Hydrochloride Solution Research Articles

Rhodococcus in foal, from diagnosis to treatment: Case report

The present work reports a case of a foal affected by Rhodococcus equi, an optional intracellular gram-positive pleomorphic cocobacillus, which, when eliminated with the feces of infected animals, in the soil becomes a potential pathogen, capable of causing mainly piogranulomatous bronchopneumonia. The animal, a 23-day-old Brazilian equestrian foal, was sent to the veterinary hospital with hyperthermia, increased heart and respiratory rates, crackle in tracheal auscultation, loss of appetite and prostration. After hematological, ultrasound, radiographic examinations, and collection of tracheal lavages for culture and PCR, the definitive diagnosis of rhodococcosis was obtained, which is a bacterial disease that mainly affects foals, has a worldwide distribution and has a great economic impact on equine culture. Based on the results, treatment with azithromycin, rifampin, flunixin meglumine, sucralfate, ranitidine hydrochloride and amoxicillin with clavulanate was instituted, associated with nebulization with acetylcysteine diluted to 0.9% sodium hydrochloride solution. After a few weeks, there was no evolution in the results of the ultrasound and radiographic exams, however the hematological exams were within the reference levels, there was a significant clinical improvement, and the animal was discharged. It is noteworthy that early diagnosis was essential for the effectiveness of treatment and remission of clinical signs. Keywords: rhodococcosis; foals; rhodococcus equi.

Preparation and Characterization of Reduced Graphene Oxide /TiO2 Blended Polyphenylene sulfone Antifouling Composite Membrane With Improved Photocatalytic Degradation Performance.

Nanosized titanium oxide (TiO2)-based photocatalysts have exhibited great potential for the degradation of organic contaminants, while their weak absorption of visible light limits the photocatalytic efficiency. Herein, a novel reduced graphene oxide/TiO2-polyphenylenesulfone (rGO/TiO2-PPSU) hybrid ultrafiltration membrane has been successfully prepared via a non-solvent induced phase-separation method, in which the synergistic coupling between the rGO and TiO2 could endowed the fabricated membranes with visible-light-driven efficient photocatalytically degradation of organic pollutants and outstanding photocatalytic and antifouling properties. Compared with the PPSU membranes prepared with Graphene oxide and TiO2, respectively, the rGO/TiO2-PPSU membrane demonstrated significant photodegradation towards phenazopyridine hydrochloride (PhP) solution under ultraviolet light (improved about 71 and 43%) and visible light (improved about 153 and 103%). The permeability and flux recovery rates of the membrane indicated that the high flux of the rGO/TiO2-PPSU membrane can be greatly restored after fouling, due to the improved self-cleaning properties under visible light static irradiation. With the properties of high performance of photocatalytic degradation and good self-cleaning ability, the rGO/TiO2-PPSU membrane would have great potential in water treatment.

Efficacy of fascia iliaca nerve block in daily routine for children with femoral fractures in a pediatric emergency department

ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate the efficacy of fascia iliaca nerve block (FINB), routinely used for children with femoral fractures, in a pediatric emergency department (PED). MethodsThis retrospective, single-center, observational study examined FINB using ropivacaine and a 1% lidocaine hydrochloride solution, in all patients under 18 years of age admitted with a femoral fracture from January 2012 to December 2016. Pain was assessed using two validated pediatric pain scales: EVENDOL or a visual analog scale. A level of ≥ 4 on either scale indicates the need for an analgesic. The primary outcome was the percentage of patients who were pain free after the FINB procedure defined by a pain score of < 4. Secondary outcomes were the time spent between PED admission and FINB, the need of additional analgesics, side effects, and the success rate of FINB. ResultsOf 161 patients screened, 144 were included. The median age was 3.2 years (range 2 months to 16 years) and 74% were boys. The number of children determined to be pain free (pain score < 4) increased from 36 (25%) before the FINB to 123 (85%) after the FINB (absolute risk difference 60%, 95% CI: 51%–70%). Overall, 21 children (15%) required a second analgesic after the FINB. ConclusionThe routine use of FINB with ropivacaine and lidocaine by pediatric ED physicians provided effective pain relief for children admitted for a femoral fracture in the emergency department. Our data support the efficiency and feasibility of FINB for the antalgic management of children with femoral fracture.

