Detection Of Hydrogen Sulfide Research Articles

Construction of a novel fluorescent probe based on a carbazole platform for the rapid and specific detection of H2S and its application in bioimaging and food detection

A novel carbazole-based fluorescent probe that can be used for the rapid and effective detection of hydrogen sulfide, applicable in biological imaging and food testing.

Synthesis of a fluorescent probe based on rhodol's highly selective recognition of H2S and its application in cells.

A new fluorescent probe for detecting hydrogen sulfide (H2S) was developed through the thiolation reaction of 2-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone. Rhodol was employed as the fluorophore, while 2-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone acted as the reactive group for H2S. The probe remains non-fluorescent under sunlight but emits a strong fluorescence upon reaction with H2S, accompanied by a visible color change in the solution. This selective H2S probe features rapid detection (under 1 minute), high photostability, and a very low detection limit (LOD = 44.3 nM), well below the levels that trigger physiological responses. The probe's mechanism was confirmed through 1H-NMR, HR-MS, and DFT analysis. With low cytotoxicity and high biocompatibility, the probe has been effectively applied for fluorescent bioimaging of H2S in living cells.

Highly selective dual-signal readout H2S probe: Applications in monitoring of water samples, food spoilage and live cell imaging

We present a new probe (DN) for colorimetric and fluorimetric detecting hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on the basis of the H2S-triggered thiolysis of 4-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazoyl (NBD) ether. In H2O/DMSO medium (9/1, v/v, pH 7.4), the aryl ether bond in DN was cleaved by H2S via nucleophilic aromatic substitution to yield a phenolate product with lighting up red fluorescence accompanied with a distinguished color transformation from yellow to pink. Probe DN features near-infrared emission (660 nm), large Stokes Shift (168 nm), good sensitivity (LOD: 15.1 nM) and relative fast response time (5 min) for specific sensing of H2S. Conveniently, a paper strips-based test kit was developed for tracking and assessing meat freshness by monitoring the release of H2S. What is more, DN is demonstrated to image both exogenous and endogenous H2S in live cells with relative short analysis time (30–60 min), providing a new research tool for exploring the relationship between H2S and clinical diseases.

Structure-engineered tellurium for enhancing H2S gas sensing properties at room temperature

Tellurium nanostructures were utilized as a gas sensing material to detect hydrogen sulfide gases at room temperature. Te nanostructures were synthesized by a galvanic displacement reaction of nickel particles as a sacrificial material. The morphologies of Te hollow spheres and branched Te hollow spheres were controlled by the concentration of the employed HTeO2+. The branched Te hollow spheres were formed by additional nucleation and growth of Te branches on the surface of Te hollow sphere in high concentration of HTeO2+. Compared to the room temperature sensing properties of Te hollow spheres, the branched Te hollow spheres showed the significantly enhanced sensitivity. The improved performance in the branched Te hollow spheres is attributed to the increased specific surface area, larger variation of hole accumulation layer for carrier transport, and especially drastic variation of electrical resistance in the increased junction potentials between the branches. Additionally, the branched Te hollow spheres showed strong selectivity for H2S over other gases such as NO2, SO2, and H2, making them highly effective for detecting H2S at room temperature.

A biocompatible fluorescent probe for endogenous hydrogen sulfide detection and imaging

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) acts as a messenger molecule and can mediate a variety of physiological functions. Conventional methods are seldom used to detect endogenous H2S and present some difficulties in selective and accurate detection. Reaction-based recognition of endogenous H2S by organic small molecule probes with good specificity and biocompatibility. To address this challenge, we developed a novel H2S fluorescent probe 4-(2-(6-hydroxy-2-naphthyl) ethyl)-1-methylpyridinium (DSNP) that triggers a thiolysis reaction through a strong electron withdrawing group, releasing a fluorescent molecule. The simple probe DSNP not only have good selectivity, large Stokes shifts and biocompatibility, but also demonstrated a detection limit as low as 28.4 nM and reaction times as quick as 30 min. Moreover, it has been successfully applied to imaging intracellular H2S in myeloma cells and zebrafish. This study opens new insights to help push this probe forward for its applicability for detailed H2S localization studies in osteosarcoma.

