Hydrothermal Method Research Articles

NiO/MWCNT incorporated methyl ammonium lead iodide for an efficient perovskite solar cells

The perovskite solar cells (PSCs) reveal the impressive performance due to the extraordinary characteristic features of perovskite material and its fabrication methods. The complex deposition process and hygroscopic nature of hole transport materials are biggest obstacles for attaining high power conversion efficiency (PCE) with long term stability in PSC. In this study, NiO/MWCNT nanocomposites have been synthesized by hydrothermal method and are incorporated in CH3NH3PbI3 to increase the performance of PSCs with stability. The incorporation has been carried out to improve the properties of CH3NH3PbI3 such as formation of large grain size/grain boundaries, reduce the defects that enhance the charge generation/collection and reduction in recombination. The fabricated PSCs with NiO/MWCNT revealed a PCE of 14.93 % with moderate hysteresis, which is significantly higher PCE than that of pristine PSC. The enhanced recombination resistance was observed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, which evinces the remarkable PCE of NiO/MWCNT incorporated PSC. The strong PL quenching and red shift of PL spectrum confirms the low recombination and larger grains in the NiO/MWCNT-CH3NH3PbI3 layer. Moreover, the NiO/MWCNT incorporated PSC retains 94 % of its initial PCE after 600 h of aging under atmospheric condition whereas the PCE of pristine PSC shows 87 % of its initial PCE value. The carbon back electrode also supports to lift up PCE and stability of PSCs.

Fabrication of visible light responsive BaFe12O19/Ag/AgI composites with enhanced photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants

A novel visible-light-driven (VLD) BaFe12O19/Ag/AgI photocatalysts were constructed through calcination and hydrothermal methods, in which BaFe12O19 of different mass ratios were introduced. The constructed Z-scheme heterojunction provided BaFe12O19/Ag/AgI composite catalytic with effective space carrier transport and higher redox ability. In particular, the as-prepared BaFe12O19/Ag/AgI degraded nearly 94% of 2- mercaptobenzothiazole within 30minutes of visible-light illumination, which was much superior to that of pure AgI (47%) and BaFe12O19 (3%). Moreover, BaFe12O19/Ag/AgI can be easily magnetically separated, so as to facilitate its efficient separation and recovery in practical application. Photocatalytic activity assays revealed that the as-synthesized BaFe12O19/Ag/AgI also exhibited good photodegradation capability towards Imidacloprid, Tetracycline and Carbamazepine. In particular, the complex had relatively high oxygen activation ability, and its photocatalytic H2O2 production performance was 1.29 times higher than that of the AgI monomer within 120minutes, thus realizing rapid water disinfection. Overall, the constructed efficient Z-scheme BaFe12O19/Ag/AgI photocatalysts provide a novel insight in sewage purification.

Plant-synthesis of co-doped tin dioxide nanocomposite with magnetic activity and its photocatalytic performance assessment on dyes and pesticides

The hydrothermal method was used to introduce different amounts of Praseodymium ion (Pr3+) (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 at.%) and Yttrium ion (Y3+) (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 at.%) into existing SnO2 nanoparticles. A novel nanocomposite was created by combining Fe3O4 and SnO2:Pr3+,Y3+ nanoparticles, resulting in a material with magnetic properties, i.e., Fe3O4/SnO2:Pr3+,Y3+, named FPYS. Subsequently, the hydrothermal synthesis approach was utilized to produce nanocomposites of FPYS in the presence of plant extract. The photodecomposition efficiency of as-synthesized nanocomposite was studied with some selected dyes and pesticides under 50W LED light. The present study focused on experimentally optimising the key parameters like the initial concentration, photocatalyst quantity, photocatalyst reuse, and pH level. By employing the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, we successfully calculated the rate at which RhB, MB, 2,4-DCP, and MB undergo photocatalytic degradation under optimal conditions (pH = 7, pollutant concentration = 8 ppm, volume of pollutants = 20 mL, and photocatalyst amount = 3 mg). The model showed that MB, RhB, 2,4-DCP, and TCAA have k values of 0.061, 0.062, 0.051, and 0.036 min−1, respectively. The breakdown rate for MB dye was 81% and for RhB dye was 78% with nanocomposite made in the presence of 2 mL of Parkia speciosa extract, which was subjected to LED radiation for 150 min at pH 7. The degradation rates of 2,4-DCP and TCAA differed, i.e., the former was degraded by 68% and the latter by 52%. Pr3+ and Y3+ ions co-doped with SnO2 enhanced the photocatalytic degradation of dyes and pesticides.

