Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging Assay Research Articles

Unlocking the anti-cancer potential of phytocompounds from essential oils extracted from Cymbopogon martini, Melaleuca alternifolia, Rosmarinus officinalis and Boswellia serrate: in-silico docking and wet lab validation

Cymbopogon martini, Melaleuca alternifolia, Rosmarinus officinalis and Boswellia serrata are medicinal plants that include ingredients that have therapeutic and medicinal phytocompounds endowed with innumerable pharmacological and biological activities. These plants are widely known for producing herbal essential oils (EOs) that are used as traditional and complementary medicine to cure various ailments. This study aimed in-silico docking of major phytoconstituents against cancer associated cancer-related human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTORC2) proteins as relevant targets for cancer medication development followed by wet lab validation using in vitro approach. The hydro-distillation process was used to extract the EOs from plants. Subsequently, the most dominant compounds along with some minor compounds from all EOs were docked using computational study. Subsequently, an in-vitro confirmation study was conducted to ascertain each EO's potential for anticancer effects. The (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) MTT test measured the essential oil's anti-cancer effect on HeLa cell line. A study on EO’s antioxidant properties was also conducted. The pharmacokinetic characteristics were also established. Findings from the in-silico investigation indicated a strong docking of phytochemicals against HER2 and mTORC2 cancer cell targets. The ADMET prediction tool was utilized to estimate the in-silico pharmacokinetic and drug-like characteristics of the key compounds. The observed findings shown that all phytocompounds have drug like properties. Finally, during wet lab validation, EOs were shown to exhibit robust cytotoxicity against the HeLa cell line after 24 h incubation. Moreover, EOs possess potent antioxidant properties observed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid (ABTS), Hydroxyl Radical scavenging and Iron Chelating Assays. These foremost findings may help in the development of novel anti-proliferative treatment drugs. Therefore, more research is necessary to establish the in vivo anticancer properties of this species of Cymbopogon martinii, Melaleuca alternifolia, Rosmarinus officinalis, and Boswellia serrata in cancer cells as well as to investigate the molecular processes behind their anticancer activities.

Hepatoprotective effects of ethanolic extract of Corallocarpus epigaeus roots on nitrobenzene-induced liver injury in Wistar rats

ABSTRACT This study examined the potential of Corallocarpus epigaeus ethanolic root extract to combat free radicals using DPPH, FRAP, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide scavenging assays. Rats were initially exposed to a single oral dose of nitrobenzene (50 mg kg−1 body weight), followed by a 15-d oral regimen of the ethanolic root extract of C. epigaeus at 200 mg kg−1 body weight. The assessment of serum liver marker enzymes (AST, ALT, and ALP), lipid peroxidation levels, antioxidant enzyme activities, and histopathological examinations of liver tissues were carried out. The C. epigaeus ethanolic root extract demonstrated antioxidant properties and contained flavonoids, tannins, carotenoids, lycopene, and phenolic compounds. In Nitrobenzene-induced rats, elevated serum markers and increased liver lipid peroxidation were observed that were normalized by the extract. It also increased antioxidant enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. Histopathological analysis confirmed the hepatoprotective effects of the extract.

Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Hydrogels Based on the Water‐Insoluble β‐Glucan From Poria cocos Loaded With Total Flavonoids of Ampelopsis grossedentata

AbstractThis study aims to develop and assess an antimicrobial hydrogel that provides a sanitizer effect while avoiding skin oxidative damage. The hydrogel is composed of Poria cocos polysaccharide and loaded with total flavonoids extracted from Ampelopsis grossedentata (TF@PCPA‐G). The antibacterial activity of TF@PCPA‐G was assessed through minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), zone of inhibition, and SYTOX green staining measurements. The findings indicate that TF@PCPA‐G exhibited remarkable antibacterial potency. Additionally, the antioxidant properties of the hydrogel were examined using DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay models, revealing that TF@PCPA‐G possessed a persistent ability to neutralize free radicals. Subsequently, the antioxidant properties of TF@PCPA‐G were further investigated using cellular and animal models of oxidative damage. As anticipated, TF@PCPA‐G effectively alleviated oxidative stress in cells and animal skin. In conclusion, TF@PCPA‐G has been demonstrated to eliminate bacteria effectively and prevent skin damage.