Ultra-low hydrogen sulfide gas detection of metal-organic framework derived hollowed-out rod-shaped copper oxide nanostructures

Highly selective detection of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) at low temperatures has broad applications in industries, agriculture, and the healthcare sector. However, the practical application of metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) resistive gas sensors is greatly limited by their inherent high operating temperature, low response, and low selectivity. To further enhance the detection performance of H2S gas, this study proposes and investigates an efficient hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas sensor based on hollowed-out rod-shaped copper oxide (CuO) derived from metal-organic frameworks (MOF). The sensor material was synthesized using a solvothermal method to prepare the precursor copper terephthalate metal–organic frameworks (CuBDC) and then calcinated under high temperatures. The sensor prepared at 500 °C exhibits the most outstanding gas sensitivity, with a response as high as 330 (Rg/Ra) to 1 ppm H2S at room temperature (20 °C) and theoretical detection limits at the ppt level, excellent selectivity and stability. The gas sensing mechanism is briefly explained through an oxygen adsorption model. The research results underscore the potential application prospects of this sensor in H2S detection, providing a new direction for developing high-performance, low-cost, and highly efficient gas sensors.

Investigation of a bimetallic terbium(III)/copper(II) chemosensor for the detection of aqueous hydrogen sulfide.

The chemosensor properties of a bimetallic terbium(III)/copper(II) complex functionalized with a 4-(2-pyridyl)-1,2,3-triazole ligand for the detection of Cu2+ ions and, aqueous and gaseous hydrogen sulfide was investigated. The 4-(2-pyridyl)-1,2,3-triazole ligand functions both as an antenna chromophore and a receptor for Cu2+ ions; the Cu2+ complex was shown to be a chemosensor for the detection of aqueous hydrogen sulfide. The chemosensor exhibited significant reversibility over multiple cycles, observed with the sequential addition of Na2S followed by Cu2+ ions. The limit of detection for aqueous hydrogen sulfide was 0.63 μM (20 ppb). No luminescent changes of the bimetallic terbium(III)/copper(II) complex were observed in the presence of gaseous hydrogen sulfide, and thus this sensor can only be used for the detection of aqueous hydrogen sulfide.

Construction and application of fluorescent probe and sensing aerogel with ability to detect hydrogen sulfide

The dyeing, wastewater acidification and anaerobic treatment processes in the textile always produce a large amount of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which will be harmful to the human beings. The fluorescent detection of H2S with highly specific and sensitive probe is of significance. Here, using the 2, 7-dichlorofluorescein (DCF) derivative DCF-MPYM as the fluorophore, a fluorescent probe M1 for specifically recognizing H2S was designed and synthesized by introducing 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzoic acid into the oxanthracene moiety of DCF-MPYM. The introduction of 2-chloro-5-nitrobenzoic acid results in DCF-MPYM being in a closed-loop state, thus, the fluorescence quantum yield (Φ) of the probe M1 was low. The characteristic of weak fluorescence plays an important role in the use of a fluorescent probe. The fluorescence titration and selectivity results demonstrated that the probe M1 could selectively detect H2S, and its detection limit for H2S was calculated to be 45.31 μM. The reaction mechanism of the probe was verified by the high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and liquid chromatography as the nucleophilic addition of H2S to the probe M1, which induced the cleavage of ester bond and subsequently restored the spectral properties of DCF-MPYM. To bring the probe M1 into practical application, the fluorescent aerogel CMC-M1 was constructed by mixing the probe M1 and carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC-Na) aerogel, and the fluorescent aerogel can be applied in absorbing and removing H2S in water. The adsorption capacity and removal efficiency of CMC-M1 for H2S were 0.626 mg·g−1 and 99.36 %. The investigation of adsorption kinetic showed that the adsorption effect of CMC-M1 towards Na2S was mainly chemical adsorption. In addition, the fluorescent aerogel CMC-M1 can be applied for qualitative, quantitative detection and effective removal of H2S in dyeing and finishing wastewater.

