Hydrometeorological Conditions Research Articles

Investigating the interplay of the hydrometeorological and seasonal forest vegetation role in regulating the nitrate flushing in a small torrential catchment

Forest vegetation is a very topical research subject as part of nature-based solutions for flood protection, soil erosion, water quality improvement, etc. However, limited capabilities of such measures are rarely investigated. Therefore, in this paper, study on the interplay of the hydrometeorological and seasonal forest vegetation role in regulating the nitrate‑nitrogen (NO3-N) flushing from a forested, torrential catchment is presented. For the 43 identified rainfall events it was found that there are no statistically significant seasonal differences in NO3-N concentrations; however, during baseflow conditions such differences were noted. The rainfall events were described by 17 hydro-meteorological and vegetation variables to investigate similarities between the events from the NO3-N export point of view using clustering methods. Additionally, the relationship between explanatory and dependent variables, i.e. NO3-N concentration and export variables, was modelled. In the models, the first four principal components were used as explanatory variables after the reduction of the initial number of variables. It was found that phenological phases as indicators of the forest vegetation seasonal activity are generally not able to considerably influence the NO3-N concentration and flushing dynamics. The results indicate that during baseflow conditions, the influence of the forest vegetation in the torrential catchment becomes predominant. During rainfall events, the role of vegetation is blurred and might be generally considered as insignificant. The characteristics of rainfall events apparently exceed the limits of a forest's ability to control NO3-N flushing. Given the pronounced impact of rainfall intensity on NO3-N flushing, the challenge for the future will be to mitigate the potential negative effects of climate change related impacts, especially through measures able to reduce the intensity of rainfall-runoff formation. The seasonal role of vegetation in diminishing the intensity of nutrient flushing in natural torrential catchments might be relatively constrained and probably also overwhelmed by the hydrometeorological conditions.

Fine sediment dynamics over a gravel bar. Part 2: Impact of hydro-meteorological conditions

In this study, the temporal evolution of fine sediment deposits on a gravel bar is analysed during a two-year period. The time-series of fine deposit surface area is obtained using the methodology proposed in Part 1 of this work. By combining the hydro-meteorological data, the main evolutions of the fine deposits observed on the bar surface are found to be triggered by events such as natural floods, dam flushes, and strong wind valley breezes, and are quantified for each of these events. A simple processed-based flow model is proposed to investigate the sediment dynamics during the flood events, which balances the erosional/depositional processes of fine sediments. Variability in the fine deposit evolution after floods is mainly due to the different flow and sediment concentration conditions. For small events for which the gravel bar is not totally submerged, a slight erosion generally occurs. For larger events for which the gravel bar is totally submerged, a large net deposition is often observed. The fine deposit surface area time-series also shows sharp decreases of the surface deposit coverage after some strong valley breeze events, with an evolution of the same order of magnitude than floods. The application of a wind transport model shows that strong wind valley breezes can transport fine particles from the bar surface to the river channel, thus leading to a loss of fine deposits on the bar surface. Also, the deposit initial moisture is a crucial element having impact on the fine sediment transport on the bar surface. Dry deposits are much more likely to be transported than wet deposits. A discussion is also provided on the potential impact of wind and vegetation on the long-term dynamics of fine sediment deposits.

Changes of hydro-meteorological trigger conditions for debris flows in a future alpine climate

Debris-flow activity is strongly controlled by hydro-meteorological trigger conditions, which are expected to change in a future climate. In this study we connect a regional hydro-meteorological susceptibility model for debris flows with climate projections until 2100 to assess changes of the frequency of critical trigger conditions for different trigger types (long-lasting rainfall, short-duration storm, snow-melt, rain-on-snow) in six regions in the Austrian Alps. We find limited annual changes of the number of days critical for debris-flow initiation when averaged over all regions, but distinct changes when separating between hydro-meteorological trigger types and study region. Changes become more evident at the monthly/seasonal scale, with a general trend of critical debris-flow trigger conditions earlier in the year. The outcomes of this study serve as a basis for the development of adaption strategies for future risk management.

