Hydrogel Patch Research Articles

Chitosan/agarose hydrogel dressing: pH response real-time monitoring and chemo-/photodynamic therapy synergistic treatment of infected wounds

The early diagnosis and real-time monitoring of bacterial infections are of great significance for the establishment of integrated diagnosis and treatment systems. In this study, a pH-responsive smart hydrogel patch system, named CABP, was developed to monitor and treat wound infections. CABP has a sandwich structure, with non-woven fabric/chitosan (NF/CS) as the intermediate skeleton layer, Agarose/chitosan/Bromothymol Blue (AG/CS/BTB) hydrogel as the detection layer, and Agarose/chitosan/phthalocyanine (AG/CS/Pc) hydrogel as the treatment layer. When Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection occurs, the pH of the environment decreases, which triggers the CABP to change from its original blue color to yellow, achieving an intuitive visual transformation. Moreover, the hydrogel patch showed a significant inhibition rate of up to 99.99971 % against S. aureus under 660 nm light radiation, showing a good photodynamic therapy (PDT)/ chemotherapy (CT) synergistic effect. In addition, CABP showed excellent antibacterial and wound healing effects on S. aureus infection in a full-layer skin defect experiment. In short, the patch system is simple to prepare and easy to use, and can provide important research value for the integrated diagnosis and treatment system in biomedical applications.

Capillary-osmotic wearable patch based on lateral flow assay for sweat potassium analysis

This paper reports a simple, disposable, and wearable patch inspired by lateral flow assay (LFA) that can continuously and non-invasively sample sweat for colorimetric sensing of potassium (K+). K+ is an important biomarker for healthy cardiovascular and neuromuscular functions of the body. Current techniques for K+ sensing in sweat commonly use ion-selective electrodes that require complex fabrication steps, signal drift issues, and active perspiration for continuous operation. Here, the sensor uses passive osmotic-capillary principles to collect sweat from the skin without the need of external power for sampling. A skin-mounted hydrogel patch equilibrated with glucose and glycerin solutions can extract fluid from the skin at rest because of the high osmotic strength of the hydrogel compared to sweat. The gel delivers fluid to a commercial colorimetric assay via a paper strip. The assay contains the reagent dipicrylamine which is selective to K+. On-body human trials prove that these patches function with low sweat volumes (∼2–3 µL) and measure K+ concentration in sweat extracted both during exercise and rest. The sweat potassium concentration is independent of the sweat rate and its magnitude matches that of blood. Such economical patches could open opportunities for at-home or in-field point-of-care (POC) diagnostics.

Lubricating adhesive hyaluronate patch promotes cartilage regeneration and functional restoration in osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic degenerative joint disease characterized by gradual deterioration and pain. Viscosupplementation, involving hyaluronic acid (HA) injection into the affected joint, is a minimally invasive option to reduce pain by improving joint lubrication and potentially avoiding the need for replacement surgery. However, the low adhesion and rapid degradation of HA often lead to inadequate therapeutic effects. In this study, we present lubricating adhesive HA-based hydrogel patches designed to effectively treat OA. The HA patches, modified with pyrogallol, have high elastic and compressive moduli, delaying degradation when exposed to external stimuli. Furthermore, they securely adhere to cartilage tissue surfaces and efficiently lubricate damaged cartilage, leading to a reduced friction and wear. In addition to these benefits, our HA patches exhibit scavenging effect of reactive oxygen species and sustainably release an encapsulated anti-inflammatory drug (dexamethasone: Dex). These features further enhance their therapeutic potential for OA treatment. In a mouse OA model, the hydrogel patches loaded with Dex promote healing of damaged cartilage and restore its motor function. Overall, our bioinspired HA hydrogel patches present a promising treatment option for managing the debilitating joint disease by offering enhanced adhesion, lubrication for cartilage protection, antioxidant effect, and sustained drug release.

The Preparation and Evaluation of a Hydrochloride Hydrogel Patch with an Iontophoresis-Assisted Release of Terbinafine for Transdermal Delivery.

