Hydroponic Installation Research Articles

Implementasi Sistem Hidroponik Ramah Lingkungan Menggunakan Galon dan Botol Bekas untuk Peningkatan Produksi Tanaman Sayur di Desa Balongwono

In 2023, Indonesia generated 32.035 million tons of waste per year, with 49.6% coming from household waste (SIPSN, 2023). Balongwono Village in Mojokerto Regency, East Java, also faces waste problems and is an agricultural area with the majority of the population working as farmers. Vegetable production in this village is often suboptimal due to limited land and conventional farming methods. To overcome this problem, a socialization on the benefits and basic techniques of hydroponics was conducted, training on making hydroponic installations from used items, and mentoring to ensure the success of the system. The hydroponic system that utilizes used gallons and bottles as growing media aims to increase vegetable production in Balongwono Village. The results show that plants such as kale and pakcoy grow faster and fresher than conventional methods. In addition to increasing yields, this system also reduces plastic waste and lowers production costs. The implementation of this hydroponic method provides double benefits: increasing vegetable production and reducing waste. This method can be a reference for other villages with similar problems, contributing to environmental sustainability at large.

Cost and Benefit Analysis for Hydroponic System to Increase Women's Empowerment and Food Sustainability

This research aims to analyze the costs and benefits, the break even point (BEP), and the payback period (PP) for installing a hydroponic system in Jongbiru village. From the results of this benefit-cost analysis it appears that the hydroponic organic vegetable business is a very potential small business both economically and socially. The economic potential of small hydroponic organic vegetable businesses can generate substantial profits in the short term. The social potential of small hydroponic vegetable businesses is to empower housewives who previously had no income, and have the ability to support the family needs and economy. In the future, we hope that each family can build a simple hydroponic vegetable installation. The results were as follows, 1) the benefits were much more than its costs, 2) BEP can be reached in Rp. 2,700,000 sales, and 3) the payback period is more than a year. The hydroponic installation can also be planted with a wide variety of vegetables and fruits to meet the nutritional needs of the family, and also fulfill market demands. The more varied the plants used in the hydroponic installation, the wider the benefit-cost analysis. In this way, more harvests are likely each year, with faster BEP and higher selling points. Keywords: cost-benefit analysis, break even point (BEP), payback period (PP), hydroponic vegetable

АДАПТАЦИИ РЕГЕНЕРАНТОВ HUMULUS LUPULUS L. К УСЛОВИЯМ EX VITRO

The purpose of the study is to develop a scheme for two-stage adaptation of regenerated plants of common hop (Humulus lupulus L.) to ex vitro conditions using a hydroponic installation. Objectives: to study the influence of the method of fixing hop regenerants in a hydroponic system; to determine the duration of the adaptation stage in hydroponics; to select the substrate composition at the second stage of adaptation. The object was a sterile culture of common hop of three varieties: Tsivilsky, Flagman and Taurus, after completion of the in vitro rooting stage on a nutrient medium according to the Murashige-Skoog recipe (MS) containing glucose (20 g/l) and IBA (0.5 mg/l). The duration of the adaptation stage of hops rooted in vitro in a tidal-type hydroponic system was determined, identified by the stable maintenance of turgor by leaves and active growth of shoots – 18–21 days. The influence of the method of fixing hop regenerants in a hydroponic system was studied: the use of seedling cassettes with a substrate of perlite and vermiculite (1 : 1) showed a 25 % higher survival rate of plants compared to substrate-free cuvettes with liners made of polyethylene film. It was shown that under hydroponic installation conditions, regardless of the fixation method, the height of the shoots increased by 36.0–48.3 %. The root system of the samples adapted in cassettes with substrate was better developed and was characterized by a large number of 2nd order roots with a length of at least 4 cm. The subsequent stage of adaptation in most peat-containing substrates ensures 100 % survival and the production of high-quality planting material. Recommendations for growing hop planting material after two-stage adaptation are presented.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP OF HEALTHY VEGETABLE BY HYDROPONIC METHOD TO EMPOWER KARANG TARUNA COMMUNITY