Impact of Water Meadow Restoration on Forage Hay Production in Different Hydro-Meteorological Conditions: A Case Study of Racot, Central Poland

Water meadows in river valleys are a source of very valuable forage. Due to their specificity, an appropriate approach to water management is required. This study assessed the impact of the reclamation of a traditional gravity irrigation system, aimed at saving and reducing water loss from meadows through controlled drainage. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the investment in drainage system restoration in the context of improving the yield of fodder hay in water meadows under changing hydrometeorological conditions. The analysis was performed on the basis of meteorological and hydrological data from 30 years in the period 1989–2018. The research was conducted on the basis of two assumptions. The first concerned management of meadows without the use of subsoil irrigation based only on the amount of water supplied from rainfall. The second variant assumed deficit irrigation based on periodic water meadows with systems of ditches and drainage channels that supplied water depending on the currently available amount of water in a nearby river. The field research was performed during the crop season of 2019 and 2020. Drainage restoration investment allowed the amount of water supplied to the meadows to be increased. In the analysed period, on average, almost 30 mm of water was delivered through the ditch system. There was also an increase in hay yields of 32%. However, the investment costs, which amounted to EUR 23,382.48, were too high for this type of farm production. A positive net present value (NPV) was obtained only for 25% of cases of hydrometeorological conditions (first quartile). For the other years, the investment was not profitable.

Case where a mesoscale cyclonic eddy suppresses primary production: A Stratification-Lock hypothesis

Cyclonic eddies in the ocean often increase primary production and phytoplankton biomass. The main mechanism is the rise of the nutricline in the cyclone's core, which determines the intensification of the ascending flow of deep nutrients into the photic layer. However, some cyclones suppress primary productivity, and the natural processes underlying them are little studied and are of great fundamental interest. In August 2021, a vast cyclonic zone with two mesoscale cyclones occupied the Black Sea deep-water basin. A powerful quasi-tropical atmospheric vortex amplified one of the cyclones, which increased the Ekman pumping and led to strong sea surface cooling by 4 °C. However, the inflow of thermocline water into the euphotic layer and higher nutricline gradients did not lead to elevated depth-integratedconcentration of chlorophyll a (Chl)and phytoplankton biomass. Moreover, the surface Chl and the average primary production was less than in the outside waters. The proposed Stratification-Lock hypothesis explains this phenomenon. A combination of several factors led to its appearance. The drastic water cooling, followed by calm weather and vigorous summer heating, led to strong thermal stratification, dampening turbulent mixing in the near-surface layer. At the same time, the velocity and shear of current in and below the thermocline were low in the entire cyclonic zone, which prevented substantial diapycnal mixing generated at depth. As a result, a 'stratification lock' appeared in the entire water column, suppressing nutrients' upward flux. The proposed hypothesis is consistent with the effect of thermal stratification on primary productivity revealed in the entire cyclonic zone. The higher was the thermal stratification the lower was the depth-integrated total phytoplankton biomass and primary production. Also, diatoms developed in the upper layer in waters with weaker thermal stratification. The described stage lasted two weeks and was interrupted by strong wind mixing, which destroyed the 'stratification lock' and caused an increase in Chl at the sea surface. This stage of the cyclone life cycle occurs under a strictly defined combination of hydro-meteorological conditions, suggesting a relatively rare occurrence. Nevertheless, some evidence of the similar effect of a cyclone on primary productivity can be found in other studies, indicating that this natural mechanism, consisting of a complex weather-current-eddy combination, can operate in various marine areas.