Triphenylene-Based 2D cMOFs: Unraveling the H2S Sensing Mechanism and Applications for a Real-Time Wireless Chemiresistive Sensor.

Two-dimensional conductive metal-organic frameworks (2D cMOFs) stand at the forefront of chemiresistive sensing innovations due to their high surface areas, distinctive morphologies, and substantial electronic conductivity. Particularly, 2D cMOFs crafted using 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene (HHTP) and 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaiminotriphenylene (HITP) organic ligands have garnered a large amount of attention due to their designable active sites and proper conductive characteristics. Nevertheless, a deeper exploration into their sensing mechanisms is imperative for a comprehensive understanding of the intrinsic chemistry, which is crucial for the intricate design of specialized 2D cMOF chemiresistive sensors. In this study, we fabricate six M-HXTP (M = Co, Ni, and Cu; X = H and I) chemiresistive sensors, focusing on the application of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) detection. Among these, the 2D cMOFs incorporating Cu metal manifested a remarkably enhanced response to H2S. A combination of experimental and computational studies unveils the mechanisms of sulfur oxidation and Cu reduction, wherein distortion of the reduced MX4 cluster markedly amplifies the sensing response. Lastly, a real-time and portable wireless H2S sensing module has been demonstrated by using the Cu-HHTP composite material, highlighting the substantial practical significance and potential applicability.

Theoretical Study of Three Ratiometric 1,8-naphthalimide Fluorescent Probes for Hydrogen Sulfide Detection.

Three ratiometric 1,8-naphthalimide fluorescent probes for hydrogen sulfide detection have been studied theoretically by using density functional theory and time-dependent functional theory. From the detailed comparison of the optimized geometries, it is found that the change of substituents has a slight effect on the structure of 1,8-naphthalimide fluorophore, and the effect is mainly located in the part attached to the changed substituent. The change of the electron-withdrawing or electron-donating ability of the substituents on the 1,8-naphthalimide has an effect on the electronic spectra. Based on the analysis of frontier molecular orbital, the intramolecular charge transfer process was found for the three probes and their corresponding products. Finally, the analysis of the energy gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital was elaborated. This work provides a theoretical explanation of the experimental results and thus contributes to the development of novel fluorescent probes in the future.

A highly selective fluorescent probe for hydrogen sulfide detection in food, water, and living cells

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)–an endogenously produced vapor–is essential for various physiological and neurological functions. However, abnormal H2S levels can negatively impact both the environment and food quality. Herein, a novel fluorescent probe, 2-(2-benzothiazol-2-ylvinyl)-5-diethylaminophenyl-2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonate (BDD), has been designed and synthesized for the detection of H2S. BDD exhibits high selectivity, rapid response to H2S within 6 minutes, and a low limit of detection (LOD = 0.87 μM), with stable emission at pH range between 6 and 12. Moreover, BDD effectively recovers H2S in water samples with recovery rates ranging from 98.8 % to 102.1 % and monitors both internal and external H2S in HeLa cells. Additionally, BDD-loaded test strips are promising as a tool for measuring the freshness of raw meat on-site. These findings establish the foundation for significant advancements in detecting H2S in various environments, food sources, and biological systems.

Two-pronged strategy: A mitochondria targeting AIE photosensitizer for hydrogen sulfide detection and type I and type II photodynamic therapy

Multifunctional type-I photosensitizers (PSs) for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) detection and photodynamic therapy (PDT) of hypoxia tumors exhibits attractive curative effect but remains a challenging task. Herein, a mitochondria targeted aggregation-induced emission (AIE) photosensitizer TSPy-SS-P was designed and synthesized, which could be used for H2S detection and simultaneously type I and type II PDT. TSPy-SS-P had excellent selectivity and anti-interference abilities for endogenous and exogenous H2S detection in tumor cells. TSPy-SS-P was able to distinguish tumor cells with high level of H2S from normal cells by fluorescence “turn off” response to H2S. In addition, TSPy-SS-P showed type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation ability to effectively ablate hypoxic tumor cells. TSPy-SS-P showed mitochondria targeting capacity which could produce ROS in situ to disrupt mitochondria and promote cell apoptosis. In vivo PDT experiments showcased that TSPy-SS-P had excellent tumor retention capability, effective tumor ablation ability and good biocompatibility. This work provided a two-pronged strategy to design organelles targeted photosensitizers for H2S detection and effective PDT of tumors.