Harnessing multifunctional antimony doped Tin (IV) sulfide nanosheets for chlorpyrifos degradation and hydrogen evolution

Multifunctional photocatalysts are vital for advancing environmental sustainability and clean energy. The hydrothermal method helped in optimized antimony (Sb) doping in the Tin (IV) sulfide (SnS2) lattice, increasing surface area with nanosheet assortment, as confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy and BET (Brunauer, Emmett and Teller) analysis. Moreover, the Fermi level shift towards conduction band within the semiconductor, increasing free electron concentration which enhanced conductivity and altered electronic properties. Photocatalysts were evaluated for Chlorpyrifos pesticide degradation, with studies conducted on photocatalytic parameters such as catalyst dosage, pesticide concentration, and pH to ascertain optimal degradation conditions. The 6 wt% Sb-doped SnS2 (6Sb:SnS2) demonstrated highest degradation efficiency within 60 min and degradation obeyed a pseudo first-order kinetic model with a rate constant of 0.0349 min−1. The degradation pathway of Chlorpyrifos and its transformation products was elucidated through High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy. In addition, Sb doping empowers the surface traps and hydrophilicity of photocatalysts towards successful interaction between photogenerated electrons/holes with adsorbed oxidizable/reducible species. Moreover, 6Sb:SnS2 exhibited superior hydrogen evolution of 214.39 µmolg−1h−1, along with improved stability. Significantly, 6Sb:SnS2 attained Apparent Quantum Yield (AQY400 nm) of 39.49 % attributed to the doping induced band structure modification of SnS2 to match the hydrogen ion reduction potential

Photo-assisted Fenton degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride with magnetic Fe3S4/CuS composite

In recent years, semiconductor materials have gradually become popular through photodegradation of organic pollutants, and the semiconductor materials Fe3S4 and CuS have their own shortcomings. To make both materials useful, Fe3S4/CuS composites were prepared by hydrothermal method and degradation experiments were carried out using tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) as a simulated pollutant. The effects of factors such as the mass ratio of Fe3S4 to CuS, temperature, pH changes, the consume of H2O2, and the amount of catalyst added on the degradation of TCH were explored. At room temperature, the Fe3S4/CuS composites exhibit good Fenton degradation efficiency. The F1C1.5 composite (mass ratio of Fe3S4 to CuS is 1:1.5) achieved 74.60 % at pH 4.0 within one hour. Subsequently, the free radical capture experiments and metal leaching experiments were conducted, and it was found that the active substance h+ played a major role. At the same time, the F1C1.5 composite shows stability, allowing for a lower concentration of iron leaching and having high catalytic activity after 5 cycles. These degradation properties, together with the ease of fabrication of the catalyst, will facilitate the practical application of this system in the continuous removal of TCH.

Time-Dependent Hydrothermal Synthesis of La2O3 NPs for Effective Catalytic Activity of Ionic Dye.