Probing the Internal Dynamics and Shape of Simple Peptides in Urea, Guanidinium Hydrochloride, and Proline Solutions with Time-Resolved Fluorescence Anisotropy and Atomistic Cosolvent Simulations.

Picosecond time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy was used to measure the effect of denaturants and osmolytes on the reorientation dynamics of the simplest dipeptide. The solvent denaturants guanidinium hydrochloride (gdm), urea, and the osmolyte proline were used at several concentrations. Analysis of the concentration dependence of denaturants at a fixed temperature showed faster and slower reorientation time in two different denaturants at a nearly identical solvent viscosity (η). The reorientation time τ significantly deviates from Kramers' theory (τ ∝ η1) in the high friction limit for guanidinium and urea with r ≈ 0.4 and r ≈ 0.6 at pH 7.2, respectively. In proline, τ is nearly proportional to η. Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of the dipeptide in identical cosolvents showed excellent agreement with the measured rotational orientation time. The dipeptide dihedral (ϕ, ψ) isomerization times in water and 6 M urea are almost identical and significantly slower in guanidinium. If a faster and slower reorientation time can be associated with the compact and expanded shapes, the fractional viscosity dependence for guanidinium and urea may result from the fact that internal dynamics of peptides in these cosolvents involve higher and lower internal friction within the dynamic elements.

Studies on molecular interactions of l-histidine/l-serine in aqueous diphenhydramine hydrochloride solutions at various temperatures: Volumetric, ultrasonic and viscometric approach

Thermophysical properties for varying concentrations of essential (L-histidine) and non-essential (L-serine) amino acids in water and (0.05–0.15) mol kg−1 mixed aqueous diphenhydramine hydrochloride solvent system has been deliberated at different temperatures ranging (293.15−318.15) K and ambient pressure (101.3 kPa). The experimentally obtained data has been utilized to compute different volumetric, compressibility and rheological parameters such as apparent molar volume (Vϕ), partial molar volume (V0ф), partial molar expansibility (E0ϕ), apparent molar isentropic compression (Kϕ,s), partial molar isentropic compression (K0ϕ,s), hydration number (nH), transfer parameters, viscosity coefficients etc. The structure breaking ability of the solute molecules has been comprehended using Hepler′s constant (temperature derivative of partial molar expansibility at constant pressure) and dB/dT (temperature derivative of viscosity B-coefficient) values. Further, by using the co-sphere overlap model various sorts of solute-drug interactions prevailing in the systems have been discussed.

Preliminary study on mechanism of electroacupuncture with the involvement of SERCA2a/PLB on the synergistic and attenuated effect of aconitine in treatment of heart failure