Background: Banyuwangi Regency is a popular tourist location in East Java Province. However, after the beginning of the Covid-19 epidemic in early 2020, visitor visitation have significantly declined. This causes a decline in people's economic activity. One of the affected communities was Kemiri in the Singojuruh sub-district, where many young people lost their jobs. Objective: To empower the Karang Taruna youth community in Kemiri village to be entrepreneurs by planting a variety of vegetables such as pakcoi, lettuce, red spinach, and others using the NFT (nutrient film technique) hydroponic system method on unproductive land. Method: This community service activity is divided into five activities, namely training on vegetable plant cultivation using NFT hydroponic system techniques, making green house, making hydroponic installation, planting and maintaining of packcoi and red spinach, harvesting and packaging. Results: After training in basic hydroponic techniques, how to seed seeds and making AB mix nutrients, Karang Taruna youth can practice growing pakcoi and red spinach hydroponically in the green house. At the age of four weeks, after the seedlings are transferred into the hydroponic system, pakcoi vegetables and red spinach can be harvested and ready for sale. Success indicators are measured using a pre-test and post-test to determine mitra's knowledge regarding hydroponic cultivation techniques. Conclusion: Mitra understanding and practicing hydroponic vegetable cultivation techniques. In addition, the youth of Karang Taruna Desa Kemiri, Kab. Banyuwangi, can supplement their income by selling produced veggies.

Substantiation of the Theory of Forces Calculating in a Steel Winch Cable for Lifting Seed Material to the Upper Tiers of Hydroponic Installations

Hydroponic green fodder (HGF) is a product containing a full range of required nutrients and vitamins. To implement this technology, it is necessary to develop not only basic hydroponic installations, but also additional devices that reduce the labor intensity of production of HGF. The purpose of the research is the theoretical substantiation of the dynamics of the system “winch – steel cable of variable length – end load. The conclusion and solution of a system of second-order differential equations with variable dynamics coefficients of elements of a lifting installation (winch) are given. In addition, dependencies have been compiled to determine the elongation and force in the lifting cable.

ГИДРОПОННАЯ УСТАНОВКА С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ СВЕТИЛЬНИКОВ РАЗЛИЧНОГО СПЕКТРА ИЗЛУЧЕНИЯ

Hydroponics allows you to regulate the growing conditions of plants – to create a nutrition regime for the root system that fully meets the needs of plants for nutrients, humidity, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the air most favorable for photosynthesis, as well as to regulate the temperature and humidity of the air and the root habitat, the intensity and duration of lighting. As a result of the research, lamps of various radiation spectra were installed in a hydroponic installation. The purpose of this article is to analyze the effect of different radiation spectra on the cultivation of various plant crops. As a result of the experiment, the lamps of the white and red-blue radiation spectrum, which were used for growing clover, were analyzed in the periodic switching mode. Hydroponics is an effective method of producing microgreens. It allows you to grow plants without using soil, use resources efficiently and improve product quality. In the future, the use of hydroponics for growing microgreens can become an important element of sustainable agriculture that can provide people with nutritious and delicious products. It allows you to grow more plants per unit area, as the roots of the plants are immersed in a nutrient solution that provides optimal nutrition. This makes it possible to obtain a higher yield of microgreens. The automatic system provides optimal conditions for plant growth, which leads to higher-quality and tasty microgreens. In addition, in hydroponics, it is possible to control the level of nutrients and influence their concentration, which allows you to obtain microgreens with certain properties.

Control System Design for Water Pump Activation in PLC-based Smart Hydroponic Design

Food security is one of the issues that is one of the concerns to the country government, and one of the independent efforts made by community on their awareness to meet and achieve food needs on a domestic scale in their respective households is through hydroponic for cultivation of vegetables. Hydroponics works by using water as growing medium instead of soil, however, the use of water as a planting medium requires special treatment thus the plants is able to grow optimally. To ensure that the air content in the water used as a hydroponic growing medium is properly available, a water regulation process is needed. The process of water regulation in the hydroponic system uses regulation of the activation of the water pump motor so that water can be regulated and electrical energy efficiency can still be achieved. This study aims to design and test a PLC-based automation system for the purposes of setting the activation of a water pump in a hydroponic system based on the sunlight conditions in the hydroponic installation being built. By using a light sensor (LDR) to measure the intensity of sunlight in the hydroponic system being built, the activation of the pump motor can be controlled through the use of a PLC device that processes the information obtained from the sensor used. The results of the tests carried out provide information that the designed system has proven effective for use in hydroponic systems with pump water regulation time from 08:00 AM to 04:00 PM.

