Injection Of Hydrogen Peroxide Research Articles

Intratumoral Hydrogen Peroxide Injection during Meningioma Resection

Objective: Meningiomas, although histologically benign, pose a particular challenge to the neurosurgeon because of their extensive vascularity. Intraoperative removal difficulties are usually encountered due to their vascular nature: they often bleed extensively during resection until separated from their blood supply. There are a wide variety of hemostatic agents available to the neurosurgeon. Most of these methods involve some sort of chemical, electrical, or compressive action. Although the use of hydrogen peroxide as an intracranial hemostatic agent in meningioma surgery has not been formally reported, we report a technique of meningioma resection that uses intratumoral hydrogen peroxide injection, reducing the potential for blood loss and shortening resection times.

Intratumoral Hydrogen Peroxide Injection During Meningioma Resection

Meningiomas, although histologically benign, pose a particular challenge to the neurosurgeon because of their extensive and exuberant vascularity. They often bleed extensively during resection until separated from their blood supply. There are a wide variety of hemostatic agents available to the neurosurgeon. Most of these means of hemostasis involve some sort of chemical, electrical, or compressive action. Although anecdotally known to be useful, the use of hydrogen peroxide as an intracranial hemostatic agent in meningioma surgery has not been formally reported. We report a technique of meningioma resection that uses intratumoral hydrogen peroxide injection, reducing the potential for blood loss and shortening resection times. Seventy-five patients underwent resection of a meningioma using the direct intratumoral H2O2 injection technique. The locations of these meningiomas included convexity and cranial-based lesions. None of the patients underwent preoperative endovascular embolization. The use of this technique greatly facilitated the removal of these tumors. No evidence of air embolism occurred during Doppler surveillance and no other significant side effects attributable to H2O2 application were observed. We demonstrate a previously unreported technique of meningioma resection that uses direct intratumoral hydrogen peroxide injection, potentially reducing blood loss, shortening resection times, and obviating the need for preoperative embolization.

Catalytic reduction of hydrogen peroxide at metal hexacyanoferrate composite electrodes and applications in enzymatic analysis

The electrocatalytic activity of various metal hexacyanoferrates (M hcfs) (i) immobilized on graphite electrodes, and (ii) as components of a composite electrode was investigated with respect to the reduction of hydrogen peroxide. The flow-through working electrode was a thin layer consisting of a composite of M hcf, graphite, and polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA) as a binder, sandwiched between two Plexiglas plates. Among the pure M hcfs immobilized on a graphite electrode, iron(III) hexacyanoferrate (Prussian blue) exhibits the highest electrocatalytic effect, whereas in the composite electrodes chromium(III) hexacyanoferrate (Cr hcf) shows the highest activity and best performance and reproducibility for the electrochemical reduction of H 2O 2. The Cr hcf electrode provides a linear dependence on H 2O 2 concentration in the range 2.5 × 10 −6 mol L −1 (LOD) to 1 × 10 −4 mol L −1 (phosphate buffer, pH 7). The sensor was applied for the detection of H 2O 2 enzymatically produced by glucose oxidase. The optimal conditions for the peroxide injection were 2 min after the beginning of the reaction and 25 °C with a detection limit of 7.0 × 10 −6 mol L −1 for glucose.

Fabrication of a bio-MEMS based cell-chip for toxicity monitoring

A bio-MEMS based cell-chip that can detect a specific toxicity was fabricated by patterning and immobilizing bioluminescent bacteria in a microfluidic chip. Since the emitted light intensity of bioluminescent bacteria changed in response to the presence of chemicals, the bacteria were used as the toxicity indicator in this study. A pattern of immobilized cells was successfully generated by photolithography, utilizing a water-soluble and negatively photosensitive polymer, PVA-SbQ (polyvinyl alcohol-styrylpyridinium) as an immobilization material. Using the recombinant Escherichia coli (E. coli) strain, GC2, which is sensitive to general toxicity, the following were investigated for the immobilization: an acceptable dose of long-wavelength UV light, the biocompatibility of the polymer, and the effect of the chip-environment. We found that 10 min of UV light exposure, the toxicity of polymer (SPP-H-13-bio), and the other chip-environment did not inhibit cell metabolism significantly for making a micro-cell-chip. Detection of a specific toxicity was demonstrated by simply immobilizing the bioluminescent bacteria, DK1, which increased bioluminescence in the presence of oxidative damage in the cells. An injection of hydrogen peroxide of 0.88 mM induced 10-fold increase in bioluminescent intensity confirming the capability of the chip for toxicity monitoring.