The Optimization of the Hot Water Extraction of the Polysaccharide-Rich Fraction from Agaricus bisporus

The optimization of extraction parameters, including the process time, temperature, and liquid-to-solid ratio, was conducted in order to obtain the polysaccharide-rich fraction from the lyophilized Agaricus bisporus fruiting body. The efficiency of extraction for polysaccharides and antioxidant activity was determined by analyzing the extracts for total carbohydrate content, the reducing sugars content, and the antioxidant activity employing DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays. The results showed that all parameters, except for the extraction time, impacted differently on the extraction efficiency of polysaccharides and antioxidant activity. The highest total carbohydrate content was observed at the longest process time, highest temperature, and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 118 mL/g. To minimize the reducing sugar level, a lower temperature is required, while the highest antioxidant activity requires a moderate temperature and the lowest liquid-to-solid ratio. The optimization of antioxidant activity by means of the DPPH and H2O2 method failed, which shows that the specific mechanism of polysaccharides as antioxidants needs further investigation. The aqueous extraction method demonstrated to be an efficient and simple approach to recover the potentially bioactive polysaccharide fractions from Agaricus bisporus that are also active as antioxidants.

Determination and antioxidant analysis of seven flavonoids in bamboo-leaf extracts

The flavonoid contents of different bamboo-leaf extracts and their relationships to antioxidant activity were investigated in this study by preparing nine samples using two commercially available bamboo-leaf extract products and seven bamboo-leaf extracts such as Phyllostachys edulis. A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was established to determine seven flavonoid components (orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, isovitexin, tricin, luteolin and luteoloside) in these samples, which were separated using a SymmetryShieldTM RP8 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) under gradient-elution conditions using acetonitrile as mobile phase A and 0.5% (v/v) acetic acid aqueous solution as mobile phase B. The antioxidant activities of the samples were evaluated using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical-scavenging assays, with half inhibitory concentration (IC50) as an indicator and the butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) antioxidants as positive controls. Pearson correlation was then used to analyze the relationship between flavonoid content and antioxidant activity. The HPLC method was found to be accurate and reliable for determining the flavonoid contents of the bamboo-leaf extracts. The seven flavonoids were well separated, and good linear relationships were exhibited (correlation coefficients (R2)≥0.9990). Furthermore, the contents of the seven flavonoids in the bamboo-leaf extracts ranged from 14.97 to 183.94 mg/g, with the highest content of 183.94 mg/g recorded for Phyllostachys edulis. The bamboo species exhibited significantly different flavonoid contents, with Phyllostachys edulis showing the highest orientin, isoorientin, and vitexin levels of 38.45, 101.30, and 9.42 mg/g, respectively. Moreover, the bamboo-leaf extracts exhibited IC50 values of 78.23-179.41 mg/L for DPPH-radical-scavenging, while values of 203.48-1250.81 mg/L were recorded for hydroxyl radicals. The Phyllostachys edulis leaf extract exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity, with the lowest IC50 values of 78.23 and 203.48 mg/L for DPPH and hydroxyl, respectively; it showed greatly significant for the further development and application of Phyllostachys edulis. Finally, the relationships between flavonoid content and the DPPH- and hydroxyl-radical-scavenging activities (based on the IC50 values) were correlated, which revealed that the orientin and isoorientin contents are closely related to the antioxidant activities of the bamboo-leaf extracts. Consequently, the orientin and isoorientin contents can be used as indicators for evaluating the antioxidant activities of bamboo-leaf extracts.

Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Medicinal Plant Extracts: Insights into Potential Therapeutic Applications .

This study evaluates the phytochemical composition and in-vitro antioxidant activities of various extracts such as Boswellia serrate (Bs), Zingiber officinale (Zs), Tribulus terrestris (Tt), Camellia sinensis (Cs), Withania somnifera (Ws), and Piper longum (Pl). Using soxhlet extraction, the plants were processed with various solvents, including n-hexane, dichloromethane, methanol, ethanol, and water. Phytochemical screening revealed a diverse range of compounds, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins, varying by extract. The antioxidant activities were assessed using superoxide, hydroxyl radical scavenging assays, and lipid peroxidation assays. The hydroalcoholic extract of C. sinensis exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, with significant superoxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging capabilities. T. terrestris and W. somnifera also demonstrated strong antioxidant properties, aligning with their traditional medicinal uses. Moderate activity was observed in P. longum, attributed to its bioactive compound, piperine. Meanwhile, B. serrata and Z. officinale showed lower antioxidant activities but are noted for their anti-inflammatory benefits. This research corroborates previous findings on the antioxidant potential of these plants, highlighting the importance of further investigations into their pharmacological applications. The study underscores the therapeutic potential of these extracts in oxidative stress-related conditions and supports their continued exploration in modern medicine.