Lanthanum oxide was successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method by varying the reaction time such as 6, 12, and 24 h. In XRD, study confirms the presence of a hexagonal structure, and the phase remains the same at different times; the main goal is to assess the average crystallite size of prepared La2O3 nanoparticles, which was found in the range of 6 to 8 nm. An interesting observation from the XRD data was the apparent increase in crystalline nature as the synthesis time was extended. The UV-Vis spectroscopic studies show a change in the band gap when the reaction time is changed. The morphology analysis shows that the image revealed that the particles formed were agglomerated and formed a spherical shape, with diameters ranging between 35 and 86 nm. When tested for photocatalytic activity, the La2O3 nanoparticles show a degradation of methylene blue dye when the time varies. Remarkably, the nanoparticles synthesized exhibited a profound ability to degrade the dye, with an efficiency rate hitting as high as 89% under halogen light illumination.

Vacancy defect and piezoelectric field assisted photocatalytic performance of BiO(Cl1/3Br1/3I1/3)x for the degradation of organic pollutants

Semiconductor photocatalysts have been widely researched in wastewater treatment of organic dyes, among which bismuth halide semiconductors have shown great application prospects due to their unique layered structure and diverse micromorphology. As for photocatalysis, high concentration of photo-generated carriers and their effective separation are considered to be the key to obtain excellent photocatalytic performance. In view of the common issues of high bandgap energy and low carrier separation rate in bismuth halide, in this paper, the BiO(Cl1/3Br1/3I1/3)x catalysts with different proportions of Bi3+ and (Cl1/3Br1/3I1/3)- were designed and synthesized by hydrothermal method, through constructing hybrid energy levels and thus accomplishing by multi-halogen doping to widen the light absorption range. For another, the efficient separation of electrons and holes was achieved in BiO(Cl1/3Br1/3I1/3)x in virtue of a built-in field stemmed from the intrinsic piezoelectric effect, and band tilting. Meanwhile, more active sites were induced by Vo•• and VBiʹʹʹ due to the directional impact of the built-in field. Ultimately, BiO(Cl1/3Br1/3I1/3)5/7 demonstrated the optimum catalytic performance under the combined light irradiation and ultrasonic vibration, with the degradation efficiency of MB reaching 91.28% in 60 min and the k of 0.0360 min-1, and 97.44% degradation efficiency of Rh B within 18 min and the k of 0.1565 min-1 together with excellent cycling stability. The prepared BiO(Cl1/3Br1/3I1/3)5/7 catalyst has a huge application potential for the degradation of wastewater, taking full advantage of environmental vibration energy and light energy.

Significantly energy‐efficient ethanol sensor based on bougainvillea‐like Au/ZnO hierarchical nanostructured materials

AbstractThe energy consumption of MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) sensors has always been a challenge in improving their performance. In this study, bougainvillea‐like Au/ZnO nanostructures were successfully synthesized using the hydrothermal method and the sol fixation technique. The composition, crystallinity, crystal structure, and morphology of the materials were characterized using X‐ray diffraction, energy‐dispersive spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The experimental results confirm the successful synthesis of a substantial quantity of bougainvillea‐like Au/ZnO nanostructures through nanoparticle self‐assembly. The sensitive performance of the bougainvillea‐like Au/ZnO sensor was evaluated using a CGS‐8 intelligent gas‐sensitive analysis system. Results demonstrate that modification of ZnO with Au in a bougainvillea‐like nanostructure significantly enhances sensitivity to ethanol vapor compared to those of unmodified material sensors. Specifically, the optimal work temperature was greatly reduced by 64%, whereas the sensitivity increased approximately 12 times and the response time decreased nearly 5 times. The significantly enhanced ethanol sensitivity can be attributed to the precious metal modification and unique three‐dimensional morphology. It provides the necessary experimental exploration for reducing energy consumption and improving the performance of MOS gas sensors.

