22). The mean (±SD-standard diviation) follow-up time was 5.5 (±2.55) years, the mean DMFS score for HC was 6.39 (±4.99), and the mean DMFS score for SNP was 12.95 (±12.29). The SNP group had significantly more filled surfaces on permanent teeth than the HC group (6.18 (±6.17) vs. 1.54 (±3.27), p = 0.004). In regard to primary teeth, HC had a higher dmfs, indicating a clear trend for more decayed surfaces in this group of participants (p = 0.08). The DMFS score was significantly higher in children who underwent GA more than 5 years ago. Oral health-related behavior was not improved as expected. Altogether, HC and SNP have poor oral hygiene and high caries risk in primary and permanent dentition, and their treatment remains challenging.

CORRELATION ASSESSMENT OF THE PARAMETERS OF DENTAL STATUS IN CHILDREN WHO PERMANENTLY LIVE IN DIFFERENT GEOGRAPHICAL ZONES OF THE TRANSCARPATHIAN REGION

The aim of the study. To evaluate the dental status of children with different degrees of caries activity who constantly live in conditions of biogeochemical deficiency of fluorine and iodine and to determine the correlation dependence of indicators. Materials and methods. An examination of 251 children aged 5 to 11 years (129 girls – 51.4% and 122 boys – 48.6%), residents of the mountain and lowland zones of Zakarpattia region, was conducted. The level of hygiene was assessed with the help of the Fedorov–Volodkina hygienic index, and the caries resistance of tooth enamel was determined using the DIAGNOdent pen (KaVo, Germany) and TEP-test (V.P. Okushko, L.I. Kosareva, 1983). Mathematical analysis and verification of the accuracy of the results and the calculation of possible error values were carried out using the Statistica software and Microsoft Office Excel 2007. The statistical analysis of the received data was carried out using the Statistica 6.0 standard statistical software. Results. In the studied regions, the decompensated degree of caries activity in children aged 5 to 11 years prevailed. In the group with a compensated degree of caries activity, the hygiene index was 2.2 ± 0.02 points and 2.0 ± 0.07 points (р &lt; 0.05), with a subcompensated degree of caries activity – 2.7 ± 0.02 points, 2.6 ± 0.6 points; (р &lt; 0.05), with decompensated degree of caries activity – 3.07 ± 0.02 points with temporary and 3.15 ± 0.6 points with variable bite. A significant decrease in caries resistance of enamel is observed among schoolers of Rakhiv school №1, in particular among children with a decompensated degree of caries activity, where this indicator is equal to 82.3%, which is significantly more than the result obtained among children in Uzhhorod school No. 20 (68.2% ). Conclusions. It was statistically established that the presence of a decompensated degree of caries activity had a direct correlation with high rates of tooth enamel demineralization in all studied patients of both educational institutions (r = 0.87, p = 0.05).

INDICATORS OF DENTAL HEALTH AND LOCAL IMMUNITY IN YOUNG ADULTS WHO HAVE SUFFERED FROM CORONAVIRUS INFECTION.

The aim: To determine the dental status and state of local immunity in young adults who have suffered from the coronavirus disease. Materials and methods: The main group consisted of 30 people aged 20-22 years, who suffered from the coronavirus infection Covid19 6.1±1.2 months ago. The comparison group included 20 people who did not have a coronavirus infection. The control group consisted of 35 people, randomized by age and sex, who did not have signs of caries and periodontal tissue disease and did not have coronavirus disease. All patients were examined for dental status and local immunity. Results: The analysis of indicators of dental status revealed the possibility of the existence of a relationship between the signs of acute SARS-Cov2 viral infection and the development of caries and periodontal tissue diseases. Significant changes in the local immunity of the oral cavity were found in the examined patients, which had a pathogenetic influence on the development and progression of caries and periodontal tissue diseases: a significant increase in the level of Ig G, as well as a probable decrease in the concentration of SIg A relative to the comparison group, a probably higher normative value of pathogenic small- and medium-molecular CICs with a significant decrease in the level of physiological large-sized CICs relative to the comparison group, a decrease in the content of anti-inflammatory IL-4, as well as increased concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusions: Young adults who have suffered a coronavirus infection during the last 6 months have significantly higher caries prevalence, bleeding index, PMA index and hygiene index, halitosis, which indicates deeper tissue damage and tooth pathology with the formation of dentition defects than in the comparison group. Indicators of local immunity of the oral fluid have a deep and specific character.