Evaluation of Pharmacological properties of Chloroform extract of Ludwigia perennis root – A Wetland Plant

The wetland plant Ludwigia perennis is a member of the Ongraceae genus. Many components of this plant offer a range of traditional therapeutic benefits. The major goal of this study is to identify the pharmacological properties of the root extract of the plant. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH, the total phosphomolybdenum test, and the hydroxyl radical scavenging assay. Using the α-amylase and α-glucosidase tests, anti-diabetic efficacy was found to exist. To identify the existence of anti-nutritional substances, the total phytic acid content, oxalate content, saponin content, and alkaloid content were examined. To comprehend the anticancer activity, HeLa cell lines was used for MTT testing and AO/EB dual labelling. A rat model analysis of anti-inflammatory activity was conducted. The IC₅₀ value of the standard in the DPPH assay was 49.74µg/mL, and the root extract was 55.4µg/mL. In phosphomolybdenum assay, the IC₅₀ value of the standard was 33.73 µg/mL, and root extract was 34.13µg/mL. The IC₅₀ value of the reference compound in the hydroxyl radical scavenging assay was 55.6µg/mL, and that of the root extract was 69.06µg/mL. The IC50 of the standard in the α-amylase inhibitory assay is 394.48µg/mL, and the extract's IC50 is 327.82µg/mL, respectively. The IC50 of the standard in the α-glucosidase inhibitory assay was 394.06µg/mL, and the extract's IC50 was 361.58µg/mL, respectively. Anti-nutrients content such as alkaloids was 20%, oxalate 2.20%, phytate 3.25% and saponin 22% respectively. The IC50 of HeLa cells treated with root extract was 210µg/mL.Compared to the 59.44% inhibition generated by 10mg/kg of the standard medicine, indomethacin, the chloroform root extract of Ludwigia perennis provided 22.03% and 46.68% inhibition of paw edema at doses of 50mg/kg and 250mg/kg, respectively.These facts imply that the plant may be used to create novel medications.

Phytochemical Profile of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf Lemongrass Essential Oil from Northeastern Thailand and Its Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Attributes and Cytotoxic Effects on HT-29 Human Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cells.

Colorectal cancer is the third most prevalent cancer in Thailand, prompting the search for alternative or preventive treatments using natural constituents. In this study, the authors employed hydrodistillation to extract Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf (lemongrass) essential oil (LEO) from plants in northeastern Thailand and assessed its chemical profile, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. The LEO displayed potent antioxidant activities in DPPH and hydroxyl scavenging assays with IC50 values of 2.58 ± 0.08 and 4.05 ± 0.12 mg/mL, respectively, and demonstrated antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli, Cutibacterium acnes, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Staphylococcus aureus at 8-10 µg/mL. At 48 h, the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed the LEO exhibiting low cell viability (3%) at concentrations of 200-400 µg/mL, with an IC50 value of 82.46 ± 1.73 µg/mL, while in the clonogenic assay it exhibited a lower IC50 value of 23.11 ± 1.80 µg/mL. The GC-MS analysis identified citral (79.24%) consisting of 44.52% geranial and 34.72% neral, and β-myrcene (5.56%). The addition of LEO significantly influenced apoptotic genes (Bcl-2, Bax, p21, and Caspase-3) and proteins, as indicated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot studies. Results suggested that LEO initiated apoptosis through intrinsic pathways and demonstrated potential as a chemopreventive, antimicrobial, and antioxidant agent with substantial health advantages.

A novel class of potent antiangiogenic and antioxidant pyrazoles: synthesis, bioactivity, docking and ADMET studies.