Electrospun ZnO Nanotubes Decorated with Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles as Sensing Material for Hydrogen Sulfide Detection

Electrospun ZnO Nanotubes Decorated with Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticles as Sensing Material for Hydrogen Sulfide Detection

In Situ Generatable and Recyclable Oxygen Vacancy-Modified Fe2O3-Decorated WO3 Nanowires with Super Stability for ppb-Level H2S Sensing.

Detecting hydrogen sulfide (H2S) odor gas in the environment at parts-per-billion-level concentrations is crucial. However, a significant challenge is the rapid deactivation caused by SO42- deposition. To address this issue, we developed a sensing material comprising Fe2O3-decorated WO3 nanowires (FWO) with strong interfacial interaction. During the H2S sensing process, important oxygen vacancies (OVs) are generated in situ and are recyclable on the surface of the Fe2O3 cluster. This sensor achieves a response of 140 (Ra/Rg) toward 50 ppm of H2S at 250 °C, with an experimentally measured detection limit of 1 ppb. It also exhibits remarkable stability, with no significant change observed over a long period of 150 days. Based on a combination of in situ DRIFT and DFT calculations, we have identified that the overactivation of O2 is the key step in the formation of SO42-. This overactivation can be partially modulated by the synergistic effect of Fe2O3 decoration and the in situ generated OVs, regulating the oxidation product to SO2 rather than the toxic SO42-. Furthermore, the continuous generation of OVs compensates for the loss of active sites pertaining to SO42- deposition, thereby contributing to the excellent stability of the sensor. This study underscores the beneficial impact of in situ OV generation in FWO for H2S sensing, offering a dynamic strategy to enhance sensor performance, particularly in terms of stability.

Designing of efficient sensor based on H-decorated T-graphene for detection of hydrogen sulfide (H2S): a first principle study

Designing of efficient sensor based on H-decorated T-graphene for detection of hydrogen sulfide (H2S): a first principle study

A lanthanide luminescent sensor doped polymer dots for ratiometric fluorescence detection of hydrogen sulfide

As one of the indexes of food freshness, hydrogen sulfide content is closely related to food spoilage. A dual-emission sensor for H2S detection was reported in this paper. Poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] Polymer dots (MEH-PPV-Pdots) were prepared by copolymer of poly [2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] and styrene-maleic anhydride. The sensor was obtained by embedding purple MEH-PPV-Pdots in a green MOF. The accommodated MEH-PPV-Pdots were considered as the reference signal, while copper ions on the host skeleton served as accessible reaction sites, allowing MEH-PPV-Pdots/Tb0.99Cu0.01-MOF to selectively sense H2S. The sensor exhibited reduced green fluorescence and proportional response to H2S. Because H2S can transfer charge on copper ions and thus affect the green light emitted by rare earth ions. The results showed that the sensor had good stability to H2S in HEPES buffer, fast response, obvious color change, high selectivity and sensitivity. The sensor has been applied to the detection of aquatic products, showing good visualization effect.

Theoretical Investigations on the Sensing Mechanism of Dicyanoisophorone Fluorescent Probe for the Detection of Hydrogen Sulfide

Theoretical Investigations on the Sensing Mechanism of Dicyanoisophorone Fluorescent Probe for the Detection of Hydrogen Sulfide

A new-style pohotoelectrochemical sensing device based on NH2-UiO-66@Bi2O3 for the sensitive detection of hydrogen sulfide