Background: Terbinafine hydrochloride (TEB) is a broad-spectrum antifungal medication commonly used to treat fungal infections of the skin. This study designed a hydrogel patch assisted by an iontophoresis system to enhance the transdermal permeability of TEB, enabling deeper penetration into the skin layers. Methods: The influences of current intensity, pH levels, and drug concentration on the TEB hydrogel patch's permeability were explored using an adaptive ion electroosmosis system. The pharmacokinetic profile, facilitated by iontophoresis for transdermal permeation, was analyzed through the application of microdialysis technology. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were employed to assess the impact of ion electroosmotic systems on skin integrity. Results: The cumulative drug accumulation within 8 h of the TEB hydrogel patches, assisted by iontophoresis, was 2.9 and 7.9 times higher than without iontophoresis assistance and TEB cream in the control group, respectively. TEB hydrogel patches assisted by iontophoresis can significantly increase the permeability of TEB, and the AUC(0-8 h) was 3.4 and 5.4 times higher, while the Cmax was 4.2 and 7.3 times higher than the TEB hydrogel patches without iontophoresis, respectively. This system has no significant impact on deep-layer cells. Conclusions: This system may offer a safe and effective clinical strategy for the local treatment of deep antifungal infections.

Programmable Microfluidic‐Assisted Highly Conductive Hydrogel Patches for Customizable Soft Electronics

AbstractThe utilization of hydrogels in soft electronics has led to significant progress in the field of wearable and implantable devices. However, challenges persist in hydrogel electronics, including the delicate equilibrium between stretchability and electrical conductivity, intricacies in miniaturization, and susceptibility to dehydration. Here, a lignin‐polyacrylamide (Ag‐LPA) hydrogel composite endowed with anti‐freeze, self‐adhesive, exceptional water retention properties, and high stretchability (1072%) is presented. Notably, this composite demonstrated impressive electrical conductivity at room temperature (47.924 S cm−1) and extremely cold temperatures (42.507 S cm−1). It is further proposed for microfluidic‐assisted hydrogel patches (MAHPs) to facilitate customizable designs of the Ag‐LPA hydrogel composite. This approach enhances water retention and offers versatility in packaging materials, making it a promising choice for enduring soft electronics applications. As a proof‐of‐concept, soft electronics across diverse applications and dimensions, encompassing healthcare monitoring, environmental temperature sensing, and 3D‐spring pressure monitoring electronics are successfully developed. The scenery of an extremely cold environment is further extended. The conductivity of the embedded Ag‐LPA hydrogel composite unveils the potential of MAHPs in polar rescue missions. It is envisioned that MAHPs will impact the development of sophisticated and tailored soft electronics, thereby forging new frontiers in engineering applications.

Liquid metal hybrid antibacterial hydrogel scaffolds from 3D printing for wound healing

Hydrogels patches hold significant promise for wound healing. Endeavors have been dedicated to the improvement of hydrogel patch functionalities, with the aim of achieving systematic wound management. Herein, we present liquid metal (LM) hybrid antibacterial hydrogel scaffolds for wound healing via the 3D printing strategy. Gelatin/gellan gum-based hydrogel ink is adopted for printing the scaffolds, with LM microdroplets integrated within. Due to the excellent photothermal responsiveness of LM microdroplets, the LM hybrid scaffolds can convert the received near infrared light energy into heat energy, demonstrating controllable antibacterial ability. In addition, vascular endothelial growth factor is introduced into the scaffolds, which can be sustainably released and play an angiogenesis role. In vivo animal experiments demonstrate that this hydrogel scaffolds can effectively assit wound closure by eradicating bacterial infection and promoting angiogenesis. Thus, we believe that the proposed LM hybrid hydrogel scaffolds show promising prospects in wound treatment.

Portable Photoacoustic Analytical System Combined with Wearable Hydrogel Patch for pH Monitoring in Chronic Wounds.

Timely diagnosis, monitoring, and management of chronic wounds play crucial roles in improving patients' quality of life, but clinical evaluation of chronic wounds is still ambiguous and relies heavily on the experience of clinician, resulting in increased social and financial burden and delay of optimal treatment. During the different stages of the healing process, specific and dynamic changes of pH values in the wound exudate can be used as biomarkers to reflect the wound status. Herein, a pH-responsive agent with well-behaved photoacoustic (PA) properties, nitrazine yellow (NY), was incorporated in poly(vinyl alcohol)/sucrose (PVA/Suc) hydrogel to construct a wearable pH-sensing patch (PVA/Suc/NY hydrogel) for monitoring of pH values during chronic wound healing. According to Rosencwaig-Gersho theory and the combination of 3D printing technology, the PA chamber volume and chopping frequency were systematically optimized to improve the sensitivity of the PA analytical system. The prepared PVA/Suc/NY hydrogel patch had excellent mechanical properties and flexibility and could maintain conformal contact with skin. Moreover, combined with the miniaturized PA analytical device, it had the potential to detect pH values (5.0-9.0) free from the color interference of blood and therapeutic drugs, which provides a valuable strategy for wound pH value monitoring by PA quantitation. This strategy of combining the wearable hydrogel patch with portable PA analysis offers broad new prospects for the treatment and management of chronic wounds due to its features of simple operation, time savings, and anti-interference.