Aim: Angiogenesis is the hallmark of cancer progression driven by VEGF/VEGFR-2 signalling pathway, inhibition of which could be a solution to tackle the progression of tumour cells and thus arresting their growth.Materials & methods: A novel class of pyrazoles was synthesized using arginine and dibromo ketones. Antiangiogenic activity was performed by in vivo yolk sac method. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by hydroxyl and superoxide radical scavenging assays. Docking studies were performed to determine the pyrazoles' binding potential with VEGFR-2 receptor and VEGF tyrosine kinase. ADMET properties were calculated using SwissADME and admetSAR for drug-likeness.Results: Compounds 5a-e showed significant antiangiogenic effects. Compound 5f exhibited effective hydroxyl and superoxide radical scavenging activities. Docking results confirmed the potential binding efficiency with VEGFR-2 receptor over VEGF tyrosine kinase, thus, functioning as competitive-inhibitors. ADMET studies revealed that the compounds possess favourable drug-like qualities.Conclusion: This study presents a novel class of pyrazoles as promising antioxidant and antiangiogenic agents with favourable drug-likeness properties.

Investigating the Therapeutic Property of Galium verum L. (GV) for MSG induced Audiogenic Epilepsy (AEs) and Neuroprotection through In-Silico and In-Vitro Analysis.

Audiogenic Epilepsy (AEs) is a subtype of epileptic seizure that is generally caused by high-intensity sounds. A large number of traditional medicines has been explored in this lieu where our study chased Galium verum L. (Rubiaceae), an herbal plant which is commonly known as Lady's Bedstraw, that contains a highly rich chemical composition including flavonoids (Hispidulin, Quercetin, and Kaempferol), and phenolic acids (chlorogenic acid, caftaric acid, and gallic acid). G verum is well known for its antioxidant, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties. Recently, the unique role of Adhesion G Protein- Coupled Receptor V1 (ADGRV1) protein in the progression of audiogenic epilepsy has been explored. This study aimed to examine the potent phytoconstituents of the hydroalcoholic extract of G. verum L. (HEGV) using analytical techniques. Additionally, our study sought to evaluate the antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory properties, and antiepileptic potency of HEGV by targeting ADGRV1 via in silico and in vitro analyses using SHSY5Y cells. HPLC and LC-MS techniques were employed to identify the flavonoids, iridoids, and phenolic acid derivatives present in HEGV. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), nitric oxide (NO), and hydroxyl (OH) radical scavenging assays were performed to confirm the antioxidant potential of the extract. Additionally, in silico molecular docking and molecular dynamic studies were performed using AutoDock Vina software to analyze the possible interactions between crucial phytoconstituents of HEGV and ADGRV1, followed by cell line analysis. In the in vitro analysis, antioxidant, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties were assessed via cell viability assay, IL, GABA, and glutamate estimation. LC-MS and HPLC analyses revealed high concentrations of hispidulin, a major flavonoid found in HEGV. HEGV exhibited moderate-to-high free radical-scavenging activities comparable to those of ascorbic acid. Docking analysis demonstrated that hispidulin has a stronger binding affinity with ADGRV1 (Vina score = -8.6 kcal/mol) than other compounds. Furthermore, cell line analysis revealed that the MSG exacerbates the neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation, whereas, HEGV and Hispidulin both possess neuroprotective, antioxidant, and antiepileptic activities. HEGV and Hispidulin proved to be promising candidates for treating audiogenic epilepsy by modulating ADGRV1.

Natural Polysaccharides Derived from Fruits and Mushrooms with Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects

: A large class of substances known as polysaccharides have a wide range of advantageous therapeutic and nutritional properties. Polysaccharides found in plants and plant components are extracted for the use in treating a number of diseases. Since ancient times, these polysaccharides have been utilized for human wellness. With no or minimal adverse effects, the polysaccharides that were extracted and refined from the fruits exhibit strong antioxidant, antiinflammatory, immunoregulatory, and hepatoprotective action. These fruit polysaccharides are isolated and purified using numerous chromatographic methods. In this review, the polysaccharide obtained from sources such as Rubus chingii, Mulberry, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Lilium davidii, Flammulina velutipes, Angelica sinesis, and Diospyros kaki have been discussed along with their biological activities including DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS free radical scavenging assay, Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and assay for oxygen free radical absorption capacity (ORAC) listed in various studies.

Proteomics Analysis of the Protective Effect of Polydeoxyribonucleotide Extracted from Sea Cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) Sperm in a Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced RAW264.7 Cell Injury Model.