Exploring educational traditions and experiences of block residents engaging in urban food self-production: a case study of Urban Living Lab

Food self-production offers a promising solution to many urbanization problems in cities. However, despite the advanced technology, the acceptance and involvement of local residents (its users) are required for implementation. The study presented here aims to gain a deeper understanding of the educational characteristics of future or current users of urban gardens, especially those oriented towards their own food production. The research will explore urban dwellers' traditional understanding and knowledge of the food growing process acquired over the course of their lives. We conducted in-depth interviews with residents of a selected block of flats in Łódź, who expressed their willingness to participate in an Urban Living Lab. As part of it, they would grow food for a year using hydroponic installation located in the corridors of their block. As a result of our analyses, we have identified the dominant traditions and social culture associated with growing food among the future participants of the Urban Living Lab, focusing primarily on the educational aspects. This is because we assume that effective educational interventions are an essential tool in the process of shaping the pro-environmental behaviour of city dwellers. The results obtained will be relevant for those involved in the urban education process, including city authorities, urban educators, pro-environmental associations, and grassroots activists.

Basil and Lettuce Microgreens Production in Low-Cost Hydroponic Installations, under Operational and Semi-Controlled Conditions

Microgreens produced hydroponically at home, represent a solution of the future due to the advantages it has. The purpose of this research is to analyze certain elements relevant for the microgreens crop (basil and lettuce), simultaneously, in identical low-cost hydroponic platforms, in operational (common spaces) and semi-controlled conditions (plant growing tent). The obtained results were analyzed, both from the point of view of the growing conditions and the influence of light regimes, as well as the development of seedlings, production (fresh weight and dry weight) and quality (total phenolic) of the microgreens. In operational environmental conditions there is a higher variation of the environmental parameters, compared to the semi-controlled environment, but the oscillation of natural light seems to have a better influence on the development of microgreens. Internode length in operational environmental conditions varies for basil between 25.2-35.2 mm, for lettuce between 31.9-32.8 mm, and in semi-controlled environmental conditions, it varies for basil between 25.2-32.1 mm and for lettuce between 30.2-31.9 mm. In semi-controlled conditions, the average fresh weight production achieved by the two species (and four varieties) is 734.73 g m-2 for basil, 809.56 g m-2 for lettuce, and represents 823.74 g m-2 for basil, 777.61 g m-2 for lettuce in operational environmental conditions. The variability of the data recorded for total phenols is very high. Lettuce contains 98-107.33 mg kg-1, and basil 107.67-186.33 mg kg-1 total phenols. Feedback from these tests will be used for final validation of the low-cost hydroponic platform components.

Design and Build Hydroponic Installations and Applications Using IoT-Based Multisensors with Solar Panel Electrical Energy

This research designs an IoT-based hydroponic installation using a NodeMCU 8266 microcontroller equipped with multi-sensors such as temperature, humidity, air pressure, flow, pH, TDS (Total Dissolved Solid), and EC (Electrical Conductivity) sensors that will be wirelessly connected to controlling devices using Arduino IDE, Firebase, and MIT APP Converter software and using renewable energy in the form of Solar Panels. The expected result is the creation of innovation in the field of agricultural technology, especially in plant cultivation techniques with hydroponics. With this tool, the user can fully monitor all information about the state of the plant-growing environment. From the tests that will be carried out later, researchers hope to produce test data on every sensor reading, pump motor activation, and data delivery response from application from tool and otherwise.