Development and characterization of curcumin nanosuspension-embedded genipin-crosslinked chitosan/polyvinylpyrrolidone hydrogel patch for effective wound healing

This study investigated the development of a genipin-crosslinked chitosan (CS)-based polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) hydrogel containing curcumin nanosuspensions (Cur-NSs) to promote wound healing in an excisional wound model. Cur-NSs were prepared, and a simplex centroid mixture design was employed to optimize hydrogel properties for high water absorption, degree of crosslinking, and sufficient toughness. The in vivo wound healing effect was tested in Wistar rats. The optimized hydrogel consisted of a 70:30 ratio of CS:PVP, crosslinked with a 2 % w/w genipin solution. It exhibited high swelling capability (486 %) while maintaining solidity, robustness, and durability. Incorporating 5 % w/w Cur-NSs resulted in a more compact structure, although with a reduction in swelling properties. The release kinetics of Cur from the hydrogel followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas Fickian diffusion model. In vitro biocompatibility studies demonstrated that the hydrogel was non-toxic to skin fibroblast cells. The in vivo experiment revealed a desirable wound healing rate with over 80 % recovery by day 7. Cur-NSs likely aided wound healing by reducing the inflammatory response and stimulating fibroblast proliferation. Additionally, the CS-based hydrogel provided a moist wound environment with hydration and gas transfer, further accelerating wound closure. These findings suggest that the Cur-NS-embedded hydrogel shows promise as a wound dressing material.

Nonswellable Hydrogel Patch with Tissue-Mimetic Mechanical Characteristics Remodeling In Vivo Microenvironment for Effective Adhesion Prevention.

Postoperative adhesion is a common complication after abdominal surgery, but current clinical products have unsatisfactory therapeutic effects. Here, we present a hydrogel patch formed in a single step through dialysis. The exchange of DMSO into water facilitates hydrophobic aggregate in situ formation and the formation of hydrogen bonds within the hydrogel. Thanks to the optimized component ratio and precise structural design. The hydrogel patch has soft-tissue-like mechanical characteristics, including high strength, high toughness, low modulus similar to the abdominal wall, good fatigue resistance, and fast self-recovery properties. The nonswellable hydrogel patch retains over 80% of its original mechanical properties after 7 days of immersion in physiological saline, with a maximum swelling ratio of 5.6%. Moreover, the hydrophobic biomultifunctionality of benzyl isothiocyanate can self-assemble onto the hydrogel patch during the sol-gel transition process, enabling it to remodel the inflammatory microenvironment through synergistic antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. The hydrogel patch prevents postsurgical adhesion in a rat sidewall defect-cecum abrasion model and outperforms the leading commercial Interceed. It holds promising potential for clinical translation, considering that FDA-approved raw materials (PVA and gelatin) form the backbone of this effective hydrogel patch.

Poly(ionic liquid)-Flocculated Chlorella Loading Bactericidal and Antioxidant Hydrogel as a Biological Hydrogen Therapy for Diabetic Wound Dressing.

Infection and oxidative stress seriously hinder the healing of diabetic wounds, resulting in various serious health and clinical problems. Herein, a sustainable biological hydrogen (H2)-producing hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel patch (HAP-Chl) was constructed by loading an imidazolium-based poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) flocculated live Chlorella as a diabetic wound dressing. The PIL can flocculate Chlorella through electrostatic interactions between PIL and Chlorella to form Chlorella agglomerates, endowing the Chlorella in the central agglomerates with the ability to continuously produce H2 for 24 h under mild conditions. Combining the membrane disruption-related bactericidal mechanism of PIL and the antioxidant properties of the produced H2, HAP-Chl was determined to be antibacterial and antioxidant. In addition to exhibiting biocompatible and nontoxic activities, subsequent Staphylococcus aureus-infected chronic wound studies revealed that HAP-Chl is capable of promoting the healing of chronic wounds by effectively killing bacteria, reducing extensive ROS, relieving inflammation, and promoting the deposition of mature collagen and angiogenesis. This study provides a new strategy for constructing an in situ sustainable H2-producing hydrogel, enabling the formation of novel antibacterial and antioxidant material platforms with potential for wound dressing applications.