Sea cucumber viscera contain various naturally occurring active substances, but they are often underutilized during sea cucumber processing. Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) is an adenosine A2A receptor agonist that activates the A2A receptor to produce various biological effects. Currently, most studies on the activity of PDRN have focused on its anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and tissue repair properties, yet relatively few studies have investigated its antioxidant activity. In this study, we reported for the first time that PDRN was extracted from the sperm of Apostichopus japonicus (AJS-PDRN), and we evaluated its antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays. An in vitro injury model was established using H2O2-induced oxidative damage in RAW264.7 cells, and we investigated the protective effect of AJS-PDRN on these cells. Additionally, we explored the potential mechanism by which AJS-PDRN protects RAW264.7 cells from damage using iTRAQ proteomics analysis. The results showed that AJS-PDRN possessed excellent antioxidant activity and could significantly scavenge DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radicals. In vitro antioxidant assays demonstrated that AJS-PDRN was cytoprotective and significantly enhanced the antioxidant capacity of RAW264.7 cells. The results of GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis indicate that the protective effects of AJS-PDRN pretreatment on RAW264.7 cells are primarily achieved through the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses, modulation of the extracellular matrix and signal transduction pathways, promotion of membrane repair, and enhancement of cellular antioxidant capacity. The results of a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis indicate that AJS-PDRN reduces cellular oxidative damage by upregulating the expression of intracellular selenoprotein family members. In summary, our findings reveal that AJS-PDRN mitigates H2O2-induced oxidative damage through multiple pathways, underscoring its significant potential in the prevention and treatment of diseases caused by oxidative stress.

Biosynthesis of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles Using Geum urbanum L. Rhizome Extracts and Their Biological Efficiency

AbstractThe present study evaluates the biosynthesis of AgNPs and AuNPs using aqueous and ethanolic Geum urbanum L. rhizome extracts. The biosynthesized metal nanoparticles (MNPs) were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, DLS, SEM, EDX, and TEM. The UV-Vis spectra confirmed the synthesis of AgNPs and AuNPs through peaks corresponding to the surface plasmon effect of metallic Ag (400–430 nm) and Au (530–570 nm). FTIR analysis indicated that alcohols, phenols, proteins, and carbohydrates from G. urbanum rhizome extracts composition are involved in MNPs synthesis. In DLS analysis, AgNPs (34.26–41.14 nm) showed smaller hydrodynamic diameters than AuNPs (46.26–70.29 nm). At the same time, all values for zeta potential were negative, between − 21 and − 13 mV, suggesting good stabilities for all the colloidal MNPs systems in dispersion. TEM analysis showed that the biosynthesized AgNPs had a spherical morphology, while AuNPs were quasi-spherical, polygonal, and triangular. According to TEM data, AgNPs synthesized using aqueous and ethanolic G. urbanum rhizome extracts were characterized by mean diameters of 9.82 ± 3.68 and 14.29 ± 3.46 nm, while AuNPs by 15.88 ± 6.28 and 24.89 ± 10.75 nm, respectively. EDX analysis confirmed the presence of metallic Ag and Au in the MNPs composition by detecting strong signals at 3 (AgNPs) and 2.2 keW (AuNPs). In disc diffusion assay, MNPs showed good antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive (S. aureus MSSA, S. aureus MRSA, S. epidermidis) and Gram-negative (E. coli, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae) bacteria and yeasts (C. albicans). AgNPs and AuNPs were also characterized by a significant antioxidant potential, evaluated through in vitro assays (lipoxygenase inhibition, DPPH radical scavenging activity, metal ion chelating activity, and hydroxyl radical scavenging assays). An overall better activity was obtained for the ethanolic G. urbanum rhizome extract and its derived AgNPs (EC50 = 34.2 ± 1.86 mg/mL in lipoxygenase inhibition assay). Therefore, the G. urbanum rhizome extracts proved to be excellent sources for biologically active AgNPs and AuNPs.

Characterization and Biomedical Applications of Green-Synthesized Selenium Nanoparticles Using Tridax procumbens Stem Extract.