Cardiovascular responses produced by central injection of hydrogen peroxide in conscious rats

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to modulate neuronal synaptic transmission and may play a role on the autonomic control of the cardiovascular system. In this study we investigated the effects produced by hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2) injected alone or combined with the anti-oxidant agent N-acetil- l-cysteine (NAC) or catalase into the fourth brain ventricle (4th V) on mean arterial pressure and heart rate of conscious rats. Moreover the involvement of the autonomic nervous system on the cardiovascular responses to H 2O 2 into the 4th V was also investigated. Male Holtzman rats (280–320 g) with a stainless steel cannula implanted into the 4th V and polyethylene cannulas inserted into the femoral artery and vein were used. Injections of H 2O 2 (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 μmol/0.2 μL, n = 6) into the 4th V produced transient (for 10 min) dose-dependent pressor responses. The 1.0 and 1.5 μmol doses of H 2O 2 also produced a long lasting bradycardia (at least 24 h with the high dose of H 2O 2). Prior injection of N-acetyl- l-cysteine (250 nmol/1 μL/rat) into the 4th V blockade the pressor response and attenuated the bradycardic response to H 2O 2 (1 μmol/0.5 μL/rat, n = 7) into the 4th V. Intravenous ( i.v.) atropine methyl bromide (1.0 mg/kg, n = 11) abolished the bradycardia but did not affect the pressor response to H 2O 2. Prazosin hydrochloride (1.0 mg/kg, n = 6) i.v. abolished the pressor response but did not affect the bradycardia. The increase in the catalase activity (500 UEA/1 μL/rat injected into the 4th V) also abolished both, pressor and bradycardic responses to H 2O 2. The results suggest that increased ROS availability into 4th V simultaneously activate sympathetic and parasympathetic outflow inducing pressor and bradycardic responses.

Supuración crónica perianal por cuerpo extraño

SUMMARY Perineal impalement injuries are rare and can produce a chronic perineal discharge not caused by the usual fistula or perianal abscess. We report a 34 year-old man who suffered a perineal impalement in an accident at work and presented with almost continuous perianal purulent discharge for five years. He was treated as a perianal fistula, with partial fistulectomy and elastic bandage, without improvement. CT guided fistulography and colonoscopy with methylene blue and hydrogen peroxide injection into the fistula demonstrated no rectal connection. Surgical exploration was then performed, extracting a foreign body, corresponding to a piece of fabric. Complete closure of the external fistulous opening was achieved in two weeks. The final follow-up examination was performed one month after surgery.

Dynamic Models for Hydrogen Peroxide Control in Solar Photo-Fenton Systems

Simulations and real decomposition experiments with hydrogen peroxide induced by dissolved iron and solar illumination were performed in a solar pilot plant with compound parabolic collectors designed for photo-Fenton wastewater treatment. The structure of a gray-box linear model aimed at reproducing system dynamics with parameters dependent on operating conditions when operating around prescribed set-points is proposed. This simple model relates the changes in hydrogen peroxide concentration due to changes in hydrogen peroxide injection, dissolved iron, and solar illumination. Based on this model, control of the hydrogen peroxide concentration at set points between 200-900mg∕L±10mg∕L under dynamic conditions (simultaneous decomposition and addition of hydrogen peroxide by a dosage pump), was achieved. Different basic approaches for controller actuation upon the frequency of the dosage pump were tested, ranging from a simple PI controller to a PI controller plus antiwindup action and feedforward control. From these basic approaches, conclusions can be drawn about the process’s behavior under closed-loop control.

Production of hydrogen peroxide in rat corpus cavernosum: An on-line study with microvoltammetric electrodes

Continuous measurements were realized in rat corpus cavernosum using microvoltammetric captor. After inhibition of endothelial NO-synthase by l-NMA vasodilatation was induced by intracavernous injection of acetylcholine. Blood flow of rat penis was monitored by laser Doppler. A new peak appeared in reduction. It was identified as hydrogen peroxide by its peak potential, by intracavernous injection of hydrogen peroxide or catalase. Intracavernous injection of various pharmacological agents permitted to demonstrate that its origin was due to endothelial NAD(P)H oxidases. DPI inhibited its synthesis; NADH and NADPH enhanced it. Intracavernous injection of diethyldithiocarbamic acid gave the disappearance of hydrogen peroxide peak and appearance of the superoxide peak. This preliminary study showed that when the l-arginine pathway was inhibited, the NAD(P)H oxidase pathway functioned in rat corpus cavernosum for vasodilatation. To cite this article: A. Meulemans, C. R. Biologies 328 (2005).