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been regarded as an environmentally hazardous substance and its abnormal level in the atmosphere can cause great harm for human body. Therefore, the development of a rapid and sensitive method for H2S detection is valuable for both human health and ecosystem safety. Herein, a new-style photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensing device integrated with a headspace separation system for sensing H2S was constructed by assembling a NH2-UiO-66@Bi2O3 modified photoelectrode array which was prepared by a vacuum filtration technique. According to the experimental results, the H2S gas volatilized from the test sample induces partial in situ transformation of the NH2-UiO-66@Bi2O3 modified on photoelectrode array into NH2-UiO-66@Bi2S3 which promotes electron-holes separation and visible light absorption, thus leading to the enhancement of photocurrent response. Correspondingly, a signal-on PEC sensing device was thereby constructed for sensing H2S concentration linearly ranging from 2.5 to 100 µM, with a detection limit of about 0.78 µM. Beyond that, the feasibility of sensing H2S in environment samples was further confirmed by recovery assays. This work could broaden a new vision of the elegant design of portable PEC sensor for rapid and sensitive environmental analysis.

Photoelectron-transfer-effect grafting: Validation of a generalized strategy for fluorescence and photoelectrochemical dual-mode detection of hydrogen sulfide

BackgroundThe progress of modern research is constantly fueled by the convergence of multiple technologies. Despite the enormous potential of both fluorescence (FL) and photoelectrochemical (PEC) technologies, the development of synergistic PEC-FL sensing platforms that combine the advantages of both is still in its early stages due to their relatively recent inception. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), possessing dual irritant and asphyxiating traits, poses challenges for environmental preservation and human health. The development of the PEC-FL detection methodology for H2S in complex environmental settings is imperative. ResultsCombining FL and PEC sensing techniques, this work presented a new concept of photoinduced electron-transfer (PET) effect grafting for dual-mode fluorescence and PEC analysis. Briefly, a well-designed fluorescent molecule (BTFM-DNP) featuring the PET effect was synthesized and implemented to modulate the photoelectric response of the indium tin oxide (ITO)/BiOI photocathode electrode. After reacting with H2S, the thiolysis of dinitrophenyl ether eliminated the intramolecular PET effect and recovered the significant fluorescence of the probe. Remarkably, the newly formed 2,4-dinitrobenzenethiol (DBT) with strong electron-withdrawing groups was then grafted to the ITO/BiOI photoelectrode and achieved the successful transfer of the PET process, resulting in a sharp decrease in photocurrent. The as-developed dual-mode protocol exhibited good performance in terms of ultra-sensitivity, high selectivity, fast response, and a wide detection range from 1 pM to 80 μM. SignificanceThe newly developed PEC-FL sensing platform can be applied to detect H2S levels in both the environment and food. This study demonstrates a promising synergy between fluorescent probes and PEC sensors, offering a novel perspective on the advancement of multi-mode analysis techniques. This approach has the potential to significantly enhance detection accuracy and reliability.

Headspace separation combined fluorescence detection of hydrogen sulfide with silver-sensitized lanthanide coordination polymer via a simple self-made device

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), playing unique role on signal transmission in various physiological processes, the rapid and accurate monitoring of it is particularly concerned. The drawbacks of fluorescence probe for H2S, namely poor selectivity or long response time, have always existed. As a test case, here headspace separation combined fluorescence strategy was attempted, on basis of H2S stimuli-responsive AMP/Tb3+/Ag+ or GMP/Tb3+/Ag+ coordination polymer probes. The fluorescence intensity of them is inversely proportional to the concentration of it, due to Ag-S in situ coordination and partial formation of Ag2S. Using the hybrid analysis, a quick response of less than 2.0 min and a high selectivity could be obtained. The signal change (ΔI) of AMP/Tb3+/Ag+ or GMP/Tb3+/Ag+ showed good linearity within the range of 0.5–100 μM and 1.0–150 μM, along with a detection limit (3σ) of 0.2 and 0.4 μM, respectively. When utilized to determine the sulfide level in real samples, it shows recoveries from 96.4 % to 102.3 % with relative standard derivation (RSD) less than 3.0 %. The combination strategy of headspace separation and fluorescence quantitative analysis was verified to effectively eliminate potential interference such as other coexisting non-volatile thiol-containing species, providing a novel avenue to flexibly design the volatile component analysis with high selectivity in complex sample matrixes.