Background Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are one of the metal nanoparticles that have been widely utilized for their anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory activities, and other biomedical applications. Tridax procumbens (TP) stem extract is a promising herb species rich in flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, phytosterols, and hydroxycinnamates, which play a major role in wound healing applications. Aim The study aims to synthesize SeNPs using TPstem extract, characterizations, and its biomedical applications. Materials and methods SeNPs were synthesized using TP stem extract. The green synthesis of SeNPs was confirmed by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectra analysis. The synthesized SeNPs were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The agar well diffusion method was utilized to evaluate the anti-bacterial properties of the green synthesized SeNPs using TP stem extract. The anti-oxidant effect of SeNPs was tested using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, ferric-reducing anti-oxidant power assay (FRAP), and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay (H₂O₂). The anti-inflammatory effect was investigated using the bovine serum albumin assay and egg albumin denaturation method, and the cytotoxic effect of the green synthesized SeNPs was tested using the brine shrimp lethality (BSL) assay. Results The green synthesis of SeNPs was confirmed using different types of analysis techniques. The characterizations were done by UV-visible spectroscopy analysis, exhibiting a maximum peak at the range of 330 nm. SEM analysis revealed the shape of the nanoparticle to be hexagonal. The agar well diffusion method exhibited the anti-bacterial efficacy of SeNPs against wound microorganisms with a zone of inhibition of 14.6 mm for Escherichia coli (E. coli), 15.8 mm for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and 15.4 mm for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). The TP stem-mediated SeNPs showed potential effects in anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activity, which shows very little toxicity. Conclusion Overall, the green synthesis of TP-stem-mediated SeNPs has great potential in biomedical applications. Thus, the synthesized SeNPs exhibit significant anti-bacterial efficacy against wound pathogens. The TP stem-mediated SeNPs showed potential effects in anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activity, which shows low toxicity. Furthermore, the green-synthesized SeNPs can be utilized in therapeutic management.

Hepatoprotective Activity and Molecular Docking Studies of Actinidia deliciosa Fruit Peel Extract Phytocompounds

In the case of liver illnesses, herbal treatment offers a non-invasive, all-natural alternative to conventional medicine. Methanolic extract of the peel of Actinidia deliciosa was screened for its hepatoprotective in rodent models with antioxidant activity in-vitro H2O2 radical with hydroxyl radical scavenging assay was also used to assess the extract’s antioxidant potential. The gold standard was ascorbic acid. Various phytochemical constituents were identified, such as flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, tannins, and alkaloids. In-vivo, hepatoprotective activity was performed by using paracetamol (3 g/kg)and ethanol (12 mL/kg) induced hepatotoxicity models. Total protein and albumin levels were raised, while SGPT, SGOT, cholesterol, and bilirubin were dramatically lowered. The extract effectively mopped up the harmful free radicals. However, a histological examination was also conducted in our investigation to determine the specifics of the damage caused by the hepatotoxic chemical and the plant’s potential to repair the hepatic structure. Several investigations have also shown that hepatoprotection is directly linked to antioxidant capacity. Molecular docking experiments investigated interactions with the active site of CYP450 2E1. By decreasing its expression, CYP2E1 prevents APAP bioactivation, decreasing NAPQI and protecting glutathione (GSH) levels. From the results, it is clear that to methanolic extract of A. deliciosa possesses hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities.

Biogenic synthesis of copper nanoparticle using Impatiens chinensis L: insights into antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activity

Impatiens chinensis plant is a various medicinal properties and use in the field of biomedicine in several decades. In present of the study, successfully green synthesized copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) using the leaf extract of I. chinensis. The synthesized CuNPs were thoroughly characterized using various techniques such as UV, FTIR, XRD, and SEM with EDAX, TEM, particle size and Zeta potential analysis. The UV–Vis analysis confirmed the successful synthesis of CuNPs, as indicated by absorbance peak at 313 nm. FTIR spectra revealed the different functional groups and molecular bonding interactions of the CuNPs, while XRD analysis unveiled the crystalline nature of the NPs. SEM imaging confirmed the spherical structure of the CuNPs and EDAX confirmed the Copper (Z), Oxygen (O) and CuL (Cl) elements. TEM imaging confirming the spherical shape and identifying the SAED pattern. Moreover, the particle size analysis the size of 63.1 nm identified and the zeta potential range of -27.1 mv confirmed their stability. To evaluate the antibacterial activity of different pathogenic bacteria using various zone of inhibitions. CuNPs antioxidant activity, as evidenced by DPPH (53.20%), ABTS (52.37%) and Hydroxyl scavenging assays (51.02%). The evaluate CuNPs for their potential anti-cancer properties in MCF-7 cell lines, showing (65.34%) inhibition. Overall, the findings of this study green-synthesized CuNPs as multifunctional agents with antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer properties. These nanoparticles hold potential for biomedical applications, providing sustainable solutions for a range of health related challenges.