Impact of TBAI Doping on the Optical and Dielectric Features of PVC/MoO3/NiMoO4/PANI Polymer Composite for Optoelectronic and Energy Storage Applications

Poly (vinyl chloride, PVC)/MoO3/NiMoO4/polyaniline (PANI)/x wt% tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI) polymers were formed using casting and hydrothermal methods. The present study examined the nanocomposites’ structural, electrical, and optical features comprising PVC/MoO3/NiMoO4/PANI/x wt%TBAI polymers. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the structure and morphology of different samples. The influence of different amounts of TBAI on the linear and nonlinear optical features of PVC/MoO3/NiMoO4/PANI/x wt%TBAI polymers was explored. Adding MoO3/NiMoO4/PANI.TBAI reduced the direct and indirect optical band gaps to their minimum values (3.88, 3.04) eV and (3.58, 2.13) eV, respectively. Doped polymer with MoO3/NiMoO4 has the highest refractive index value. Only PVC filled with MoO3/NiMoO4 exhibits the highest non-linear optical parameters within the visible range. The fluorescence intensity and emitted colors influenced by the kind of dopant. The dielectric constant and ac conductivity values of the host polymer were affected by the amount of TBAI. The maximum energy density value was observed in PVC/MoO3/NiMoO4/PANI/10 wt%TBAI polymer. The Cole-Cole plot demonstrated an irregular shift for doped samples relative to the undoped. The obtained results nominated the nanocomposite films of PVC/MoO3/NiMoO4/PANI/x wt%TBAI to be used in diverse electric and optoelectrical applications.

Synthesis and high electromagnetic wave absorption performance of carbon-enriched porous SiOC ceramics

The carbon-enriched porous SiOC ceramics with enhanced electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption properties were synthesized through the hydrothermal method followed by a polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs) process. As the annealing temperature rises from 1200 °C to 1500 ℃, SiC and SiO2 crystals are gradually separated from the porous amorphous SiOC matrix, and the degree of graphitization of free carbon increases. The porous SiOC ceramics annealed at 1400 °C exhibit the presence of SiC, SiO2, turbostratic graphite, and amorphous SiOC phases, which significantly impact the impedance matching and attenuation constant of the material. The minimum reflection loss (RLmin) value of the SiOC ceramics reaches −67.98dB with a matching thickness of 3.19mm and the effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) is 4.45GHz at 1.39mm. The carbon-enriched porous SiOC ceramics with strong absorption capacity and wide absorption bandwidth are primarily owing to appropriate impedance matching and multiple attenuation mechanisms, such as conduction loss, interfacial polarization, and defect-induced polarization, indicating that the SiOC ceramics exhibit significant potential as a high-performance EMW absorbing material.

A novel triethylamine gas sensor based on PrVO4 material by hydrothermal synthesis

Triethylamine (TEA) is a colorless, oily organic compound that can cause serious harm to humans and the environment. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a gas sensor that can rapidly detect TEA. Rare earth vanadate has attracted much attention in the field of sensors due to their strong catalytic effect, good crystallization and chemical stability. In this work, PrVO4 nanorods were synthesized by hydrothermal method. The crystal structure and morphology of PrVO4 were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM and SAED. The novel PrVO4 gas sensor exhibits excellent gas sensitivity to TEA at 230 °C, including low concentration detection capability, fast adsorption/desorption times (19 s/14 s), good repeatability and long-term stability. In addition, the gas-sensitive mechanism of PrVO4 is briefly discussed. Therefore, PrVO4 can be used as a novel gas-sensitizing material.

Preparation of ZnAlLa-LDHs by one-step hydrothermal method and its adsorption properties for phosphate

Abstract Phosphate is one of the main limiting factors of water eutrophication, and the effective removal of phosphate is essential to control the eutrophication of the aquatic environment and meet the increasingly stringent phosphate discharge regulations. This study successfully prepared ZnAlLa-LDHs materials using a simple hydrothermal method using triethanolamine as a soft template, which SEM, XRD, and FT-IR characterized. The results show that ZnAlLa-LDHs is a kind of two-dimensional porous structure material; the adsorption isotherm of ZnAlLa-LDHs on phosphate conforms to the Langmuir model, and the maximum adsorption capacity is 83.333 mg g−1; the adsorption kinetics conforms to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the adsorption rate is mainly controlled by chemical adsorption; the adsorption mechanism of ZnAlLa-LDHs on phosphate is mainly ion exchange and electrostatic adsorption. ZnAlLa-LDHs have an excellent effect on phosphorus in wastewater from sewage treatment plants.