Photothermally responsive graphene hybrid dry powders for diabetic wound healing

The treatment of diabetic wounds remains a significant challenge in the medical field. In this study, we present a novel approach using photothermally responsive graphene hybrid dry powders for the treatment of diabetic wounds. These powders, derived from polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI), exhibit rapid water absorption at the interface, leading to the in situ formation of physically crosslinked hydrogels due to interactions between polymers. Furthermore, by incorporating graphene into the PAA/PEI powder mixture, we establish a multifunctional platform with capabilities such as photothermal antibacterial effects and drug release. Given the outstanding performance of this hybrid material, we demonstrate its potential in wound healing by incorporating the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitor Etanercept into the PAA/PEI powder. This intervention resulted in a significant improvement in the wound healing process in diabetic rats, as evidenced by the downregulation of inflammatory factors, promotion of collagen deposition, and enhanced vascularization. These remarkable attributes underscore the enormous potential value of the presented hydrogel patches in the field of biomedicine.

Lignin-Based Antioxidant Hydrogel Patch for the Management of Atopic Dermatitis by Mitigating Oxidative Stress in the Skin.

Atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic skin condition characterized by itching, redness, and inflammation, is closely associated with heightened levels of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the skin. ROS can contribute to the onset and progression of AD through oxidative stress, which leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell differentiation, and the exacerbation of skin symptoms. In this study, we aim to develop a therapeutic antioxidant hydrogel patch for the potential treatment of AD using lignin, a biomass waste material. Lignin contains polyphenol groups that enable it to scavenge ROS and exhibit antioxidant properties. The lignin hydrogel patches, possessing optimized mechanical properties through the control of the lignin and cross-linker ratio, demonstrated high ROS-scavenging capabilities. Furthermore, the lignin hydrogel demonstrated excellent biocompatibility with the skin, exhibiting beneficial properties in protecting human keratinocytes under high oxidative conditions. When applied to an AD mouse model, the hydrogel patch effectively reduced epidermal thickness in inflamed regions, decreased mast cell infiltration, and regulated inflammatory cytokine levels. These findings collectively suggest that lignin serves as a therapeutic hydrogel patch for managing AD by modulating oxidative stress through its ROS-scavenging ability.

Natural multi-actives composited hydrogel patches for diabetic wound healing

Biomedical patches have garnered recognition for their efficacy in diabetic wound management. Current research efforts are focused on developing natural and efficient hydrogel patches in order to reduce inherent side effects and enhance therapeutic outcomes. In this study, we present natural multi-actives composited hydrogel patches for diabetic wound management. The novel medical patch was fabricated using freeze-dried grape peel, oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPC) and puerarin based on spontaneous physical crosslinking. With the incorporation of OPC, the natural patch exhibited favorable photothermal antibacterial properties, effectively inhibiting S. aureus and E. coli under 808 nm near-infrared irradiation. In addition, the grape peel could induce M2 macrophage polarization and scavenge reactive oxygen species, showcasing immunomodulatory effects. Moreover, the puerarin component in the patches was discovered to promote endothelial cell proliferation and migration, thereby facilitating angiogenesis in vitro. Based on these features, we have demonstrated the antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and angiogenic effects of the patches in vivo. Thus, we believe that the natural multi-actives composite patch holds significant promise for diabetic wound treatment and broader biomedical applications.

An Octopus-Inspired Stimulus-Responsive Structural Color Hydrogel for Uterus Cervical Canal Stent.