Endoanal Ultrasound-Guided Surgery for Anal Fistula

Outcomes following surgical treatment of patients with anal fistula are related to eradication of tracts and the internal opening. In this study, the results of surgery based on endoanal ultrasound (EAUS) findings were evaluated. A total of 102 patients with primary cryptogenetic anal fistula were prospectively examined with EAUS, using a 360-degree rotating 10-MHz probe, equipped with a three-dimensional (3-D) imaging system. Injection of hydrogen peroxide through the external opening was also used. Patients underwent operation on the basis of the EAUS findings. The agreement between findings from EAUS and from surgery was calculated. Clinical results were reported as treatment success, fistula recurrence, and fecal incontinence. Amongst 102 patients, the overall concordance between EAUS and surgical findings was 94.1 % for primary tracts, 91.2 % for internal openings, 96.1 % for secondary tracts, 100 % for abscesses, and 96.1 % for horseshoe tracts. Diagnostic accuracy was improved when hydrogen peroxide injection or 3-D imaging were used. Fistulotomy was performed in 46 patients (45.1 %), fistulectomy in 17 (16.7 %), fistulotomy plus seton placement in 19 (18.6 %), fistulectomy plus seton in 18 (17.6 %), and mucosal flap advancement in 2 (2.0 %). The operation was curative in 100 patients (98.0 %), and unsuccessful in 2 (2.0 %) due to recurrence of the fistula. Fecal continence was preserved in all patients. These data highlight the diagnostic accuracy of EAUS, particularly when hydrogen peroxide injection or 3-D imaging are used. Basing our surgical decision making on EAUS findings allowed us to carry out curative operations in a significantly large number of patients; the recurrence rate was very low. The accurate EAUS assessment of the relationship between fistulas and sphincters has been the main factor in choosing a sphincter-saving surgical procedure, avoiding fecal incontinence.

Endosonographic evaluation of perianal fistulas and abscesses: comparison of two instruments and assessment of the role of hydrogen peroxide injection

The aims of this study were to compare the performance of a mechanical radial endosonoscope and an endorectal electronic probe and to evaluate the value of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) injection in the diagnosis of perianal fistulas. Sixty-one patients underwent clinical and endosonographic studies for suspected perianal fistulas or abscesses. Endosonography was performed using two instruments: a mechanical radial endosonoscope (Olympus GF-UM20) and an electronic endorectal probe (Hitachi EUP-R53). The patients were re-examined during and following H(2)O(2) injection using both systems. Thirty-seven fistulous tracts were visualized with the electronic endorectal probe versus only 9 with the mechanical radial endosonoscope. Four patients had anal stenosis, precluding the use of the larger electronic probe. Three fistulas were detected in these patients using the mechanical radial endosonoscope. H(2)O(2) injection was not feasible in 26 patients (43%). Visualization of 11 (31%) fistulas improved after administration of H(2)O(2). Six fistulous tracts not detected before H(2)O(2) administration were clearly visualized during injection and for several minutes thereafter. Work-up of perianal fistula should be preferably performed using the endorectal electronic probe. However, the mechanical radial endoscope is preferred in patients with anal stricture. H(2)O(2) injection should become an integral part of every sonographic study of perianal fistulas.

Venous Oxygen Embolism Produced by Injection of Hydrogen Peroxide into an Enterocutaneous Fistula

We report a venous oxygen embolism that occurred in a 66-yr-old man after 60 mL of 3% hydrogen peroxide was injected into a perianal fistula intraoperatively to locate its internal opening. The diagnosis was made after detecting hypoxemia, decreased end-tidal carbon dioxide tension, systemic hypotension, increased central venous pressure, and a new heart murmur. The patient recovered quickly and had no long-term sequelae. Oxygen embolism is a potentially fatal complication that can develop when hydrogen peroxide is used near venous spaces, and clinicians should be aware of the potential dangers when using this seemingly innocuous chemical.

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) evaluation of perianal fistulas: Comparing two probes and assessing the role of hydrogen peroxide injection

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) evaluation of perianal fistulas: Comparing two probes and assessing the role of hydrogen peroxide injection

How can the assessment of fistula-inano be improved?