To investigate the mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) with the involvement of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase2a (SERCA2a)/phospholamban (PLB) on the synergistic and attenuated effect of aconitine for heart failure. Thirty SPF-ranked SD rats were randomly divided into a control group, a model group, an EA group, an aconitine group and an EA plus aconitine group, with 6 rats in each group. The rat model of acute heart failure was established by infusion of high-dose propranolol hydrochloride solution into the right femoral vein. After stabilized for 10 min in the modeled rats, EA was exerted at "Neiguan" (PC 6), with disperse-dense wave, 2 Hz/15 Hz in frequency, 3 mA in intensity, for 30 min in the EA group and the EA plus aconitine group; aconitine solution (10 μg/kg) was injected from the left femoral veins in the rats in the aconitine group and the EA plus aconitine group. Hemodynamic indexes such as the left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and the maximum rate of increase/decrease of left ventricular pressure (±dp/dtmax) were detected and arrhythmia types were observed and scored. SERCA2a protein and PLB protein expressions in left ventricular myocardial tissue of rats were detected by multiplex fluorescence Western blot. Compared with the control group, LVSP and ±dp/dtmax all were decreased after modeling and at each time point after intervention in the model group (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, ±dp/dtmax was increased in the aconitine group and the EA group at 1 min after intervention (P<0.01, P<0.05), +dp/dtmax was increased at 10 to 60 min after intervention in the aconitine group and at 20 to 60 min after intervention in the EA group (P<0.01, P<0.05), LVSP was increased at 1 min after intervention in the EA group (P<0.01), while LVSP and ±dp/dtmax were all increased at 1 to 60 min after intervention in the EA plus aconitine group (P<0.01, P<0.05). Compared with the aconitine group, LVSP and +dp/dtmax were increased at 1 min after intervention in the EA group (P<0.01, P<0.05), LVSP and ±dp/dtmax at 1 min after intervention while +dp/dtmax at 20 to 60 min after intervention were all increased in the EA plus aconitine group (P<0.01, P<0.05). Compared with the EA group, +dp/dtmax was higher at 10 to 60 min after intervention in the EA plus aconitine group (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, arrhythmia score was higher in the aconitine group (P<0.01). Compared with the aconitine group, arrhythmia score was lower in the EA group and the EA plus aconitine group (P<0.01). As compared with the control group, the expression of SERCA2a protein in the left ventricular cardiomyocytes was decreased (P<0.01), while the expression of PLB protein was increased in the model group (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the expression of SERCA2a protein was increased in both the EA group and the EA plus aconitine group (P<0.05, P<0.01), and PLB protein expression was decreased in each intervention group respectively (P<0.01, P<0.05). As compared with the EA group and the aconitine group, the expression of SERCA2a protein was increased and the expression of PLB protein was decreased in the EA plus aconitine group separately (P<0.05, P<0.01). The intervention with electroacupuncture achieves the synergism/ attenuation effect of aconitine for the improvements in heart failure probably by up-regulating the expression of SERCA2a and down-regulating the expression of PLB in myocardial tissue.

Patient perceptions of the use of cocaine in sinonasal surgery.

Medicinal cocaine has been used as a local anaesthetic since the 1880s, and the alkaloid is one of the first recorded anaesthetic agents. Some rhinologists use cocaine for its vasoconstriction properties to improve the endoscopic field of vision by reducing bleeding during endoscopic sinus surgery. The European Medicines Compendium advises on a maximum dose of 1.5mg/kg in fit adults (topical mucosal Cocaine Hydrochloride Solution 10% w/v) (1) (2). The addition of adrenaline will reduce systemic absorption of cocaine, lowering the solution's toxicity while simultaneously offering more significant local vasoconstriction (3). Increasing the solution's pH via sodium bicarbonate increases the anaesthetic properties while having no effect on toxicity. A solution of cocaine, adrenaline and sodium bicarbonate is eponymously termed Moffett's (4).

Removal of organic contaminants from wastewater with GO/MOFs composites.

Graphene oxide/metal-organic frameworks (GO/MOFs) have been prepared via solvothermal synthesis with ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, zirconium acetate and terephthalic acid for the purpose of removing organic pollutants from wastewater. The composites were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectrometry, and XRD. Tetracycline hydrochloride and orange II were implemented as model pollutants to evaluate the efficacy of the GO/MOFs in water purification, in which 50 mg of Zr/Fe-MOFs/GO was mixed with 100 mL of 10 mg/L, 20 mg/L, 30 mg/L, or 50 mg/L tetracycline hydrochloride solution and 25 mg/L, 35 mg/L, 45 mg/L, or 60 mg/L orange II solution, respectively. The removal efficacy after 4 hours was determined to be 96.1%, 75.8%, 55.4%, and 30.1%, and 98.8%, 91.9%, 71.1%, and 66.2%, respectively. The kinetics of pollutant removal was investigated for both tetracycline hydrochloride and orange II and excellent correlation coefficients of greater than 0.99 were obtained. The high efficacy of these MOFs in pollutant removal, coupled with their inexpensive preparation indicates the feasibility of their implementation in strategies for treating waste liquid. As such, it is anticipated that Zr/Fe-MOFs/GO composites will be widely applied in wastewater purification.