A systematic study on the crystal facets-dependent TEA sensing properties of designed anatase {001 and 101} and rutile {110} facets TiO2

Triethylamine (TEA), a toxic and explosive volatile organic compound (VOC) gas, is hazardous to human health and the environment. Therefore, it is crucial to develop crystal-faceted TEA gas sensors with improved sensitivity and rapid detection capabilities. In this study, TiO2 nanocrystal sensors with different crystal facets of anatase {101} and {001} and rutile {110} were synthesized using the hydrothermal method. The nanomaterials underwent characterization through XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, and BET analysis. The results revealed that the materials exhibited bipyramid anatase {101} facet, nanorod anatase {001} facet, and rutile {110} facet. The sensors demonstrated superior gas sensing performance in the following order: {101} > {110} > {001} facets to 100 ppm TEA gas at 240 °C. The sensors also exhibited short response and recovery times, low detection limits, excellent stability, repeatability, and selectivity. The enhanced sensing properties of {101} faceted TiO2 can be ascribed to the bipyramid structure and crystal facets with higher adsorbed oxygen peak specific area, which provide numerous active sites and improved extra oxygen-active site species. This study offers valuable insight into the design mechanism to enhance the TEA response of {101} faceted TiO2 and further contributes to our understanding of the sensitivity of crystal faceted sensors.

Hydrothermal synthesis of Gd-doped CaO nanoparticles from lemon peel extract for efficient photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under UV and sunlight

Water pollution, exacerbated by the improper disposal of non-biodegradable dyes from textile and paper industries, poses a significant global threat. Addressing this challenge, the present study focuses on the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB), a harmful azo dye, using novel Gd-doped CaO NPs synthesized with waste lemon peel extract (LPE) as a green stabilizing agent. The CaO NPs, calcined at 700 °C and subsequently doped with gadolinium (Gd) at concentrations of 2, 4, and 6 mmol via hydrothermal method, were characterized using various techniques. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed presence of Ca-O and Gd-O with the bond lengths of 1.7 Å and 1.2 Å, respectively. UV–Visible spectra revealed a bandgap in the range of 3.28 to 2.50 eV. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed crystallinity with the crystallite size estimated using the Scherrer and William sons-Hall (W-H) methods ranging from 18 to 38 nm and XRD deduced specific surface area between 47 and 98 m2/g. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) showed particle size distribution from 38 to 130 nm, and zeta potential values ranging from −13.5 to −19.9 mV. The photocatalytic activity against MB was tested under UV light and natural sunlight at dye concentrations of 10, 15, and 20 ppm. The 4 mmol Gd-doped CaO NPs achieved a remarkable 98 % degradation efficiency within 2 h of sunlight exposure at a 10 ppm dye concentration. The degradation followed a pseudo-first-order reaction, and a possible degradation pathway was proposed for methylene blue. This study concludes that Gd-doped CaO NPs are highly effective, sustainable, and cost-efficient photocatalysts for wastewater treatment.