Fistula-in-ano anatomy and its relationship with anal sphincters are important factors influencing the results of surgical management. Preoperative definition of fistulous track(s) and the internal opening play a primary role in minimizing iatrogenic damage to the sphincters and recurrence of the fistula. Physical examination and endoanal ultrasound (performed with a 10 MHz endoprobe), either conventionally or with an injection of hydrogen peroxide, were performed in 26 consecutive patients. Results were matched with surgical features to establish their accuracy in preoperative fistula-in-ano assessment. Accuracy rates of clinical examination endoanal ultrasound, and hydrogen peroxide-enhanced ultrasound were 65.4, 50, and 76.9 percent for primary tracks, 73.1, 65.4, and 88.5 percent for secondary tracks, and 80.8, 80.8, and 92.3 percent for horseshoe extensions, respectively. Compared with physical examination and endoanal ultrasound, accuracy of hydrogen peroxide-enhanced ultrasound was higher for transsphincteric and intersphincteric primary tracks and horseshoe extensions. Both endoanal ultrasound and hydrogen peroxide-enhanced ultrasound displayed a significantly higher accuracy in detecting the internal openings (53.8 and 53.8 percent, respectively) compared with clinical evaluation (23.1 percent; P = 0.027). Our data suggest that hydrogen peroxide-enhanced ultrasound can be very reliable and useful in the definition of fistula anatomy, its relationship with anal sphincters, and, hence, surgical strategy. It also improves identification of secondary extensions, particularly horseshoe tracks. This method, besides being safe, economic and reputable, both preoperatively and postoperatively, could be helpful in checking operative results and recurrence.

Sensor for Hydrogen Peroxide Based on Prussian Blue Modified Electrode: Improvement of the Operational Stability

Improvement of the operational stability of amperometric sensors based on Prussian Blue (PB) modified glassy carbon electrodes is presented. The long term performance of the sensors was evaluated by injection of hydrogen peroxide (5 µM in potassium buffer) solutions in a flow-injection system during a period of 5 ‐10 h. The following parameters were investigated and correlated with the performance of the sensor: the times for electrodeposition and electrochemical activation, temperature, storage time, pH, composition of the buffer solution and of volume sample injected. These analytical characteristics of the modified electrode can be emphasized: initial sensitivity of 0.3 A cm ‐2 M ‐1 , detection limit of ca. 0.5 µM, precise results (r.s.d.< 1.5%) and possibility to carry out around 50 samples (50 µL) per hour.

Exhaust Oxidation of Unburned Hydrocarbons from Lean-Burn Natural Gas Engines

Post cylinder oxidation of unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) was studied using a 35 kW lest engine. The engine was equipped with an insulated exhaust reactor to extend the residence time. The exhaust reactor performance has been characterised under the basic engine operating conditions, and under conditions where temperature and composition (NOx level) of the exhaust were modified independent of engine settings. The experiments studied spanned a wide range of moderately lean-bum conditions. The composition at the exhaust port was as follows: O2 5-9% (engine excess air ratios of 1.28-1.75), UHC 1000-7000 ppm, CO 550 ppm, NOx0-1400 ppm. The temperature varied from 600 to 700°C, In addition, experiments with injection of hydrogen peroxide to promote UHC oxidation in the exhaust system were conducted. The amount of UHC oxidised in the exhaust system depended closely on the exhaust temperature, residence time and concentration of nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas. The increased reaction time in the exhaust reactor caused an oxidation of the exhaust hydrocarbons of up to 90% with CO as the major oxidation product, but the reactor efficiency decreased as the engine was operated at leaner conditions, due to lower temperatures and lower NO, levels. Levels of nitrogen oxides above 300 ppm were shown to strongly promote the extent of UHC oxidation. Injection of hydrogen peroxide increased the degree of exhaust reactor oxidation and extended the oxidation further into the lean operation range. A field engine was tested at increased NOx levels, obtained by addition of ammonia to the air intake. No physical modifications of the engine or the settings were performed. The ammonia addition resulted in a reduction of unburned hydrocarbons by approximately 30% with CO2 as the major product. Due to the comparatively low temperature and short residence time of the field engine exhaust system, as well as the absence of CO production, the UHC reduction was attributed to processes occurring in the cylinder or exhaust port, rather than in the exhaust system. Similar levels of UHC reduction prior to the exhaust reactor were observed in the test engine. A detailed chemical kinetic model was used for simulation of the exhaust oxidation experiments. The modelling predictions were in fairly good agreement with the observations, confirming the catalytic role of NOx in the oxidation of hydrocarbons. The model was used to extrapolate the test engine results to conditions representative of co-generation engines and the practical implications are discussed.