Assessment the Genotoxic Potential of Fluoxetine and Amitriptyline at Maximum Therapeutic Doses for Four-Week Treatment in Experimental Male Rats

Abstract &#x0D; At any moment, the continuous usage of medications can accompanied by DNA damage and the accumulation of such damages can cause serious consequences. Antidepressants are long-term used drugs and the incidence of their genotoxic impacts cannot be excluded. Therefore, this work was designed to investigate the possible genotoxic effects of the commonly used antidepressants (fluoxetine and amitriptyline) in adult male rats.&#x0D; Detection of DNA damage in individual cells was assessed by comet and micronucleus assays in three different cell populations i.e. liver, testis and bone marrow tissues of 24 swiss albino adult male rats. The animals were randomly allocated into three groups of 8 rats each: Group I - rats orally-administered distilled water via gavage tube for four weeks as a negative control. Group II - rats orally-treated with fluoxetine hydrochloride solution (7.2mg/kg/day) via gavage tube for four weeks. Group III - rats orally-treated with amitriptyline hydrochloride solution (27mg/kg/day) via gavage tube for four weeks.&#x0D; The results showed that both drugs (Group II and Group III) induced the same extent of DNA damage, as evidenced by a significantly higher DNA fragmentation in liver and testis tissues with increased frequencies of micronuclei formation in bone marrow tissues as compared with the negative control (Group I).&#x0D; These findings indicates that both Fluoxetine and Amitriptyline have genotoxic potentials and can induce the same extent of cytogenetic damage in rats. Special precautions and medical supervision should be taken in consideration with their uses.

Oxygen vacancy-enriched Bi2O3/BiFeO3 p-n heterojunction nanofibers with highly efficient photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation

The construction of heterojunctions is considered an effective way to improve the photocatalytic performance of bismuth-based photocatalysts. In this research, Bi2O3/BiFeO3 heterojunction nanofibers with rich oxygen vacancies were successfully synthesized via the in-situ growth of Bi2O3 nanosheets on the surface of BiFeO3 nanofibers, and were then reduced in N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) via the solvothermal method for different times. The composite ratios and oxygen vacancy concentrations were then systematically optimized. The optimal composite with the molar ratio of BiFeO3:Bi2O3 = 1:1 and solvothermally reducted in DMF for 3 h was found to completely degrade the tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) solution within 120 min, and its photodegradation rate was 8.7 and 5.4 times higher than those of pure BiFeO3 and Bi2O3, respectively. The enhancement can be ascribed to the synergistic effect of the p-n heterojunction formed at the interface and oxygen vacancies produced on the surface, which significantly increased the absorption of visible light, inhibited the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, and accelerated the separation and transfer of photogenerated charges. Moreover, the obtained oxygen vacancy-enriched Bi2O3/BiFeO3 heterojunction nanofibers exhibited good cyclic stability and magnetic separation capability, and therefore have potential applications in practical sewage treatment.

