Hydrogeological Conditions Research Articles

Hydrogeology Conceptual Model of Meninting Dam and Its Surrounding Area, West Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

The Meninting Dam is one of the dams recently built in West Lombok, Indonesia. Hydrogeologically, this dam was built on the Mataram-Selong Groundwater Basin, which is known to be a highly productive aquifer. However, in this area, no extensive research in terms of hydrogeological conditions has been conducted. Therefore, the objective of this research is to present a conceptual model of the hydrogeology of the Meninting Dam and its surrounding area. This study was carried out by collecting primary and secondary data on the geological, hydrological, and hydrogeological conditions in the research area. Results show that there are two layers of unconfined aquifer, one layer of aquitard, and one layer of confined aquifer in this area. The unconfined aquifer is built by layers made up of pebbles, sand, clay, gravel, and boulders, but also a layer of pumiceous tuff with a thickness up to 40 m and a hydraulic conductivity value between 10-1 mm/s and 5x10-2mm/s. The confined aquifer is composed of pumiceous tuff and has a thickness range of up to 100 m and a K value of about 5 x 10-3 mm/s. Between unconfined and confined aquifers, there is a thick layer of aquitard made up of laharic breccia.

Investigation of hydrogeology condition in Manikin Dam Diversion Tunnel, Timor Island, Indonesia: A Case Study

The seepages phenomenon happened in the construction site of the Manikin Dam Diversion Tunnel, Timor Island, Indonesia, has hampered the progress of construction. It seems impossible since the tunnel construction site was at the Bobonaro Complex. This condition leads to an investigate the possibility of another seepage occurrence along the tunnel construction site since more than 500 m long tunnel remains to be excavated. This study was conducted by direct observation method of the geological and hydrogeological conditions. Interpretation to direct field of geological mapping result, 10 borehole cutting samples, 6 lines of geo-electrical survey data, and face-mapping of tunnel excavation data resulting the surface and subsurface geological conditions. Hydrogeological mapping was performed to portray groundwater conditions at the tunnel site. The research reveals that the study area consists of scaly clay (fragmented with exotic block) and carbonate sandstone units. The scaly clay is impermeable, while the carbonate sandstone is permeable, but the fractured exotic blocks also act as an aquifer. The groundwater flows to the tunnel comes from this fractured zone in the exotic blocks. Based on this condition, other seepage phenomena could happen, as shown in the interpretation of the geo-electrical survey.

Analysis of hydrogeological conditions in the middle and upper reaches of the Xinachuan River Basin of the Huangshui River

Groundwater resources provide the basis for the development of industry and agriculture. It also plays a role in promoting urbanization. Groundwater investigation and hydrogeological research in the Xinachuan Basin of the Huangshui River can provide a hydrogeological basis for the development of urbanization. This study takes the middle and upper reaches of the Huangshui Xinachuan River Basin as an example. Based on field investigation data, this paper passes through hydrogeological mapping, hydrogeological drilling, pumping test, sample collection and other work. The hydrogeological conditions in the middle and upper reaches of Xinachuan River have been basically identified. Zone the loose rock pore water-rich section of the river valley. It is calculated that the amount of water inrush is greater than 5000m3/d. The degree of mineralisation is less than 0.5g/L. Excellent quality and abundant quantity. It can be used as urban drinking water and farmland irrigation water.

Multicriteria characterization of feasibility parameters, implementation of seawater intake selection along the Moroccan coastline

Determining the optimal seawater intake types and is influenced by factors including location, geology, ecology, costs, regulations, and stakeholder input. Employing multicriteria analysis, this approach systematically evaluates factors through objective scoring, ensuring a methodical decision-making methodology. This analysis focuses on crafting a decision support interface that meticulously coordinates a range of vital factors to assess the viability of seawater intake locations both offshore and onshore. These factors encompass geological, geographical, hydrological, and hydrogeological conditions, as well as topographic and bathymetric data, water capacity, demand, environmental constraints, technical specifications, economic impacts, and local requirements. The cornerstone of our multicriteria analysis approach is the methodical organization of the gathered data within a structured Excel database. Concurrently, an interactive VBA-based interface is designed to extract insights from this integrated database. Stakeholders can evaluate potential sites based on predefined criteria, customize outcomes, and engage interactively based on preferences. The interface adapts to user selections, expertly guiding them toward the optimal intake type. This process is governed by rules in the VBA code and carefully defined constraints, ultimately providing a precise intake type via a comprehensive elimination and ranking process.