Pemberdayaan Lingkungan Masyarakat Melalui Sosialisasi Hidroponik System Wick (Sumbu) Di Desa Gading Permai Kec. Kampar Kiri Hilir, Kab. Kampar, Riau

The socialization of hydroponics to the village community is an effort to develop the independence and welfare of the community by improving knowledge, attitudes, skills, Hydroponics is a cultivati Wick hydroponics is a simple hydroponic method that uses a wick as a link between nutrients and the roots of the growing media. This activity was carried out in Gading Permai Village, Kampar Kiri Hilir District, Kampar, Riau. This activity began with a theoretical and practical explanation with pakcoy mustard plants as an example, the practice carried out starting from seed sowing, wick system hydroponic installation, transplanting and continued with a discussion session. The results of this activity are that the Gading Permai village community knows hydroponics in general, wick system hydroponics, hydroponic plant maintenance, handing over hydroponics to the Gading Permai village community so that they can continue to care for and continue hydroponic cultivation. This activity adds to the knowledge and insight of the Gading Permai village community about hydroponics and can spread and teach the knowledge that has been given to fellow communities.

Exhibiting of tomato breeding characteristics on different types of low-volume technology

The comparative test of experimental F1 tomato hybrids was conducted under conditions of two different types of low-volume technology (MPVI "Fitopiramida", technology of growing in mats with drip irrigation) in 2021. The conducted researches have shown that duration of interphase periods, level of yield and fruit quality depend on cultivation technology. According to the data obtained, in conditions of MPVI "Fitopiramida" all studied F1 tomato hybrids enter fruiting faster and provide higher yield compared to the technology of growing in mats, but are inferior in average fruit weight, soluble dry matter content and taste qualities. As perspective F1 tomato hybrids for "Fitopiramida" technology hybrids Ga62(2) and Ga21, submitted for registration to Gossortcommission, were identified. On low-volume technology in mats hybrid Ga27a showed the best result. A strong correlation was found between estimates of the signs "average fruit weight" (r = 0,93) and "soluble dry matter content" (r = 0,81). It is possible to conduct preliminary selections in conditions of low-volume technology in mats according to these signs. For the most reliable assessment and accurate selection of the most perspective tomato hybrids for "Fitopiramida" technology their testing on hydroponic installations is required.

Determining the Nutrient Content of Hydroponically-Cultivated Microgreens with Immersible Silicon Photonic Sensors: A Preliminary Feasibility Study.

Microgreens have gained attention for their exceptional culinary characteristics and high nutritional value. The present study focused on a novel approach for investigating the easy extraction of plant samples and the utilization of immersible silicon photonic sensors to determine, on the spot, the nutrient content of microgreens and their optimum time of harvest. For the first time, it was examined how these novel sensors can capture time-shifting spectra caused by the molecules' dynamic adhesion onto the sensor surface. The experiment involved four types of microgreens (three types of basil and broccoli) grown in a do-it-yourself hydroponic installation. The sensors successfully distinguished between different plant types, showcasing their discriminative capabilities. To determine the optimum harvest time, this study compared the sensor data with results obtained through standard analytical methods. Specifically, the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of two basil varieties were juxtaposed with the sensor data, and this study concluded that the ideal harvest time for basil microgreens was 14 days after planting. This finding highlights the potential of the immersible silicon photonic sensors for potentially replacing time-consuming analytical techniques. By concentrating on obtaining plant extracts, capturing time-shifting spectra, and assessing sensor reusability, this research paves the way for future advancements in urban farming.

Study of dissolved oxygen quality response in smart watering and autopot systems due to the effect of changes in environmental temperature

Hydroponics is an agricultural farming system that does not use soil media but uses water media containing nutrient solutions. The purpose of this research is to measure and observe dissolved oxygen levels in the Smart Watering Unpad and Autopot Systems that have never been done before. The research was conducted using descriptive analysis method that is measuring, observing, calculating, and analysing quantitative data on hydroponic installations Smart Watering Unpad and Autopot. The fertigation used in this study were Smart Watering Unpad and Autopot with the parameters observed were ambient temperature, dissolved oxygen, and the relationship between ambient temperature and Dissolved Oxygen for 30 days of observation. The results showed that the response of dissolved oxygen levels was influenced by environmental temperature in the SWU 01 Lettuce, SWU 02, SWU 03, and SWU 01 Paprika systems had a NEGATIVE relationship direction. The Autopot system is the only installation that has a POSITIVE change in the relationship of dissolved oxygen levels influenced by ambient temperature. Autopot is a hydroponic installation that can maintain the availability of dissolved oxygen levels in the nutrient solution. The Smart Watering Unpad 02 installation can maintain the availability of dissolved oxygen levels in the nutrient solution compared to other installations in the Smart Watering Unpad system type.