Патофизиологические аспекты гиперестезии зубов и пути ее устранения у пожилых пациентов после перенесенной новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19

Currently, there is no scientifically substantiated information on the occurrence of dental hyperesthesia and its causes in patients who have undergone a new coronavirus infection COVID-19. Objective: to study the occurrence of dental hyperesthesia, to analyze the causes and to find ways to eliminate it in elderly patients after a new coronavirus infection COVID-19. Material and methods. The incidence of dental hyperesthesia was studied in 175 elderly people (from 61 to 75 years old) who had a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 2-4 months ago. As a control group, 125 elderly people were examined, who had not suffered from a new COVID-19 coronavirus infection before their examination. Functional resistance of hard tissues of teeth was assessed using the index of enamel resistance test (TER-test) according to V.R. Okushko and oral hygiene using the simplified index of oral hygiene of Green-Vermillion OHI-S. Results. It has been established that in the postcovid period, dental hyperesthesia is more common in elderly patients, the cause of which is the demineralization of tooth enamel due to the deterioration of individual oral hygiene. Generally accepted oral hygiene in elderly people suffering from dental hyperesthesia contributes to the normalization of the TER-test indicators with a period of 3 to 6 months of regular dental and oral care. The additional use of remineralizing ASEPTА gel for teeth by patients during dental care made it possible to achieve high structural and functional resistance of tooth enamel during the quarter. Conclusion. In people who have undergone a new coronavirus infection COVID-19, due to the deterioration of the hygienic condition of the oral cavity, there is a decrease in the mineralization of hard tooth tissues, which is a factor in the occurrence of dental hyperesthesia and confirms the crystal chemical theory of this pathology. The additional use of remineralizing ASEPTА dental gel for individual dental and oral care makes it possible to achieve high caries resistance of tooth enamel in a shorter time.

Evaluation and Management of Oral Complications in Oral Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy

Background: Mucositis, xerostomia, dysgeusia, trismus, radiation caries, osteomyelitis, and osteoradionecrosis are a few examples of radiotherapy (RT) complications, eventually distressing the patient’s life. Objectives: To study the oral complications emerging due to RT and evaluate dental management of such complications before, during, and post-RT in oral cancer patients. Methods: Patients were evaluated on various parameters, which include the Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHI-S), Periodontal Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), D – Decayed, M – Missing due to caries, F – Filled, T – permanent teeth (DMFT) Index, mucositis, xerostomia, dysgeusia, and interincisal distance before, during (10th session and last session), and 1 month after the last session of RT were evaluated and compared. Statistical Analysis: The following tests were applied: Chi-square test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, and standard deviation method. Results: P value &lt;0.001 in OHI-S, PI, GI, DMFT index, mucositis, xerostomia, and dysgeusia, which is statistically significant. There was no difference found statistically in the interincisal distance. Conclusions: Oral healthcare team serves a vital role in preventing and managing short- and long-term complications of RT. There should be a mandatory prerequisite to visit an oral physician before, during, and after RT for supportive and palliative oral care.

Effectiveness of subgingival irrigation and powered toothbrush as home care maintenance protocol in type 2 diabetic patients with active periodontal disease: A 4-month randomized controlled trial.

There is a bidirectional link between diabetes and periodontal disease. Control of active periodontal infection is an essential requisite to maintain optimal oral and systemic health in diabetic patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of subgingival irrigation and powered toothbrush as home care maintenance protocol in type 2 diabetic patients with active periodontal disease compared to routine oral hygiene. Forty (n = 40) diabetic (HbA1c >7%) patients were enrolled in this parallel, examiner-blind, interventional clinical trial. Patients were randomized into two groups: Group A (sonic toothbrush and irrigation with water twice daily) or Group B (manual toothbrush and mouth rinsing with 0.12% Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) twice daily)). All patients received Phase I therapybefore the start of the study. Clinical parameters (plaque index [PI], gingival index [GI], oral hygiene index [OHI], pocket depth [PD], clinical attachment level [CAL], and bleeding index [BI]) were assessed at baseline, 1, 2, and 4 months. Levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), HbA1c, and interleukin (IL)-1 β were assessed at baseline and 4 months only. Verbal and written instructions were provided to each subject specific to their intervention allocation. Descriptive, parametric, and nonparametric analyses were used where appropriate. Sixteen (n = 16) patients in Group A and fifteen (n = 15) patients in Group B completed the 4-month study. Both groups showed a significant difference in BI, PD, CAL, and HbA1c from baseline to 4 months. There were no differences within groups for OHI, GI, or PI and CRP, IL-1 β. The results are based on an underpowered study due to the drop out of 9 patients reducing the number below the needed 19 patients per group based on the power analysis. Results from this study provide information for future studies on self-care regimens for individuals living with Type 2 diabetes.