Физико-географический контроль определения границ рек, их водоохранных зон, зон затопления и подтопления в Томской области (Российская Федерация)

Purpose: to develop the methodology of physical and geographical control of the validity of determining the boundaries of rivers and their special zones in the territory of Tomsk region. Materials and methods. The initial materials were the materials of the regime hydrological (Roshydromet) and hydrogeological (Gidrospetzgeology) observations, the results of engineering surveys and examinations. The main objects are the Tom river at Tomsk city, the Vasyugan river at New Vasyugan settlement, the Iksa river at Plotnikovo village, the Klyutch river at Polynyanka village. Additionally, data on the Ob and Parabel rivers and other tributaries of the Ob river were used. Results. The calculations of the position of the coastline and the boundaries of flood and underflooding zones of a number of river valleys in Tomsk region were carried out. A comparison of the characteristic levels of river waters with the hydrogeological, geomorphological and geobotanical conditions of river valleys (also underflooding conditions with the prevailing channel process types) was carried out. The physicogeographical methodology of validity control of estimating the coastline, protection, flooding and underflooding zones boundaries are proposed. Conclusions. It is shown that estimating the position of the river coastal line in Tomsk region can be carried out according to the data not only on the average daily water levels for the period of the free channel, but also the average monthly levels of river waters of the spring-summer flood and summer-autumn low water season. It was established that the average maximum level and the maximum level of 1 % occurrence relate to the relief, groundwater levels and the vegetation cover of the river valleys. It was revealed that the probability of the river valley underflooding increases in the case of floodplain anabranching and free meandering and decreases with the pre-dominance of limit meandering.

РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ И ГЕНЕЗИС УГЛЕВОДОРОДНЫХ ГАЗОВ ДОННЫХ ОТЛОЖЕНИЙ ЛАПТЕВО-СИБИРОМОРСКОЙ ЗОНЫ ВОСТОЧНО-АРКТИЧЕСКОГО ШЕЛЬФА

Gases from bottom sediments of the Laptev–Siberian Sea zone contain methane (up to 8.3047 cm3/kg) and its homologues (down to and including pentane) totaling 0.0259 cm3/kg. The established values of the carbon isotope composition of methane (δ13С), the molecular weight of the hydrocarbon fraction, the weight concentrations of С1–С5 hydrocarbons and their ratios, the «wetness» and «transformation» coefficients of the hydrocarbons fraction, indicate the presence of various syngenetic and epigenetic gases in bottom sediments. Potential gas sources are modern sediments, peat, coal, gas and gas hydrate? deposits, solid bitumen, igneous rocks, and inferred oil and gas accumulations. It has been established that the distribution of hydrocarbon gases in sediments vertically and horizontally depends on the influence of a complex of geological factors – fold and fault tectonics, magmatism and seismic activity in the region, coal, oil and gas potential and bituminosity, organic saturation and lithological composition, hydrogeological, geocryological, and other conditions for accumulation of gases or their degassing.

Evaluation of Hydrogeological and Environmental Conditions by Using Hydrochemical analyses and on Sadat Area

Evaluation of Hydrogeological and Environmental Conditions by Using Hydrochemical analyses and on Sadat Area

UNESCO World Heritage Site Karlovy Vary and its geotourism development opportunities linked with architecture

Today’s appearance of spa towns in the country is represented by the architecture of the 19th and 20th centuries. We mainly find elements of empire, neo-renaissance, and art nouveau in them. Even Karlovy Vary, even though its history goes back to the past, presents itself with this architecture. Even though the spa was here at the very beginning of the city’s foundation, nothing was left of the original buildings due to natural disasters. If they were not natural disasters, they were also remediation that freed up space for the construction of new buildings. Apart from hotel buildings, typical objects of spa architecture are mainly spa buildings and pavilions, construction modifications of springs or colonnades. An essential part of these centres is also greenery and water supplements that balance the mass of these buildings. However, the favourable geological, especially hydrogeological and geomorphological conditions of these locations play the most important role for the development of the spa industry. From the point of view of tourism in Karlovy Vary, the aim of this work is to connect the classic spa tourism of this city, which was already supplemented by film tourism in the middle of the 20th century with geotourism.