Hydrogen Peroxide Injection Followed by Methylene Blue Into External Openings of Perianal Fistulae: A New Simple Method of Track Delineation

Hydrogen Peroxide Injection Followed by Methylene Blue Into External Openings of Perianal Fistulae: A New Simple Method of Track Delineation

Oxidative Processes Occurring When Pulsed High Voltage Discharges Degrade Phenol in Aqueous Solution

In this investigation, results obtained using a pulsed discharge for organic compound removal are presented. The degradation of phenol by a streamer corona discharge and spark discharge, the effects of hydrogen peroxide additive on removal efficiency, and photochemical oxidation by ultraviolet light from the discharge plasma channel were investigated. The intermediate products and final byproducts formed by the spark discharge were also studied. A preliminary study of the degradation mechanism inside and outside the plasma channel was carried out. It was found that the removal efficiency of organic contaminants in the aqueous solution was higher for the spark discharge than for the streamer corona discharge and was greatly influenced by the discharge type and additive. The energy efficiency was the highest (6.91 × 10-3 μmol/J) for the case with hydrogen peroxide injection and spark discharge. The main intermediate products produced by the spark discharge during the treatment process were hydroquinone, pyrocatechol, and p-benzoquinone. These intermediate products disappeared when the treatment time was increased.

A novel plasma reactor for NO/sub x/ control using photocatalyst and hydrogen peroxide injection

The authors have developed a new type of plasma reactor combining discharge plasma with a photocatalyst (TiO/sub 2/) which improves the performance of NO/sub x/ removal. This reactor is designated as a plasma-driven catalyst (PDC) reactor. The authors found that hydrogen peroxide (H/sub 2/O/sub 2/) is a very effective additive in this PDC reactor and the formation of undesirable by-product (such as O/sub 3/, N/sub 2/O) was reduced significantly. Comparative test results showed that the combination of discharge plasma with TiO/sub 2/ catalyst is a very effective method in NO/sub x/, removal over a conventional wire-cylinder reactor. NO/sub x/ was effectively oxidized to HNO/sub 3/ on the TiO/sub 2/ catalyst and trapped on the catalyst surface. Specific energy consumption of this de-NO/sub x/ process is significantly reduced, in particular, with the injection of H/sub 2/O/sub 2/.

オゾン／過酸化水素法におけるＴＯＣ除去に関する操作因子の影響と高効率システムの構築に関する検討

In this study, we focused on the ozone/hydrogen peroxide water treatment system, one of the advanced oxidation processes, which is expected to be applicable to the treatment of various kinds of waste water. We experimentally investigated the effect of operational parameters with a reaction system with single ozone contactor, and tried to determine the appropriate conditions for the high performance of the system. As the results of this research, we found the existence of the optimal value of overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient, the necessity of maintaining the concentrations of dissolved ozone and hydrogen peroxide in an appropriate range, and the importance of controlling the ozone dose for the high performance of the system. These results also suggested that multiple injection of ozone and hydrogen peroxide is effective fir the high performance. Thus, we have experimentally shown that the multiple injection system achieves higher TOC removal than the single injection system at the same doses of ozone and hydrogen peroxide.

The Economic Feasibility of Using Hydrogen Peroxide for the Enhanced Oxidation and Removal of Nitrogen Oxides from Coal-Fired Power Plant Flue Gases

ABSTRACT Research at the University of Central Florida has determined that the injection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into a simulated flue gas stream effectively oxidizes NO to NO2, and NO2 to HNO2 and HNO3. These oxides of nitrogen are much more soluble in water than NO, and therefore may be more easily scrubbed from the flue gas in a typical wet scrubber. Oxidation and NOx removal efficiencies of greater than 90% were demonstrated in the laboratory. An economic comparison between the H2O2 injection-wet scrubbing method and the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) method of NOx removal was conducted for a design base case and a variety of alternative cases. This study illustrates the trade-off between capital and operating costs for the two alternatives. The single largest factor in determining whether the total cost of the H2O2 injection-wet scrubbing method compares favorably with the total cost of the SCR method is the H2O2:NOx molar ratio. At the H2O2:NOx molar ratio demonstrated in the laboratory (1.92:1.0), the H2O2 injection-wet scrubbing method of NOx removal was shown to be uneconomical. However, the molar ratio in a full-size coal-fired power plant could be lower than that found in the laboratory. Based on all the cost assumptions stated in this article, at a molar ratio of 1.37:1.0, the hydrogen peroxide injection method was calculated to be an economically feasible alternative to the SCR method for NOx control