Hydrometeorological Conditions of the Volga Flow Generation into the Caspian Sea during the Last Glacial Maximum

The goal of this study is to evaluate annual and seasonal inflow from the Volga catchment area to the Caspian Sea during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM ~21,000 years ago) using paleoclimate modeling data. The first approach is based on the LGM simulation by the general circulation models (GCMs) in the framework of the Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP4) and the Coupled Modelling Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). We used four GCMs: INM-CM4-8, MIROC-ES2L, AWI-ESM1-1-LR, and MPI-ESM1-2-LR. The second approach is based on the spatially distributed process-based runoff generation model using PMIP4-CMIP6 model data as boundary conditions. The use of the hydrological ECOMAG model allows us to refine estimates of the Volga runoff in comparison to GCM calculations by considering seasonal features of runoff generation related to periglacial vegetation distribution, permafrost, and streamflow transformation along the channel network. The LGM is characterized by a high uncertainty in meteorological values calculated for the Volga basin using various GCMs. The share of runoff from the three most flooded months from the annual calculated in the LGM was 95%, according to INM-CM4-8, while other GCMs ranged from 69–78%. Three GCMs (MIROC-ES2L, AWI-ESM1-1-LR, and MPI-ESM1-2-LR) showed 83–88% of the present-day value of precipitation in the Volga basin during cooling for more than 10 °C, while INM-CM4-8 showed a two-fold decrease. According to hydrological modeling results using data from three models, the annual Volga runoff was significantly higher than the present-day value, and, when using data from INM-CM4-8, it was lower.

Extreme Hydrometeorological Conditions and Changes in the Amu Darya River Basin in Central Asia

Abstract The Amu Darya contributed 70% of the flow to the Aral Sea in central Asia before the 1960s, when the Amu Darya streamflow to the Aral Sea started to dwindle. The severe environmental and socioeconomic disaster happened mainly due to intensified water abstraction with the backdrop of climate change. However, knowledge of up to the most recent extreme climate conditions and their changes, as well as their relations to streamflow in the basin, is still lacking. This study aims to understand extreme hydrometeorological conditions and their changes, as well as their relations in the past several decades, especially in the upper Amu Darya basin. The spatial patterns of the means of all extreme temperature indices followed the elevation gradient. The majority of the basin showed an increasing trend in extreme warm events but a decreasing trend in extreme cold events. The north of the upper basin had over 1000 mm annual precipitation, and the east had less than 300 mm annual precipitation. Overall, the upper Amu Darya basin underwent a wetting and warming annual trend. Annual streamflow in the upper subbasins was less than 750 m3 s−1, but together they produced over 1500 m3 s−1 flow in the middle reach and basin outlet. Streamflow change varied among subbasins. Correlations between climatic factors and streamflow at annual time steps were weak but distinct at monthly time steps with lagged effects. In highland subbasins with high coverage of glaciers and snow, temperature minima and maxima impacts were opposite and overwhelmed precipitation, whereas in lowland subbasins, precipitation was more important.

Understanding Changes in the Hydrometeorological Conditions towards Climate-Resilient Agricultural Interventions in Ethiopia

Climate resilient agriculture (CRA) is very important to achieve long-term improvement in productivity and farm incomes under climate uncertainty. The present study focuses on investigating the plausible changes in the hydrometeorological conditions using big-data analysis techniques in the study of Ethiopia. The original contribution of this work envisages the importance of the CRA system in water-scarce areas for sustainable agriculture planning and management under changing climatic conditions. In the present research, a TerraClimate model was the basis for weather (precipitation and temperature) and hydrological data (runoff, actual evapotranspiration, potential evapotranspiration, vapor pressure deficit and climate water deficit); these data were used to determine the spatial distribution of the standardized anomaly index (SAI) and the slope of the linear regression for long-term (1958–2020) trend analysis. Future climate trend analysis (2021–2100) has been performed through the CMIP6 (EC-Earth3) shared socio-economic pathway (SSP 2) 4.5 dataset. Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) with CSR and JPL data were utilized for the generation of water storage heat maps from 2002 to 2021. The results show that the average annual rainfall data for over 62 years was found to be 778.42 mm and the standard deviation is 81.53 mm. The results also show that the western part of the study area has the highest temperature trend, which diminishes as one moves eastward; the minimum temperature trend has been found in the western part of the study area. It was found that the equivalent water thickness (EWT) range of both CSR and JPL products was −15 to 40 cm. These results can help local climate-resilient development planning and enhance coordination with other institutions to access and manage climate finance.