Hydrogeological and hydrochemical condition in planned tunnel B route of the Yogyakarta-Bawen toll road

The Yogyakarta-Bawen toll road tunnel, located in Magelang Regency, Central Java Province, is a national strategic project that connects Central Java and the Special Region of Yogyakarta. It has geology resulting from volcanic processes, resulting in rocks with moderate aquifer properties and low to moderate permeability. The study covers 24 observation points, with 11 locations sampling groundwater for chemical analysis. The analysis results of hydrochemical facies are Na-K-HCO3. Water table depth varies from 623 m to 704 m above sea level, with the water table along the tunnel route at depths of 13-40 m above mean sea level, generally above the tunnel’s elevation. The groundwater flow pattern tends to move from southeast to northwest, perpendicular to the tunnel’s direction. Groundwater quality testing indicates that water in the research area falls under the category of fresh groundwater, based on electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids values. The overall acidity level is generally acidic, except at specific points. In general, the interaction of groundwater with concrete results in weak erosion. It can be concluded that the groundwater at the research location is shallow, situated above the planned tunnel elevation, exhibits hydrochemical facies variations, and has the potential to weakly erode concrete.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Adaptability Zoning for Shallow Geothermal Energy Development and Utilization: Case of Nantong City, East Coast of China

The development of green energy sources, such as shallow geothermal energy, is one of the most important measures to reduce the environmental pollution caused by the use of traditional energy sources. At present, coastal cities in the east of the Yangtze River Delta, China, have favorable conditions for the development of shallow geothermal energy because of their abundant geothermal resources. However, the development and utilization of shallow geothermal energy are still in their infancy, and adaptability zoning is yet to be fully carried out. The study area is Nantong City, which is in the eastern coast of the Yangtze River Delta. A comprehensive analysis of the conditions of shallow geothermal energy is carried out based on the analysis of the regional geological, hydrogeological, and environmental geological conditions. The adaptability zoning index system of the groundwater source heat pump and buried pipe ground source heat pump system is then constructed, and the weight of evaluation factors is determined according to analytic hierarchy process. Finally, the adaptability zoning of shallow geothermal energy development and utilization mode is obtained by using the spatial analysis function of geographic information. The results showed that the areas with good suitability and better suitability account for 98.24% of the study area and those with good economy and better economy account for 99.67% of the study area. This method can provide reference suggestions for the orderly development and sustainable utilization of shallow geothermal energy in coastal cities in plain areas.

УСТОЙЧИВОСТЬ ЗДАНИЙ И СООРУЖЕНИЙ ЗАПОРОЖСКОЙ АТОМНОЙ ЭЛЕКТРОСТАНЦИИ ПРИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИИ АРТЕЗИАНСКОЙ ВОДЫ ДЛЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ПРОЦЕССА СТАНЦИИ

The article provides an assessment of ensuring safe operation, water supply, as well as the safety of personnel and the environment during the operation of the Zaporizhia NPP. It has been established that the exploitation of groundwater for the technical water supply of the NPP and its infrastructure facilities, both under constant and periodic drainage regimes, will lead to the formation of depression funnels, the size of which will depend on the magnitude (flow rate) of the water intake, the layout of water intake facilities and specific hydrogeological conditions of the groundwater deposit. It is shown that it is necessary to ensure not only the strength of the soils under the structures of buildings and structures of nuclear power plants, but also the reliable functioning of all systems that control the nuclear process. The necessity of monitoring the stability of geological and geophysical conditions in the area and at the sites of nuclear power plants in the monitoring mode has been determined. The monitoring is comprehensive. It includes geotechnical, surveying and geodetic, hydrogeological, and seismological observations. The forecast of the development of a depression funnel in time and space should be carried out by analytical methods or modeling, taking into account changes in the conditions of the relationship of aquifers with each other and environmental components. It has been revealed that extending the further operation of the NPP is an expensive and unsafe process. It is not possible to upgrade old power units to modern ones in terms of safety in nuclear energy. The power units of the Zaporizhia NPP are not ready for further operation, therefore, it is necessary to start developing a project for decommissioning power units No. 1-4 of the NPP.The research results can be useful in predicting the possible development of karst-suffusion processes under the influence of intensive groundwater drainage, organizing monitoring of the possible development of these processes, including them in the integrated monitoring of this facility. It will make it possible to justify the scale and regime of rational water extraction, taking into account the requirements for environmental protection and the specifics of further operation of the NPP.