Unveiling the facet-dependent electrocatalytic activity of a 3D-CoSn(OH)6 perovskite material for overall water splitting: Interfacial engineering with Mn3+ and CH3COO- ions

In this study, we report morphologically dependent electrocatalytic oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions in an alkaline medium. The bifunctional electrocatalyst such as cobalt tin hydroxide (CoSn(OH)6) was prepared by hydrothermal method. Importantly, tuning the morphological variation of CoSn(OH)6 into cubes, octa- and dodecahedra and their corresponding growth mechanisms are analyzed and explored the electrochemical studies. Among the different morphologies, the CoSn(OH)6 dodecahedron (CTH-DH) displays a substantially enhanced overall electrocatalytic water splitting reaction. It is firmly due to the [Mn3+] and [CH3COO-] ions do enable the morphological progression of the CTH cubic crystals with more facets. The highly active catalytic sites on the facets of CTH-DH permit the adsorption of abundant OH groups during the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions. Moreover, in a two-electrode system, the CTH-DH ǁ CTH-DH electrolyzer exhibits a cell potential of 1.60 V at 10 mA cm–2 with a remarkable reliable long-term stability. In addition, the structural transformations of the as-prepared CoSn(OH)6 crystals are monitored before and after electrocatalysis using TEM study. As a result, the study highlights the potential of Mn-containing CTH-DH facets as viable electrocatalysts in efficient H2 production.

Facile Design of Bi2S3‐Doped CeO2/Dihydroxybenzoate Composite as Highly Efficient UV‐Shielding Agents

AbstractIn this study, bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3)‐doped cerium oxide (CeO2) was prepared via hydrothermal method, and by depositing ethyl 3,4‐dihydroxybenzoate (EDHB) on the surface of Bi2S3/CeO2 (Bi2S3/CeO2/EDHB and BCE). The samples were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TEM, and UV–vis absorption spectrum means. According to the characterizations, Bi2S3 was successfully incorporated into the CeO2 structure (Bi2S3/CeO2), and the prepared BCE/PVC composite films display excellent UV‐shielding property. Moreover, the result of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) tests indicated that BCE also was barely catalytic thermal decomposition of PVC matrix. This work not only paves an attractive way for the design of the CeO2‐based UV‐shielding agent, but also provides valuable insights into the inspiration to construct high‐performance UV‐shielding composites.

Microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of highly dispersed cerium–zirconium solid solution on Ti3C2Tx nanosheets as an efficient decontamination towards sulfur mustard simulants

The microwave-assisted hydrothermal method has facilitated the straightforward and efficient production of nanoscale CexZr1-xO2/Ti3C2Tx composites. This technique has greatly shortened the synthesis time several hours required by conventional hydrothermal method to merely 10minutes. Due to the unique mechanism of microwave-hydrothermal synthesis, composites with excellent crystallinity, uniform particle size, and superior degradation capabilities can be obtained without calcination. Our investigation systematically explores the influence of various factors including mineralizer concentration, dispersant types, synthesis duration, cerium-to-zirconium ratio, as well as MXene content on the material properties. Optimal degradation of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, sulfur mustard simulants, is achieved using PEG1000 as the dispersant, a cerium-to-zirconium ratio of 1:2, along with 15mL of MXene, resulting in a remarkably short half-life of only 6.5min. Furthermore, it is confirmed that the incorporation of cerium atoms into ZrO2 lattice, forming a solid solution that is deposited onto the interlayer and surface of Ti3C2Tx nanosheets, with the composite particles measuring approximately 5.01nm. The reduced size and increased specific surface area, coupled with the synergistic effects of oxygen vacancies and acid-base sites, ultimately contribute to the hydrolysis and elimination reactions occurring on 2-CEES. This research offers fresh perspectives on the development of novel materials for the degradation of chemical warfare agents.

Recycling spent battery components into highly efficient hydrogen and oxygen evolution electro-nano-catalysts