Andrographolide protects against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats through inhibition of L-type Ca2+ and increase of cardiac transient outward K+ currents

Myocardial infarction (MI) is the irreversible injury of the myocardium caused by prolonged myocardial ischemia and is a major cause of heart failure and eventual death among ischemic patients. The present study assessed the protective potentials of andrographolide against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats. Animals were randomly divided into four groups: Control (Ctr) group received 0.9% saline solution once daily for 21 days, Isoproterenol (Iso) group received 0.9% saline solution once daily for 19 days followed by 80 mg/kg/day of isoproterenol hydrochloride solution on day 20 and 21, Andrographolide (Andro) group received 20 mg/kg/day of andrographolide for 21 days, and Andrographolide plus Isoproterenol (Andro + Iso) group received 20 mg/kg/day of andrographolide for 21 days with co-administration of 80 mg/kg/day of isoproterenol hydrochloride solution on day 20 and 21. After all treatments, cardiac-specific parameters that define cardiac health and early subacute MI were measured in all groups using both biophysical and pharmacological assay methods. Isoproterenol administration significantly (P < 0.05) increased cardiac mass indexes, systemic cardiac biomarkers, infarct size and caused cardiac histological alterations; significantly (P < 0.05) increased heart rate, QRS & QTc intervals and caused ST-segment elevation; significantly (P < 0.05) increased myocytes shortening, action potential duration (APD), L-type Ca2+ current (ICa,L) density and significantly (P < 0.05) decreased transient outward K+ current (Ito) density typical of the early subacute MI. Interestingly, pretreatment with andrographolide prevented and or minimized these anomalies, notably, by reducing ICa,L density and increasing Ito density significantly. Therefore, andrographolide could be seen as a promising therapeutic agent capable of making the heart resistant to early subacute infarction and it could be used as template for the development of semisynthetic drug(s) for cardiac protection against MI.

Mesoporous Silica-Bioglass Composite Pellets as Bone Drug Delivery System with Mineralization Potential.

For decades, local bone drug delivery systems have been investigated in terms of their application in regenerative medicine. Among them, inorganic polymers based on amorphous silica have been widely explored. In this work, we combined two types of amorphous silica: bioglass and doxycycline-loaded mesoporous silica MCM-41 into the form of spherical granules (pellets) as a bifunctional bone drug delivery system. Both types of silica were obtained in a sol-gel method. The drug adsorption onto the MCM-41 was performed via adsorption from concentrated doxycycline hydrochloride solution. Pellets were obtained on a laboratory scale using the wet granulation-extrusion-spheronization method and investigated in terms of physical properties, drug release, antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, mineralization properties in simulated body fluid, and cytotoxicity towards human osteoblasts. The obtained pellets were characterized by satisfactory mechanical properties which eliminated the risk of pellets cracking during further investigations. The biphasic drug release from pellets was observed: burst stage (44% of adsorbed drug released within the first day) followed by prolonged release with zero-order kinetics (estimated time of complete drug release was 19 days) with maintained antimicrobial activity. The progressive biomimetic apatite formation on the surface of the pellets was observed. No cytotoxic effect of pellets towards human osteoblasts was noticed.

Effect of NaCl and KCl on volumetric and acoustic behavior of aqueous Creatinine Hydrochloride solutions at T = (288.15–318.15) K

Systematic measurements of density and speed of sound of Creatinine Hydrochloride in aqueous and in aqueous solutions of 0.06 mol∙kg−1 NaCl/KCl and 0.1 mol∙kg−1 NaCl/KCl were carried out at T = (288.15–318.15) K within the concentration range of (0.03 to 0.1) mol∙kg−1. All the measurements were performed for density and speed of sound simultaneously on Anton Paar DSA 5000 M. The density ρ and speed of sound u were employed to calculate the various derived parameters such as apparent molar volume of solute Vϕ, limiting apparent molar volume of solute Vϕ0, limiting apparent molar expansivity Eϕ0, thermal expansion coefficient α∗, isentropic compressibility κs, apparent molar isentropic compressibility Ks,ϕ, limiting apparent molar compressibility Ksϕ0. The trends of variation of experimental and computed parameters have been discussed in terms of hydrophilic-ionic group interactions and hydrophilic-hydrophilic interactions operative in the systems.