Study of hydrogeological conditions of the Geghama range by the method of vertical electric sounding

Study of hydrogeological conditions of the Geghama range by the method of vertical electric sounding

ОЦЕНКА ПОДЗЕМНОГО СТОКА РЕК ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ ЧАСТИ ВОСТОЧНОГО САЯНА

The results of estimating the groundwater flow for the rivers of the Eastern Sayan, which includes 89 individual watersheds, are presented. Most of the river basins (left tributaries of the Angara River) are located in a fold-mountain area and are poorly covered by the data of the routine observations of river runoff. The groundwater flow of the rivers was determined by a complex hydrological and hydrogeological method of genetic hydrograph separation, taking into account a removal of a part of the flow for the aufeis formation. For unexplored rivers, the groundwater flow was determined by the method of transition coefficients for unit water discharges obtained during the hydrometric survey in the winter low-water period. In the fold-mountain area, the specific groundwater flow varies over a wide range and depends on the landscape and climatic conditions, as well as on the hydrogeological conditions of specific watersheds associated with the presence of permafrost and differences in tectonic activity in different parts of the study area.

Challenges and Possible Solutions for Riverbank Filtration: Case Studies of Three Sites in Egypt

In response to Egypt’s escalating water scarcity and pollution, Riverbank Filtration (RBF) technology is emerging as an effective solution to enhance water quality and simplify drinking water provision. This study evaluates RBF at three sites in Upper Egypt by assessing hydrogeological conditions and water quality based on 36 parameters from 2022 to 2023. Findings indicate that RBF efficiently treats infiltrated river water, with all sites meeting turbidity and microbiological standards (Total Bacterial Count and Coliforms), achieving removal rates of approximately 90% and 99%, respectively. Despite these successes, challenges persist in reducing manganese to safe levels, with concentrations at Alsaayda site reaching 0.51 mg/L, over the drinking water safe limit of 0.4 mg/L. To address this, further post-treatment strategies are proposed to remove the excess manganese. A practical application of an Oxidizer at the Bani Murr groundwater treatment plant has demonstrated the effective removal of iron and manganese, bringing their levels down to safe drinking water standards. This case exemplifies a successful solution for iron and manganese removal. This research highlights RBF’s potential in water treatment in developing countries, while emphasizing the need for supplementary measures to manage specific contaminants.

Analysis of Hydrogeological Conditions of a Historical Tailings Pond

Analysis of Hydrogeological Conditions of a Historical Tailings Pond

Hydrogeological conceptual model in the Batang Integrated Industrial Park, Central Java, Indonesia

The construction of Batang Integrated Industrial Park (BIIP) will surely affect the groundwater in this area and its surroundings. To estimate the impact of changes in land use and the potential use of industrial water from groundwater, a hydrogeological conceptual model has been constructed for the BIIP. The methodology involves gathering rainfall data to estimate potential recharge. The secondary and primary data of deep and shallow wells were used to evaluate the boundaries of groundwater flow directions and develop the geometry of the aquifer system. The boundary condition observation data, geophysics data, drilling log, and slug test results were collected and interpreted in a 2-dimensional as a conceptual model of the hydrogeological condition. The result reveals that groundwater flow boundaries are Java Sea in the North as a constant head boundary, Brontak River in the west, Pesanggrahan River in the east as a river boundary, and Srigunung hills in the south as a no-flow boundary. The aquifer system of the area is dominated by sand as an unconfined aquifer with a thickness maximum of 88 m and located up to 47 m below the surface. The recharge in the research area is approximately 950.5 mm/year. The hydraulic conductivity of the aquifers is 0.16 m/day to 0.401 m/day. This hydrogeological conceptual model provides essential information for numerical groundwater models.

ПЕРЕХОДНЫЙ ПЕРИОД В ПЕРЕСТРОЙКЕ СИСТЕМЫ ВЛАГООБОРОТА ВОДОСБОРОВ (ПО ДАННЫМ ВОДНОБАЛАНСОВОЙ СТАНЦИИ КАМЕННАЯ СТЕПЬ)

The aspects of adaptating the moisture circulation system at the catchments of small watercourses to climate change based on the observational data from the Kamennaya Step' water balance station are considered. It is demonstrated that the transformation of the moisture circulation system results from the changes in the balance between the groundwater recharge and leakage with a decrease in the contribution of cryogenic factors to the river basin water regime formation. It is suggested that the transition period in the moisture circulation restructuring in river basins can be divided into two periods: with predomination of groundwater recharge and with predomination of its leakage. The length of the transformation phase in the steppe zone depending on the cryogenic factor is about 40 years. The final stabilization of the hydrological regime will depend on setting the groundwater balance under the specific hydrogeological conditions and anthropogenic load.