Effectiveness of an Oral Health Intervention Program for Group of Egyptian Children with Congenital Heart Defects

Purpose: This study evaluated an oral health program on group of Egyptian children with congenital heart defects and healthy children. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on a sample group of 110 Egyptian children with age (3 to 6) years old with congenital heart defect and healthy children. In each groups number of girls nearly equal number of boys. The oral health status was evaluated regarding to Intra oral examination of oral tissue and teeth, (dmf) index used to assess dental caries in primary teeth in primary dentition stage, gingival index, and oral Hygiene index (OHI-S) was also measured. Results: Regarding gender, there was no statistically significant difference. There was no statistically significant difference between median dmf scores in the two groups (P-value = 0.760, Effect size = 0056). normal group showed statistically significantly lower median GI scores than CHD group (P-value <0.001, Effect size = 1.985), (P-value <0.001, Effect size = 1.59), (P-value <0.001, Effect size = 0.736) and (P-value = 0.004, Effect size = 0.432), respectively. Conclusions: Oral health program on Egyptian children with congenital heart improves teeth caries and significantly improves gingival index and oral Hygiene index (OHI-S).

Oral Health Status and Dental Treatment Needs among Children with and without Hearing Impairment in Hyderabad, India: A Cross-sectional Study

Aim: The study aimed to assess the oral health status and dental treatment needs of children with hearing impairment (CHI) and children without hearing impairment (HI). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 110 CHI and 105 children without HI (13–18 years) in Hyderabad, India from February–March 2019. Two special schools (for CHI) and one government (regular) school were selected by purposive sampling. American Dental Association Type-4 dental examination was conducted at respective school premises and modified World Health Organization Oral Health Assessment form, 2013 was used to record the oral health findings. Chi-square test/Fisher’s exact test and Z-test were calculated at P &lt; 0.05. Results: Prevalence of dental caries was 69% and 26% among CHI and children without HI, respectively (P &lt; 0.001). Good oral hygiene, as determined by oral hygiene index scores, was merely 31.8% among CHI compared to 82.9% in children without HI. CHI in need of any dental treatment was higher at 89.1% compared to 43.8% of children without HI. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that CHI has a higher prevalence of dental caries than children without HI in Hyderabad, India. This high prevalence of caries among CHI represents the unmet dental needs and neglect of their oral health care. Oral health promotion is the need of the hour to help nurture good oral health practices among children in general and CHI in particular.

Development and Validation of an Instrument to Assess Oral Health Literacy among Adults-seeking Dental Care in Pune, India

Context: Oral health literacy (OHL) has emerged as an important dimension of oral health care with the potential to have multiple applications in a health-care setting. Most of the tools that measure were developed out of India. Aim: Since OHL is a contextually sensitive construct, this study developed and validated a tool to measure OHL among adults in India. Material and Methods: A questionnaire covering all three domains of OHL was framed in two languages using the “dual development approach.” After content validation, the 20-item questionnaire was subjected to test-retest, pretest, and pilot test. It was then administered to 200 adults in a dental college and five private clinics. Socio-demographics, Decayed, Missing, Filled Permanent Teeth (DMFT) and Oral Hygiene Index– Simplified (OHI-S) were recorded to establish the construct and predictor validity of the tool. Results: The results showed that the overall reliability of the questionnaire was high, with Cronbach’s alpha of 0.81. The mean OHL score was 15.4, with a minimum score of 2 and a maximum of 20. A statistically significant correlation was found between socioeconomic status and OHL as an indicator of convergent validity (r = 0.62). The discriminant validity of the questionnaire was assessed by comparing OHL levels with education levels using the Kruskal–Wallis test, and statistically significant results were derived. Significant associations (P &lt; 0.001) between DMFT and OHL; and OHI-S and OHL were found with an adjusted odds ratio of 3.01 and 4.78, respectively, establishing its predictive validity. Conclusions: Hence the validity and reliability of this tool were established through this research, opening avenues for further research.

Prevalence of Chronic Periodontitis and Chronic Stress in the South Indian Population.