Off-Label Use and Safety of Drug Use in Vascular Anomalies

Background: Off-label drug use is associated with an increased risk of adverse drug reactions. It is common in pediatrics and in rare diseases, which are two characteristics applying to vascular anomalies (VA). Objectives: The aim of this work was to quantify off-label drug use in VA and assess its safety. Methods: A review was conducted to extract a list of drugs used in VA management. A drug was considered to have significant safety concerns if a black box warning was present or if a serious adverse drug reaction (SADR) was reported in at least 1% of the patients (SADR is defined as a noxious and unintended response to a drug that occurs at any dose and results in hospitalization, prolongation of existing hospitalization, congenital malformation, persistent or significant disability or incapacity, life-threatening condition, or death). The labelling status and safety of each drug was assessed based on the product monograph, Micromedex, and the FDA data. Results: We found that 98.9% of the inventoried drugs were used off-label or unlicensed for VA management. Only the oral solution of propranolol hydrochloride (Hemangeol®) for the treatment of infantile hemangiomas is approved. Significant safety issues concerned 73% of the drugs and were more frequent among systemic than locally delivered drugs. Conclusions: Off-label drug use in VA is the rule and not the exception. Significant safety concerns are common. It is necessary to carefully weigh risk and benefits for every patient when using systemic and local treatments carrying safety concerns. Patients should be openly informed and involved in the decision-making process.

Nanogels with High Loading of Anesthetic Nanocrystals for Extended Duration of Sciatic Nerve Block.

The development of thermoresponsive nanogels loaded with nanocrystals of the local anesthetic bupivacaine nanocrystals (BNCs) for prolonged peripheral nerve pain relief is reported here. BNCs were prepared using the antisolvent precipitation method from the hydrophobic form of bupivacaine (bupivacaine free base). The as-prepared BNCs were used stand-alone or encapsulated in temperature-responsive poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA)-based nanogels, resulting in bupivacaine NC-loaded nanogels (BNC-nanogels) of monodisperse size. The synthesis protocol has rendered high drug loadings (i.e., 93.8 ± 1.5 and 84.8 ± 1.2 wt % for the NC and BNC-nanogels, respectively) and fast drug dissolution kinetics in the resulting composite material. In vivo tests demonstrated the efficacy of the formulation along with an extended duration of sciatic nerve block in murine models of more than 8 h with a formulation containing only 2 mg of the local anesthetic thanks to the thermoresponsive character of the polymer, which, at body temperature, becomes hydrophobic and acts as a diffusion barrier for the encapsulated drug nanocrystals. The hydrophobicity of the encapsulated bupivacaine free base probably facilitates its pass through cell membranes and also binds strongly to their hydrophobic lipid bilayer, thereby protecting molecules from diffusion to extracellular media and to the bloodstream, reducing their clearance. When using BNC-nanogels, the duration of the anesthetic blockage lasted twice as long as compared to the effect of just BNCs or a conventional bupivacaine hydrochloride solution both containing equivalent amounts of the free drug. Results of the in vivo tests showed enough sensory nerve block to potentially relieve pain, but still having mobility in the limb, which enables motor function when required. The BNC-nanogels presented minimal toxicity in the in vivo study due to their sustained drug release and excellent biocompatibility. The encapsulation of nano-sized crystals of bupivacaine provides a prolonged regional anesthesia with reduced toxicity, which could be advantageous in the management of chronic pain.