Extreme Hydrometeorological Conditions of Sediment Waves’ Formation and Migration in Peter the Great Bay (The Sea of Japan)

New data were obtained on the formation mechanisms of relief sediment waves (SWs) in Peter the Great Bay of the Sea of Japan. From the studies, we can assume that the sediment waves in the bay originate from two types of turbidity (TB) currents: (1) fine-dispersed TB currents caused by disintegrating internal waves and entrained by the Primorsky current along the shelf through SWs troughs; (2) fine- and coarse-grained TB currents, formed and entrained by the Primorsky current, intensified by the typhoons. This work presents the geological structure of the shelf area containing SWs. We established that the area of SWs location is on the border of change in facies conditions of sediment bedding in the bay. The transition from the inner shelf facies to the outer shelf facies occurs at a depth of 50–60 m. We analyzed the space variability of temperature and sound speed fields peculiar to the region on the results of hydrological CTD measurements and long-term measurements with moored vertical thermostrings. In the course of measurements, seven typhoons during their passage off the Primorye coast of the Russian Federation were registered. We found a significant change in the hydrological situation in the bay under the influence of extreme external factors. Under calm meteorological conditions, up to three mild thermoclines were observed in the bay, located at depths of 8–15 m, 30–35 m, and 45–60 m. During the passage of typhoons, they combined into one powerful thermocline at a depth of approximately 50–60 m, and in some cases, a high-gradient thermocline formed at the depths of 30–40 m (about 12–15 °C per 10 m of depth). The high-gradient layer significantly increases the amplitude and strength of internal gravity waves, thereby increasing the speed of currents in the water media. We should note that this period of transformation of the hydrological profile on the shelf under the influence of typhoons covers the period from August to October-November. We established that in the SWs location area, firstly, the process of internal waves disintegration intensifies in the autumn season, resulting in the formation of the waves with lengths close to the SWs horizontal scales (SWs wavelengths); secondly, under the influence of the typhoons entering the Sea of Japan, the kinetic energy of the shelf branch of the Primorsky current increases. In this case, it acts as a source of TB currents, including medium- and coarse-grained sedimentary material that forms SWs.

Rapid Magnetic Susceptibility Characterization of Coastal Morphosedimentary Units at Two Insular Strandplains in Estonia

Coastal archives of changing hydrometeorological conditions include mineralogical anomalies, such as heavy-mineral concentrations (HMCs) of variable thickness and intensity, which contain varying ferrimagnetic (e.g., magnetite) fractions. As an effective alternative to laborious mineralogical and granulometric analysis, we present the first set of bulk-volume low-field magnetic susceptibility (MS) databases from beach and dune lithosomes in the Western Estonian archipelago: Harilaid cuspate foreland (westernmost Saaremaa Island) and Tahkuna strandplain (northernmost Hiiumaa Island). Readings were conducted both in situ from trench walls and on core subsamples. At the Tahkuna site, late Holocene beach ridges reveal substantially lower values: quartz-dominated dune sequences grade from 5–20 μSI downward to diamagnetically dominated (−1–7 μSI) beach facies. Values are higher (20–140 μSI) in historically reactivated parabolic dunes that are encroaching southward over the strandplain. At the Harilaid site, four beach dune ridges (height: 2–3 m) that span the past 250–300 years show a general increase in mean MS from 320–850 μSI with decreasing age, with peaks of 1000–2000 μSI below the dune crests (depth: ~0.3–0.6 m) likely related to contemporary wind acceleration during ridge aggradation. The highest mineralogical anomalies range from 2000–5500 μSI in the historic dune sections and exceed 8000 μSI along the actively eroding upper-berm segments, typical of HMCs generated by moderate storms. MS anomalies are likely correlated with high-amplitude electromagnetic signal responses in georadar records and provide useful information for optical luminescence sampling strategies. Our study demonstrates that magnetic susceptibility trends provide a useful means of rapidly assessing relative temporal changes in overall wave/wind climates, help identify and correlate discrete anomalies related to extreme events, serve as local beach/dune boundary indicators, and represent potentially quantifiable paleo-energy indices.