Geospatial conditions of landslide formation on the territory of Sakhalin Island

The paper considers the conditions for the formation of landslide-prone areas of Sakhalin Island, the intensity of development and the main characteristics of landslides of various types common on the territory of Sakhalin Island. Sakhalin Island, determined by the geospatial location of the territory. It is due to the geospatial location of the territory as a result of the tectonic and geological history of its development that the present relief, in addition to extensive sedimentation basins, is represented by steeply sloping erosion-denudation and abrasion forms of macro and mesorelief with high potential energy, overlain by layered significantly dislocated and structurally disturbed terrigenous strata represented by relatively weak rocks, the accumulation of which occurred as a result of cyclic sedimentation. The tectonic and accompanying seismic activity, as well as the geologic history of the terrane formation, have led to the formation of complex engineering, geological, and hydrogeological conditions of the territory. Furthermore, the marginal position of the region determines its monsoon climate with high cyclonic activity, leading to a general high moisture content of the territory and activation of exogenous processes. Thus, due to the geospatial position of Sakhalin in the transition zone, a whole complex of natural factors of landslide formation was formed in the territory, including global factors (tectonic, climatic) and their subordinate determinants, as well as secondary (trigger) factors (geomorphologic, geological, hydrogeological, seismic), contributing to the widespread development of modern active landslides of different scales, characteristics, as well as types of landslide process and mechanism of mountain displacement.

Migration of total petroleum hydrocarbon and heavy metal contaminants in the soil-groundwater interface of a petrochemical site using machine learning: impacts of convection and diffusion.

Convection and diffusion are key pathways for the migration of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and heavy metals (HMs) from soil to groundwater. However, the extent of their influence on pollutant migration, as well as the nonlinear relationships between these processes and pollutants, remains unclear. This study investigates the spatial distribution of TPH and HMs at a petrochemical site with complex hydrogeological conditions in southwestern China. In addition, machine learning (ML) was used to assess the effects of convection and diffusion on pollutant migration at the soil-groundwater interface. The analysis identifies and reveals TPH, Co, and Ni as the primary pollutants, with soil concentrations reaching 47.427, 7.024, and 4.766 times their respective screening values. Among various ML models, Random Forest (RF) was identified as the most effective, based on R 2, and RMSE performance metrics. The RF model demonstrates that the concentrations of TPH and As are closely related to soil depth. Furthermore, importance indices calculated by RF indicate that the significance of convection and diffusion varies across different soil-groundwater systems. Specifically, at the soil-perched water interface, convection plays a more significant role than diffusion in influencing the migration of TPH and As. However, at the soil-pore water interface, diffusion more significantly influences the migration of all pollutants compared to convection. Additionally, a threshold or saturation effect was observed for the impact of the convection factor on pollutant concentrations in groundwater. These findings highlight the distinct roles of convection and diffusion across various water interfaces, providing new insights into the mechanisms governing contaminant migration and fate.

Impact of a CO2 leak on the release of major and trace elements according to groundwater flow conditions in a shallow freshwater carbonate aquifer: In-situ experiments and modelling

To investigate the role of hydrogeological conditions on the release of major and trace elements during CO2 leakage occurring in shallow freshwater aquifers in a CO2 Capture and Storage context, this paper compares the results of two in-situ CO2 leakage experiments. These experiments were carried out in a shallow freshwater carbonated aquifer located in Saint-Emilion, France, during both low and high-water levels periods. In both experiments, 200 L of carbonated water were injected into a well and groundwater monitoring was carried out downstream.Due to the physical heterogeneity of the aquifer at a small scale, the CO2-rich water plume did not follow the same flow path between the two hydrogeological periods, thus highlighting preferential pathways. It was observed that geochemical changes were not of the same intensity. The concentrations of Ca2+, HCO3−, Mg2+, Fe, Mn, As, Co, Cu, Ba, Sr and V increased during the low-water level experiment while the measured concentrations only reflected the dilution of the gasified water injected during the high-water level period.