Structure of Cardamine hupingshanensis No. 2 Polysaccharide (CHP‐2) and Its Effect on Streptozotocin‐induced Diabetic Rats

AbstractFour new types of water‐soluble polysaccharides are isolated from Cardamine hupingshanensis. Herein, this study examines C. hupingshanensis polysaccharide no. 2 (CHP‐2) with a molecular weight of 21.75 kDa. Analysis revealed that CHP‐2 is composed of d‐glucuronic acid, d‐galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, and L‐arabinose. It is speculated that the main connecting bond is →4)‐α‐D‐Glc(p)‐(1→), →t)‐α‐D‐Glcp‐(1→). Through perfusion experiments using streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats, oral CHP‐2 solution is found to significantly reduce food intake, water intake, and fasting blood glucose levels, while increasing the weights of rats. In addition, CHP‐2 significantly reduces the serum and liver malondialdehyde contents and increases the activity of the corresponding antioxidant enzymes. Moreover, the effect elicited by the CHP‐2 solution is similar to that of phenformin hydrochloride solution. Hence, the results of this study suggest that CHP‐2 exhibits blood sugar‐lowering and anti‐oxidation effects.

Using pentoxifylline, arginine hydrochloride, levocarnitine and rheosorbilact solutions for correction of fetoplacental dysfunction in pregnant women with preeclampsia

Annotation. As of today, there is no effective method for treating the fetoplacental dysfunction (FPD) in pregnant women with preeclampsia. The aim of research was the study of the method proposed by the authors for restoring the functional activity of the fetoplacental complex in pregnant women with FPD on the background of treatment of preeclampsia. А randomized controlled study of the effect proposed treatment (intravenous solution of pentoxifylline; solution containing arginine hydrochloride and levocarnitine; rheosorbilact) of 37 pregnant women at 35-40 weeks of gestation with FPD on the background of moderate preeclampsia, was performed. Such ultrasound doppler measurements have been studied: systolic-diastolic ratio, resistance index, pulsation index in the umbilical arteries, right and left uterine arteries, fetal middle cerebral artery, fetal internal carotid artery and fetal aorta before and after the performed treatment. Statistics were processed using LibreOffice Calc (Mozilla Public License v 2.0), adapted for medical and biological research. We used nonparametric Wilcoxon criteria, Mann-Whitney criteria at a significance level of p &lt;0.05. After the performed treatment, stabilization of the fetoplacental blood circulation in women of the main group was observed, which manifested by decrease in S/D in umbilical artery in 1.3 times, in the left uterine artery in 1.4 times and in the fetal aorta in 1,1 times, and decrease in RI indices in the umbilical artery in 1.1 times, in the right uterine artery in 1.3 times, and increase in the middle cerebral artery in 1.4 times. So, in the course of the proposed treatment, the restoration of the blood flow velocity and the stabilization of vascular resistance in uterine arteries and the umbilical artery were observed in the women of the main group. The research of the possibility of using the above methodology in earlier gestational age and in the risk group for the prevention of preeclampsia is prospective and requires further attention.

Morphology of GNAT3-immunoreactive chemosensory cells in the nasal cavity and pharynx of the rat.

Solitary chemosensory cells and chemosensory cell clusters are distributed in the pharynx and larynx. In the present study, the morphology and reflexogenic function of solitary chemosensory cells and chemosensory cell clusters in the nasal cavity and pharynx were examined using immunofluorescence for GNAT3 and electrophysiology. In the nasal cavity, GNAT3-immunoreactive solitary chemosensory cells were widely distributed in the nasal mucosa, particularly in the cranial region near the nostrils. Solitary chemosensory cells were also observed in the nasopharynx. Solitary chemosensory cells in the nasopharyngeal cavity were barrel like or slender in shape with long lateral processes within the epithelial layer to attach surrounding ciliated epithelial cells. Chemosensory cell clusters containing GNAT3-immunoreactive cells were also detected in the pharynx. GNAT3-immunoreactive cells gathered with SNAP25-immunoreactive cells in chemosensory clusters. GNAT3-immunoreactive chemosensory cells were in close contact with a few SP- or CGRP-immunoreactive nerve endings. In the pharynx, GNAT3-immunoreactive chemosensory cells were also attached to P2X3-immunoreactive nerve endings. Physiologically, the perfusion of 10mM quinine hydrochloride (QHCl) solution induced ventilatory depression. The QHCl-induced reflex was diminished by bilateral section of the glossopharyngeal nerve, suggesting autonomic reflex were evoked by chemosensory cells in pharynx but not in nasal mucosa. The present results indicate that complex shape of nasopharyngeal solitary chemosensory cells may contribute to intercellular communication, and pharyngeal chemosensory cells may play a role in respiratory depression.