Implementation of Solar Panels as a Support af Hydroponic Agriculture at Dewaponik Yogyakarta

Hydroponics is cultivated land in agriculture without using soil media, but agricultural activities by operating using water as a soil replacement medium. Dewaponik is one of the businesses engaged in agriculture using a hydroponic cultivation system located in the Yogyakarta area. The main focus of hydroponic cultivation at Dewaponik Yogyakarta is vegetable plants that can be cultivated using a hydroponic system, such as curly lettuce, pakcoy, kale, red lettuce, and romaine lettuce. The cultivation system at the Dewaponik Yogyakarta Company uses an NFT system, namely the Nutrient Film Technique, with a water pump that is used to drain water in a hydroponic installation. If you forget to turn on the pump or there is a power outage/ blackout by PLN, plants that need nutrients and oxygen will die and not grow; solutions for hydroponic plants using the NFT method must be creative without worrying about these problems. One alternative that can be developed is the implementation of solar panels for hydroponic water pumps. Solar panels with solar panels can get electrical energy from the most abundant energy source on earth, namely the sun. The implementation of solar panels for hydroponic agriculture at Dewaponik Yogyakarta is analyzed using a business plan analysis. The increase in income through the implementation of solar panels as a support for hydroponic agriculture in Dewaponik can be applied by Dewaponik with increased production and a wider market so as to provide greater income to Dewaponik companies.

The influence of the spectral composition of light on the morphophysiological characteristics of red-leaved basil in hydroponic culture

In this work, morphophysiological reactions to the use of LED-based lamps as a radiation source when grown in an artificial climate on a hydroponic installation are studied using the example of basil plants. Basil plants were grown to technological ripeness. In the experimental samples, the indicators of the accumulation of raw and dry biomass, the area of the leaf surface, etc. were determined. It was found that basil plants can be grown to the stage of technological ripeness in an artificial climate based on light-emitting diodes.

On the issue of dynamics of two-tier mechanical hydroponic installations with rigid load-bearing elements

Hydroponic green forage (HGF) is a high-quality ecological product containing a full range of required nutrients and vitamins. A two-tier hydroponic installation with rigid load-bearing elements has been developed at Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin. The purpose of the research is to determine the strength and mass complex ratios that ensure stable dynamics of movement of all elements of the system during the operation of a two-tier hydroponic installation. The derivation and solution of differential equations of the dynamics of the elements of the installation is given. As a result of experimental studies, it is proved that the maximum deviation of the center of mass of the system, tray-crop-guides does not exceed 15 cm. Based on theoretical studies, the ratio of the parameters of the system under consideration was determined, in which there is no beating phenomenon. The lengths of the load-bearing elements should not be different, and the ratio of the weights of the loaded and free trays should vary within 0.15–0.25.

Pemberdayaan Kelompok Wanita Tani Berbasis Urban Farming di Kelurahan Malaka Sari dalam Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Keluarga

Women Farmers Group (KWT) is a forum that provides opportunities for women to participate in advancing the agricultural sector. KWT D’Shafa as a PKM activity partner is a forum for women in the Duren Sawit area of East Jakarta based on urban farming. Apart from this, KWT D’Shafa also has a business sector for processing crops and catering. Problems with this KWT include: the minimum number of KWT members; management of potential urban farming land that has not been utilized optimally; limited knowledge of KWT members in business management knowledge; the system for recording partner members, harvests, and product sales is still manual; lack of partner knowledge about appropriate marketing communications in promoting KWT D’Shafa and the results of urban farming management. Community service activities are carried out by socializing the existence of partners and the benefits of urban farming in the community. Making hydroponic installations is carried out in the management of potential urban farming land. Then training activities and business management assistance are carried out to maximize crop yields and processed products into economic and productive value. The system for recording partner members, harvests, and product sales uses a web-based application, namely the Google Site, which is effective and efficient. The next activity is marketing communication training, especially appropriate digital marketing in promoting the D’Shafa Women’s Farmer Group and the results of urban farming management. The digital platforms managed by KWT D’Shafa in this activity include websites and social media (Instagram, Facebook, Tik Tok and Youtube). With this PKM activity, it is able to improve the welfare of the KWT D’Shafa family.