Hydrometeorological triggering of periglacial debris flows using a Bayesian approach: a case study of the Hailuogou Gully region, China

Many debris flows have occurred in small basins with a small glacier cover or snow cover in periglacial areas, suddenly caused high mortality and great damage. The hydrometeorological conditions that caused such debris flows are complex, making forecasting and early warning difficult. Previous studies for these small-glacial-covered basins have primarily considered rainfall as the only inducing factor of debris flows, and often the effects of temperature are neglected. Thus, we carried out a probabilistic analysis of variables derived from hydrometeorological factors for the Mount Gongga region, Sichuan, China, where debris flows were recorded on 14 days between 1988 and 2019. By analyzing hydrological characteristics when debris flows occurred, three distinct dominant trigger types could be identified. The results show that seven (50%) of the observed debris flow events during the study period, high-intensity rainfall was the dominant trigger, snowmelt by high temperature was identified as the dominant trigger for 2 (14%). Furthermore, five (36%) debris flow events could be attributed to the combined effects of long-lasting (or short-medium) rainfall and sustained higher temperatures. We find that the differences between the trigger types are statistically significant, and a susceptibility prediction differentiating between trigger types can outperform simple rainfall-only situations. This study contributes to an improved understanding of the hydrometeorological impact on debris flow initiation in high elevation watersheds.

Impact of climate change on hydro-meteorological trigger conditions for debris flows in Austria

Debris-flow activity is expected to change in a future climate. In this study we connect a susceptibility model for debris-flows on a regional scale with climate projections until 2100. We use this to assess changes of hydro-meteorological trigger conditions for debris flows in six regions in the Austrian Alps. We find limited changes on an annual basis, but distinct changes when separating between hydro-meteorological trigger types and regions. While regions in the east and in the south of Austria may experience less days susceptible to debris flows in summer, there is a general trend of increasing susceptibility earlier in the year for both, rainfall-related and snow-related trigger conditions. The outcomes of this study serve as a basis for the development of adaption strategies for future risk management from this debris-flow hazard.

УНИВЕРСАЛЬНАЯ ФОРМУЛА ДЛЯ ОЦЕНКИ ПРЕДЕЛОВ ПРОЧНОСТИ МОРСКОГО ЛЬДА НА СЖАТИЕ И ИЗГИБ ДЛЯ ТЕРМОДИНАМИЧЕСКИХ РАСЧЕТОВ

Thermodynamic modeling of the ice cover of freezing seas is carried out according to their hydrometeorological conditions. It is an important tool in assessing the evolution of the main ice parameters. However, the calculation of the ice strength properties is currently complicated by a need to introduce additional full-scale parameters. A new universal formula that is devoid of this drawback was developed for assessing the main strength properties of ice. The results of a comparison of calculations performed according to the formula and methods from the main regulatory documents are presented. A comparison of the calculations based on the formula with field measurements was provided and showed a high accuracy of the average ice strength values estimated using the proposed formula.