P0660 / #2106: COMPATIBILITY BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY OF VANCOMYCIN HYDROCHLORIDE AND SODIUM HEPARIN USED IN CENTRAL LINES ANTIMICROBIAL LOCK THERAPY

Aims & Objectives: To verify compatibility of vancomycin hydrochloride in association with sodium heparin, according to the influence of time and temperature. Methods: Experimental study, simulating the clinical practice of antimicrobial lock in central intravenous lines performed in severely ill children. The concentration was analyzed in triplicate by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The analytical method was validated. Drugs concentrations were 5mg/mL of vancomycin hydrochloride and 100U.I./mL of sodium heparin in saline solutions. The sample consisted of 06 solutions (03 at 22°C and 03 at 37°C) maintained in the absence of light. The HPLC analyzes occurred at times zero (T0), 3 (T3), 8 (T8) and 24 (T24) hours resulting in 72 chromatograms. Results: The vancomycin hydrochloride and sodium heparin solutions at 22°C resulted in a reduction (p < 0.001) of vancomycin hydrochloride concentration in 24 hours (4.82±0.08mg/mL; 96.34±1.70%); the same solution at 37°C resulted in vancomycin hydrochloride lower concentrations (p=0.001) since the initial moment of drugs association (T0=4.75±0.09mg/mL or 94.91±1.76%; T3=4.76±0.06mg/mL or 95.12±1.29%; T8=4.75±0.16mg/mL or 95.05±3.15%; T24=4.85±0.06mg/mL or 96.94±1.23%). During drugs association, at both temperatures, precipitate formation was observed after three hours. Conclusions: The concentration of vancomycin hydrochloride associated to sodium heparin presented variations below 10% leading to the conclusion of chemical compatibility until 24 hours. The solutions showed physical incompatibility after 3 hours of drugs association.

A sustainable castor oil-based agro formulation with cartap hydrochloride for potential control of pathogenic Xanthomonas oryzae in Oryza sativa L.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to synthesize a castor oil-based matrix (COBM) for preparing a castor oil-based agro-formulation with cartap hydrochloride for controlling Xanthomonas oryzae, a rice pathogen. Methodology: Physio-chemical analysis of castor oil and constituents of fatty acid methyl esters were carried out by standard methods. Castor oil base matrix, with standardised ratio of oil: alkyl polyglucoside emulsifier (Simulgreen), was first synthesised, then ultrasonicated for size reduction and further tested for its stability. It was also characterised by thermal analysis and by optical microscopy. This base matrix and cartap hydrochloride were used to prepare an agro formulation. The activity of this agro formulation, against Xanthomonas oryzae (GenBank Accession number-VITXO MK547277.1), previously isolated from an agricultural paddy field in Vellore district (12.9165ºN, 79.1325ºE), was studied by well diffusion method using standard protocols. Results: Physio-chemical analysis revealed favourable characteristics for castor oil. Thermal analysis and optical polarised microscopic studies showed the presence of liquid crystals in the formulated base matrix. Its agro-formulation with cartap hydrochloride showed 22 mm zone of inhibition against the isolated Xanthomonas oryzae. However, aqueous solution of cartap hydrochloride showed a 13 mm zone of inhibition only, when tested at a similar concentration (2000 ppm), by well diffusion studies. Interpretation: The liquid crystal containing base matrix facilitated slow and sustained release of cartap hydrochloride from the castor oil-based agro-formulation to achieve good activity against Xanthomonas oryzae. Key words: Agro formulation, Cartap hydrochloride, Castor oil, Oryza sativa, Simulgreen, Xanthomonas oryzae