The role of chlorophyll in determining the resistance of soybean plants to prolonged soil flooding

Prolonged inundation of soybean plants leads to their death because of root hypoxia. Therefore, the search for markers of resistance to this factor will provide the opportunity to develop the varieties able to resist this stress. The research was aimed at the study of response of 3 varieties bred by Federal Research Center All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Soybean to prolonged flooding according to the indicator of chlorophyll a and b content in soybean leaves. The study was carried out in 2019-2021 in laboratory experiments when growing plants on hydroponic installations with 24-day soil flooding (control - soil with optimal moisture content). In soybean varieties Evgeniya and Kukhanna, registered as resistant to overwatering soil, the response by content of chlorophyll forms in leaves under 24-day flooding of the soil surface with 1-2 cm layer of water differed. It was found that increase of chlorophyll a in leaves of Evgeniya variety under flooding was connected with providing the ability of this variety plants to resist the stressful flooding factor. The presence of chlorophyll b in the leaves of this variety before the ripeness phase indicates that it can serve as an indicator of plant resistance to root hypoxia to a greater extent, since the plants continued to grow and develop. In the Kukhanna variety, the content of both forms of chlorophyll at optimum soil moisture of the control variety was higher or at the same level as in the variant with flooding, that cannot serve as the criterion of resistance of this variety to root hypoxia. In the Kitrossa variety, the resistance of which to overwatering has not been noted by the breeders yet there were revealed wavy fluctuations in chlorophyll a/b ratio during the first 10 days of flooding. The fluctuations were caused by changes in the content of chlorophyll b, the concentration of which increased first and then decreased. This fluctuation is most clearly seen in the graph of the change in the ratio between chlorophyll a and b, that may serve as a marker for determination of resistance of soybean varieties to prolonged soil flooding.

Cultivation of <I>Brassica rapa</I> L. subsp. <I>nipposinica</I> plants at the multi circle hydroponic installation with help of natural immunomodulators

Relevance. Modern vegetable production in greenhouses is based on high tech-advantageous, such as vertical hydroponic technology. Increasing of vertical hydroponic market is conditioned with ensuring the food security of states in conditions instability of food deliveries due to violations of traditional logistic connections. The program of vertical tomato hydroponics was developed and used in practice at the FSBSI FSVC in 2010-2020. Productivity potential of Brassica rapa L. subsp. nipposinica cultivated at vertical hydroponic installation have been studied in connection with the spread of consumption of fresh greens and “yellow-green” vegetables.The goal of the study was: the productivity characteristics and analysis of biochemical composition Brassica rapa L. subsp. nipposinica cultivated at the five-circle vertical hydroponic installation with help of natural immunomodulators.Materials and methods. Materials of study: seeds and leaves (rosette of leaves) from 2 varieties of Brassica rapa L. subsp. nipposinica – Japanese variety Salad Mizuna and new variety Salut Jubileiu (originated from FSBSI FSVC); immune modulators – flavonoid glycoside linarozide and steroid glycosides moldstim and trigonellozide.Methods. Seed treatment with 0,005%-water solutions of immune modulators; cultivation plants Brassica rapa L. subsp. nipposinica at the five-circle vertical hydroponic construction; analytical methods: determination of dry meter; determination the sum of antioxidants in leaves of Brassica rapa L. subsp. nipposinica; biometry; statistical methods: one-factorial dispersion analysis and two-factorial dispersion analysis.Results. Possibility of Brassica rapa L. subsp. nipposinica plants cultivation at multi circle hydroponic installations was established by authors. Seed treatment with water solutions of immune modulators wasn’t influence on seedlings appearing (the quality of seeds was very high -99-100%). Height of plant (of rosette) the variety Mizuna was increased as the reaction on the seed treatment, but the weight of plants wasn’t change. Salut Jubileiu variety reacted with increasing the common weight of plants. Number of leaves was increased. The content of dry matter in leaves didn’t change, but the sum content of antioxidants is rise significantly after seed treatment of immune modulators. The conclusion has been made: applying of immune modulators from glycosides class could to increase the productivity, vitamin value and safety cultivation of Brassica rapa L. subsp. nipposinica plants at multi circle hydroponics installation.