Исследование особенностей интенсификации испарения с залива Kара-Богаз-Гол

The article presents the results of the analysis of the bathymetry of the Kara-Bogaz-Gol Bay, made using a digital model of the relief of the bottom of the bay. The features of the morphometry of the bay are shown. Above the −30 m BS mark, KBG Bay has steep and precipitous shores, below the −34 m BS mark there is almost a flat bottom. From −28 to −30 m BS the area of the shallow water zone with a depth of up to 1 m varies from 0.5 to 16 %, with a depth of up to 2 m from 2 to 40 %, respectively. The features of the morphology of the gulf bed are such that below −28 m BS the ratio of the area of shallow and deep zones change and the area of shallow waters increases significantly. To obtain an assessment of the effect of bathymetry under different hydrometeorological conditions on the evaporation of the bay, a model of heat and mass transfer of the reservoir-atmosphere system was used together with a digital model of the relief of the bottom of the bay. The intensification of evaporation is manifested at the level of 29.9 m BS even at a wind speed of 1 m/s in the northern and southeastern shallow parts of the water area and reaches 5–12.5 %. At a wind speed of 5 m/s, evaporation intensification increases and reaches values of 10–15 % at the level of −27 m BS and 12.5–50 % at the level of −29.9 m BS. At a wind speed of 10 m/s, it increases from 12 % in the center of the bay to 30 % near the coastline at the level of 27 m BS, in similar zones from 15 to 60...100 % at the level of 29.9 m BS and from 18 to 60...120 % at the level of 31.8 m BS. Evaporation estimates have shown that at levels of −29.5...−31.5 m BS, the bay interacts most intensively with the atmosphere.

Satellite-based monitoring of an open-pit mining site using Sentinel-1 advanced radar interferometry: A case study of the December 21, 2020, landslide in Toledo City, Philippines

Understanding the causal factors and mechanisms behind catastrophic landslides and debris flows is crucial for accurate forecasting and disaster risk reduction. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data and interferometric SAR (InSAR) technologies provide valuable information for early warning systems’ landslide and debris flow detection and monitoring strategies. This paper applied the Sentinel-1 Persistent Scatterer InSAR (PSInSAR) technique to detect and monitor precursory slope movements over the open-pit mining site in Toledo City, Cebu Island, in the Philippines. The results show that the slope showed instabilities between December 30, 2019, to December 12, 2020, before the actual failure on December 21, 2020. The landslide initiation zone moved with velocities exceeding –10 mm/yr and reaching –90 mm/yr. The topography and morphology of the mining site contributed to the cut slope instabilities. The mining operations and hydrometeorological conditions during the analysis period aggravated the situation, leading to the cut slope failure. Overall, with favorable slope geometry, surface characteristics, and SAR data availability, the Sentinel-1 PSInSAR technique can serve as a landslide early warning system tool and aid decision-making in an actively operating open-pit mine and other landscapes.

Оценка условий района и технологические особенности добычи углеводородов на участке Восточно-Сибирский 1

This article is devoted to the study of the conditions of the hydrocarbon production area on the East Arctic shelf: hydrometeorological, natural-climatic and mining-geological conditions. The paper provides an analysisof the characteristics of the mining area, and more specifically, the East Siberian 1 site, which is located north of the territory of the Republic of Sakha and the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug. Technological features are options for using existing domestic technologies, creating analogues based on them and using the reengineering method for the development of the East Arctic shelf. In the article, a concept was chosen for the development of the study area,taking into account its features. The article also discusses a jack-up rig for drilling wells in a selected production area. The use of an ice-resistant platform with a caisson and an underwater production complex, from where natural gas will be supplied to a floating LNG plant for liquefaction, is justified. A scheme for the transportation of oil and liquefied natural gas to consumers from the countries of the Asia-Pacific region is proposed.