Inspired by the 'waste-to-resource' strategic theme for environmental recovery, here we present the recycling of spent dry cells and spent Lithium-ion batteries aiming to achieve the preparation of cheap and efficient electrocatalysts for Proton Exchange membrane electrolyzers instead of the precious-based electrocatalysts. Graphite doped with manganese (IV) oxide nanoparticles, graphite doped with manganese (IV) oxide and aluminum oxide nanoparticles, lithium cobalt oxide doped with copper oxide nanoparticles, and lithium cobalt oxide doped with copper oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesis procedures are done via hydrothermal method at a pressure of 4.5 Mpa at 180 ○C. Electrochemical characterization is done to determine overpotential, tafel slope, and electrocatalytic stability via a three-electrode system. The optimum results are observed by the graphite doped with manganese (IV) oxide nanoparticles, which show -55.06 mV and -41.33 mV/dec as overpotential and tafel slope at -10 mA/cm2 for hydrogen evolution reaction with surface area of 40.87 m2/g and 21.05 nm as crystal size and Graphite doped with manganese oxide and aluminum oxide nanoparticles, which show 321.58 mV and 174.14 mV/dec as overpotential and Tafel slope for oxygen evolution reaction at 10 mA/cm2 with surface area of 7.64 m2/g and 44.43 nm as crystal size.

Designing of a High Performance NiMgPO4/CNT Electrode Material for a Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid Device

Improved pseudo-capacitance performance can be obtained by phosphates and transition-metal oxides by achieving oxidation states that boost redox (reduction-oxidation) processes. In this work, the nickel magnesium phosphate (NiMgPO4) is synthesized using the hydrothermal method, Additional, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are blended with NiMgPO4. To build the supercapattery device (NiMgPO4@CNT//AC) and evaluate its electrochemical characteristics, we used NiMgPO4@CNT as the anode & activated carbon as cathode. We also used X-ray diffraction, scanning electron micrscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques to analyze the crystal structure, surface area, and elemental composition. The nanocomposite NiMgPO4@CNT demonstrated a high specific capacity of 1243 C g−1 or 2071.66 F g−1 in a three-electrode system, which was much more than that of the separate reference materials. The supercapattery device shows a specific capacity of 251 C g−1, energy density of 44.5 Wh kg−1 and power density of 1030 W kg−1 is observed. The hybrid electrode exhibited a capacity retention of 85% after 5000 cycles and a columbic efficiency of 91% during the stability measurement. These findings emphasize NiMgPO4@CNT’s potential as an electrode composite material that holds promise for high-performance supercapattery device building.

A new methacrylate-chitosan based blend and its ZnO containing nanocomposites: Investigation of thermal and biological properties.

Biobased materials are an important step towards a sustainable future. The need for these materials, which stand out in terms of their environmental and economic benefits, is increasing daily. This study includes the production of new bio based nanocomposites containing a blend of biopolymer chitosan (CS) and synthetic polymethacrylate derivative poly(2-oxo-2-(3,4,5-trifluoroanilino)ethyl-2-methylprop-2-enoate)(POTFAMA) and biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) by hydrothermal method. POTFAMA, POTFAMA-CS blend, and POTFAMA-CS/ZnO nanocomposites were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM, EDX, and TEM techniques. The thermal properties of the materials were determined by TGA and DSC. While POTFAMA reduced the thermal stability of CS, ZnO NPs incorporated into POTFAMA-CS blend increased the thermal stability. POTFAMA-CS blend had a single glass transition temperature (Tg) value at 116°C. The Tg of CS, which was 93°C, increased by 23°C after blending with POTFAMA, and by 34°C with the incorporation of 7% ZnO NPs. The biological properties of the prepared materials have been meticulously investigated. The inhibition zone of CS against C. albicans was 10.66±1.19mm, while that of the POTFAMA-CS blend was 13.70±1.54mm. After standard BHT at a concentration of 120μg/mL, the highest DPPH inhibition percentages belonged to POTFAMA (60.56%) and POTFAMA-CS (52.99%). It was detected that the wound closure rates of POTFAMA (17.51±0.75%) and POTFAMA-CS (15.51±2.52%) were better than the characteristics of CS wound closure (13.61±2.01%). The results suggest that POTFAMA-CS may be a good alternative as a wound-healing agent. Furthermore, nanocomposites containing 5% and 7% ZnO NPs can be an alternative material in healthcare due to their higher antimicrobial activity.