Integrated exploration of molecular structure, quantum chemical properties, molecular docking, and antioxidant activity of 4-(2-hydroxyanilino)pent-3-en-2-one

Schiff bases are crucial intermediates in organic chemistry. They are used to introduce carbon–nitrogen double bonds in organic molecules. In this study, 4-(2-hydroxyanilino) pent-3-in-2-one (L) was synthesized from the reaction of 2,4-pentanedione and 2-aminophenol. The structure of L was confirmed through analytical and spectroscopic data. In addition, its thermal stability was examined using thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis. In the gas phase, investigations of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) revealed an energy gap (ΔE) of 3.9304 eV. The antioxidant capacity of L was assessed using various techniques, including hydroxyl radical scavenging, scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), β-carotene bleaching, and scavenging of 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS). The synthesized Schiff base displayed significant antioxidant activity, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 19.8 µg/mL in the DPPH assay, 0.14 µg/mL in the ABTS assay, and 59.6 μg/mL in the hydroxyl radical scavenging assay. The bioactivity of the 4-(2-hydroxyanilino) pent-3-in-2-one was confirmed by the DFT study, and the MEP analysis indicates the reactivity of nitrogen and oxygen atoms. Docking studies and wave function analyses were conducted to provide further insights into the compound’s potential applications in the pharmaceutical field.

Phyto-chemical Profiling, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Marine Brown Algae, Sargassum polycystum

Marine algae contain diverse bioactive compounds with pharmaceutical and nutraceutical importance. The present study was aimed at exploring one such alga, Sargassum polycystum, belonging to the phaeophyceae family. The seaweed was extracted with two different solvent systems and subjected to phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial and antioxidant studies. The extract showed wide variety of phytocomposition and was found to possess significant antimicrobial activity against bacterial and fungal pathogens. For antioxidant activities, DPPH assay, Hydroxyl radical scavenging assays, Phosphomolybdenum reduction and Fe3+ reducing power assays were carried out. The extract exhibited remarkable antioxidant activity in all the assays, especially in Fe3+ reducing power assay and hydroxyl radical scavenging, a maximum inhibition of 96.27 and 84.14% was observed, respectively. Also, the GC-MS analysis further confirmed the presence of isoflavone, a phenolic compound that signifies the role in antioxidant activity.

An Assessment of the In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Cobalt Nanoparticles Synthesized From Millettia pinnata, Butea monosperma, and Madhuca indica Extracts: A Comparative Study.