Background Chronic stress is commonly thought to have a net negative effect on the efficacy of the immune response, leading to an imbalance between host and parasite and consequently resulting in a periodontal breakdown. Aim To identify the prevalence of chronic periodontitis and chronic stress as well as a comparative evaluation of clinical, demographic, and psychoanalytical parameters among the South Indian population. Materials and methods A total of 500 subjects between the ages of 30 and 60 were chosen from the Trivandrum district, Kerala, using multistage random sampling. Subjects were evaluated based on psychoanalytical parameters as well as periodontal examination. Psychoanalytical parameters were measured by the questionnaire method using the perceived stress scale. Periodontal parameters examined were the probing depth, clinical attachment loss, bleeding on probing, simplified oral hygiene index, and community periodontal index (loss of attachment). Statistical Analysis Categorical and quantitative variables were expressed as frequency (percentage) and mean ± SD respectively. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between the periodontal variables and psychoanalytical variables. All the statistical analysis was performed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Statistics for Windows (IBM Corp., USA). Results A total of 500 subjects, of whom 308 (61.6%) were female and 192 (38.1%) were male, participated in this study. The overall prevalence of periodontitis among all the subjects was found to be 42.4%, and the proportion of periodontitis among the stressed participants was found to be 46.2%, which is 10% higher compared to the non-stressed (36.1%) participants. Conclusion Our study showed an increased frequency of periodontitis among the stressed subjects as compared to the non-stressed subjects. These findings suggest that there is a positive association between chronic stress and chronic periodontitis, but further prospective studies are required to establish the extent of the effect chronic stress has on chronic periodontitis and vice versa.

CLINICAL FEATURES OF THE CARIES COURSE OF TEMPORARY TEETH IN CHILDREN.

The aim: Assess the incidence of caries of temporary teeth in children using the indices drxfm, SIC, ICDAS. Materials and methods: A survey of 255 children 3 and 6 years old was conducted and 2 research groups were formed. We determined the prevalence, intensity of caries by the expanded formula drxfm, SIC-index and ICDAS II 1-6, as well as determined the Green-Vermilion hygienic index. Results: The high prevalence of caries of permanent teeth according to WHO criteria was revealed. The average value of ICDAS II 1-6 at the age of 3 years is 1.91 « 0.24 teeth, p <0.05. In 6-year-olds, this index was 3.78 « 0.32 teeth, p <0.05. In 3-year-old children, the average value of SIC was 2.64 « 0.09 teeth, which probably differed from that of 6-year-old children - 6.82 « 0.12 teeth. Regarding the Green-Vermilion index, unsatisfactory oral hygiene was found in children aged 3 and 6 years. Conclusions: Thus, the obtained high rates of prevalence and intensity of caries determine the special importance of caries prevention measures and indicate the need to find new approaches in the fight for dental health of children.

Патологія пародонту при системному червоному вовчаку

Introduction. Periodontal disease (PD), including gingivitis and periodontitis, is a very common disease worldwide. The prevalence of gingivitis ranges from 38% to 85%. There is increasing evidence that oral dysbiosis as well as periodontitis-related pathogens may be involved in the pathophysiology of autoimmune inflammatory diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods. Based on the analysis of scientific sources, establish the main pathological aspects of periodontal damage in SLE. Results. The clinical picture of the condition of peri-dental tissues in SLE was represented by a polymorphic combination characterized by hypertrophic and catarrhal lesions of the periodontium in acute and subacute stages of periodontitis, which is mostly untreatable without correcting the therapy of the underlying disease. The X-ray picture was characterized by thinning of the top of the interdental septa (especially the compact bone plate) and diffuse osteoporosis of the bone tissue. Gross destructive bone resorption is uncharacteristic for SLE. At the same time, radiological changes in the bone tissue of the jaws, as a rule, were uniform throughout the alveolar edge, which indicated the simultaneous involvement in the process in the entire area and the systemic (caused by the main rheumatic disease) genesis of periodontal changes. The results of studies of periodontal tissues showed that patients with SLE do not have a big difference in the values of hygiene indices and gum condition, but have low periodontal indices due to the smaller depth of periodontal pockets compared to the group of somatically healthy patients. Researchers explain this fact mainly by the effects of long-term use of hormonal drugs and, possibly, the lower pathogenicity of the microflora of the oral cavity. Conclusions. SLE affects the periodontium. In most cases, periodontitis with SLE has a hypertrophic and catarrhal character with more pronounced bleeding and granulations from periodontal pockets.

Features of oral hygiene index assessment in children with dentofacial abnormalities and deformities against the background of bronchopulmonary pathology

Features of oral hygiene index assessment in children with dentofacial abnormalities and deformities against the background of bronchopulmonary pathology