Estado trófico em reservatórios da região semiárida do Brasil após reinundação

ABSTRACT Prolonged drought extreme events can intensify eutrophication symptoms. This study aimed to analyze the trophic state of two semiarid reservoirs (Cruzeta and Dourado) that experience regular periods of drying and reflooding, verifying limnological changes. Two distinct periods were defined: Period I - before water depletion and Period II – after water renewal. To assess the changes in the limnological variables and the trophic state following the reflooding was conducted Wilcoxon test, Pearson's Correlation, and cluster analysis. Despite similar hydro-meteorological conditions, the reservoirs exhibited different outcomes in limnological variables. Due to the prolonged drought, Cruzeta maintained the eutrophic state in both periods, with the reservoir retaining only 2% of its water volume. In the Dourado reservoir, the trophic state change was observed, shifting from mesotrophic to eutrophic. The acceleration of eutrophication may have occurred due to the existence of organic matter in the sediment, coming from plantations inside the reservoir in addition to phosphorus carried from the drainage basin and by internal loading. Thus, reflooding did not improve water quality conditions and may intensify eutrophication. Therefore, it is recommended that effective reservoir and drainage basin management practices be implemented to mitigate eutrophication and aim for improvements in water quality.

Estimation of Land Surface Temperature Over the Tibetan Plateau Based on Sentinel-3 SLSTR Data

Land surface temperature (LST) plays a crucial role in the energy and water cycles of the Earth's climate system. The uncertainty of LST retrieval from satellites is a fundamental and long-standing issue, especially in plateau areas (such as the Tibetan Plateau (TP)), due to its high altitude, unique hydrometeorological conditions, and complex underlying surfaces. To improve the accuracy of LST retrieval over the TP, different methods, including the single channel (SC) algorithm, the split-window (SW) algorithm, and four machine learning (ML) models, were used to retrieve the LST based on SLSTR data in this study. The validation results indicated that the RMSEs of the LSTs retrieved by the SC and SW algorithms were 3.48 and 2.64 K, respectively, which shows better performance than the official SLSTR LST products (5.23 K). In addition, the random forest (RF) model has the highest accuracy among the four ML models, with an RMSE of 3.26 K. By comparing the performance of various methods, the SW algorithm is more stable and reliable for LST retrieval over the TP. In addition, the accurate spatiotemporal distribution of the LST based on the SW algorithm was also analyzed, which would benefit the understanding of the physical processes of energy and water cycles over the TP.

ЗОНА ТЕМПЕРАТУРНОГО ОПТИМУМА ЦИАНОБАКТЕРИЙ В КУЙБЫШЕВСКОМ ВОДОХРАНИЛИЩЕ

Based on the results of hydrometeorological observations in the period 2016-2021, the parameters of the optimum temperature zone (TTO) for the process of mass development of cyanobacteria in the Kuibyshev reservoir were determined. Such parameters of the optimum zone as duration, intensity, upper and lower boundaries depend on the hydrometeorological conditions of a particular year. For the period 2016-2021, the average duration of the OST was 44 days, the longest - 72 days and was observed in 2021, and the shortest - 11 days and was observed in 2019. The highest intensity of OST was observed in 2021, when 10 days were characterized by low intensity, 15 days by moderate intensity, 23 days by strong intensity, 24 days by very strong intensity and 7 days by extreme intensity. The lowest intensity was observed in 2019, when 10 days were characterized by low intensity and 1 day by high intensity. The upper border of the WTO in 2021 was observed on June 21, and the lower border on September 1. In 2019, the upper limit was observed on June 23, and the lower limit on July 26. For the process of mass development of cyanobacteria, the most favorable year is 2021, and the unfavorable year is 2019. It was found that with the increase in air and water temperature, the duration and degree of intensity of the temperature optimum zone increased. Consequently, with a further increase in air temperature due to global warming, the duration and intensity of the optimum temperature zone will only increase, which will activate the process of mass development of cyanobacteria, which will negatively affect the ecological state and water quality of the Kuibyshev reservoir.

Коррекция искажений спектров радиотеплового излучения атмосферы, получаемых по данным радиометра-спектрометра Р22М при быстро меняющихся гидрометеорологических условиях

Коррекция искажений спектров радиотеплового излучения атмосферы, получаемых по данным радиометра-спектрометра Р22М при быстро меняющихся гидрометеорологических условиях