Objective This study aimed to synthesize cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) via the green synthesis method using Millettia pinnata(M. pinnata), leaf (MPL), Butea monosperma(B. monosperma)flower (BMF), and Madhuca indica(M. indica)flower (MIF) as eco-friendly reducing agents. It further aimed to compare the effectiveness of these plant extracts in CoNPs production and evaluate the antioxidant activities of the synthesized nanoparticles (NPs), establishing a link between the phytochemical constituents of the extracts and the antioxidant capacity of CoNPs for potential applications in drug development and environmental sustainability. Materials and methods CoNPs were synthesized using aqueous extracts of MPL, BMF, and MIF. These extracts act as stabilizing and self-reducing agents. Initially, the presence of CoNPs was detected visually by observing a color change. To confirm this observation, UV-visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were employed. UV-visible spectroscopy helps in analyzing the absorption of light by the CoNPs, while FTIR spectroscopy is used to identify the functional groups present in the NPs. Subsequently, the antioxidant activity of the synthesized CoNPs was assessed using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydroxyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging assay. This assay measures the ability of antioxidants to neutralize free radicals by determining the reduction in the DPPH radical's absorption. To ensure the reliability of the results, the experiments were conducted in triplicate. Statistical analysis was then performedto compare the antioxidant effectiveness of the different plant extracts used in synthesizing the CoNPs. This analysis helps in determining any significant differences in antioxidant activity among the extracts. Results UV-visible spectral analysis confirmed the successful synthesis of CoNPs, revealing characteristic absorption peaks. For M. pinnata leaf extract (MPLE), the maximum peak was observed at ~272 nm, while B. monosperma flower extract (BMFE) exhibited a peak at ~276 nm, and M. indica flower extract (MIFE) revealed a maximum peak at ~320 nm. FTIR analysis further validated the presence of organic molecules from plant components on the outer layer of CoNPs, indicating successful capping and stabilization by phytochemicals from the extracts. The spectra displayed various peaks at different wavenumbers: MPLE showed prominent peaks at 3335 cm-1, BMFE showed distinct peaks at 3314 cm-1, and MIFE exhibited significant peaks at 3261 cm-1. Among the three types of CoNPs tested, those synthesized using MIFEexhibited the highest inhibition of 87.67% at a concentration of 60 µL. This higher inhibition was compared to those synthesized using BMFEand MPLE. This study suggests that the CoNPs synthesized on MIFEcan serve as an antioxidant agent because of their remarkable free radical-scavenging activity. Conclusions The study highlights the potential of CoNPs synthesized using MIFE as they exhibited superior antioxidant activity compared to those synthesized with BMFE and MPLE. Therefore, the study underscoresthe promise of MIFE as a valuable natural resource for producing CoNPs abundant in antioxidants. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of implementing environmentallyfriendly synthesis techniques to produce nanomaterials that are both safe for the environment and biologically effective.

Comparative Antioxidant Efficacy of Green-Synthesised Selenium Nanoparticles From Pongamia pinnata, Citrus sinensis, and Acacia auriculiformis: An In Vitro Analysis.

Aim This study aims to synthesise selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) using extracts from Citrus sinensis peel (CSP), Millettia pinnata Leaf (MPL), and Acacia auriculiformis bark (AAB) as eco-friendly reducing agents. It seeks to compare the effectiveness of these plant extracts in the production of SeNPsand evaluate the antioxidant activities of the synthesised nanoparticles, establishing a link between the phytochemical constituents of the extracts and the antioxidant capacity of SeNPs for their potential applications in drug development and environmental sustainability. Introduction Nanotechnology offers innovative solutions in various fields, including medicine, environmental science, and materials engineering. SeNPs are of particular interest due to their unique properties and potential applications. The methods for synthesizing nanoparticles often involve hazardous chemicals, posing risks to the environment and human health. In response, green synthesis methods utilizing plant extracts have emerged as a sustainable alternative. This study focuses on utilizing CSP, MPL, and AAB extracts, rich in natural reducing agents such as flavonoids and phenolic acids, for the eco-friendly synthesis of SeNPs. These plant sources are chosen based on their known phytochemical profiles and potential antioxidant activities, and we aim to explore the correlation between the extracts' phytochemical composition and the antioxidant capabilities of the synthesised SeNPs. Methods SeNPs were synthesised using aqueous extracts of CSP, MPL, and AAB through a reduction process, in which selenium ions (Se4+) are reduced to elemental selenium. The presence of SeNPs was first visually monitored by colour change and then confirmed through UV-Vis spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses. The antioxidant activity of the synthesised SeNPs was assessed using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydroxyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and the efficacy of SeNPs synthesised from different plant extracts was compared. Results The UV-Vis spectral analysis indicated a successful synthesis of SeNPs, as evidenced by the characteristic absorption peaks. The FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of organic molecules derived from the plant components on the outer layer of SeNPs, suggesting successful capping and stabilization of nanoparticles by phytochemicals in the extracts. Among the three types of SeNPs, those synthesised using Citrus sinensis peel extract (CSPE) exhibited the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity, indicating superior antioxidant properties compared to SeNPs synthesised from Millettia pinnata leaf extract (MPLE) and Acacia auriculiformis bark extract (AABE). This suggests that the antioxidant capacity of SeNPs is significantly influenced by the phytochemical composition of the plant extract used for synthesis. Conclusion The study highlights the potential of CSPE as an effective natural source for synthesising antioxidant-rich SeNPs and underscores the importance of green synthesis approaches in producing environmentally friendly and biologically active nanomaterials.