Soft-bodied aquatic organisms have exhibited remarkable capabilities in navigating and moving within liquid environments serving as a profound inspiration for the development of bionic robots with intricate movements. Traditional rigid components are being replaced by stimulus-responsive soft materials such as hydrogels and shape memory polymers, leading to the creation of dynamically responsive soft robots. In this study, the development of a bionic robot inspired by the shape of an octopus and the adsorptive properties of its tentacles, specifically tailored for targeted stimulation and pH sensing in the cervix, are presented. This approach involves the design of a soft, water-based Janus adhesive hydrogel patch that adheres to specific parts of the cervix and responds to pH changes through external stimuli. The hydrogel patch incorporates inverse opal microstructures mimicking the legs of an octopus, to facilitate efficient and stable locomotion, unidirectional transport of biofluids, and pH-responsive behavior. This miniature bionic robot showcases controlled adhesion and precise unidirectional fluid transport highlighting its potential for targeted stimulus response and pH sensing in the uterine cervical tract. This breakthrough opens new avenues for medical applications within the expanding field of soft-bodied robotics.

Mesh-shaped absorbable hemostatic hydrogel patch fabricated with marine organism-derived protein biomaterials with contact-activated blood coagulation for application in visceral surgery

The utilization of efficacious hemostatic agents in surgical procedures has the potential to enhance operational efficacy, expedite patient recovery, and diminish the need for blood transfusions. However, in cases of excessive bleeding, few commercial hemostatic agents can maintain contact with the bleeding site and perform hemostatic functions effectively. In the present work, we propose a mesh-shaped absorbable lyophilized hemostatic hydrogel patch with excellent biodegradability, wet tissue adhesion ability, strong structural properties, and good blood coagulation activity by integrating the beneficial properties of two marine organism-derived bioengineered protein biomaterials, sea anemone silk-like protein (aneroin) and mussel adhesive protein (MAP). The hemostatic efficacy of the developed hydrogel patch was thoroughly evaluated using in vitro and in vivo experiments. The mesh-shaped hemostatic hydrogel patch exhibited the ability to absorb plasma upon contact with blood, adhere to surfaces, and facilitate aggregation of blood components, hence enhancing the process of blood coagulation. Using animal liver damage models, we confirmed that the hemostatic hydrogel patch could significantly enhance hemostatic capabilities by reducing clotting time and blood loss while exhibiting minimal inflammation and toxicity when remaining within the body. Thus, our proposed absorbable hemostatic hydrogel patch demonstrated great potential for use as a novel adhesive hemostatic agent for application in visceral surgery.

Fluorescence sensing probe based on functionalized mesoporous MOFs for non-invasive and detection of dopamine in human fluids

Abnormal amount of dopamine (DA) in human body is closely relate to various diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, pheochromocytoma. Real-time monitoring DA is crucial for disease warning, diagnosis and treatment. Currently, most methods rely on invasive blood testing for detecting DA, which is only completed with the aid of the medical staffs in hospitals. Herein, a non-invasive fluorescence visual strategy is developed for the real-time monitoring DA, based on luminescent nanoparticles and modified mesoporous zeolite imidazole framework (ZIF-8-NH2) dodecahedrons. During the reaction process, DA is enriched through the spatial configuration of ZIF-8-NH2 and hydrogen bonding effect. The luminescence of Cr3+-doped zinc gallate (ZnGa2O4:Cr3+, ZGC) is inhibited by the photo-induced electron transfer (PET) mechanism to realize sensitively detecting DA. The intelligent sensing platform based on the designed fluorescence probe and color recognition system is structured for real-time detection of DA in urine. Furthermore, a skin-fitting hydrogel patch is prepared by combining a fluorescent probe with chitosan, which enables sensitive and accurate detection of DA in sweat without the complex sample pretreatment. The non-invasive fluorescence detection method provides an effective strategy for quantitatively monitoring DA in human fluids.

Efficacy and safety of topical NSAIDs combined with physiotherapy for frozen shoulder: a randomized controlled trial.

Frozen shoulder is a prevalent condition among individuals in their middle and later years. Invasive therapy has shown promising results in the treatment of frozen shoulders, but its widespread adoption has been hampered by high costs and the need for advanced medical technology. As a result, patients with frozen shoulders often turn to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for symptomatic relief. However, the oral administration of NSAIDs can lead to troublesome adverse effects on the gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and urinary systems. In contrast, topical NSAIDs have gained attention for their excellent efficacy and lower adverse effects in various chronic pain conditions. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of topical NSAIDs in improving pain and mobility among patients with frozen shoulders. A total of 108 patients experiencing moderate to severe pain and mobility impairment due to frozen shoulder were enrolled in this study. The participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n=72) or the control group (n=36). The experimental group received daily treatment with the loxoprofen hydrogel patch (LOX-P) in addition to basic rehabilitation physiotherapy. The control group was treated with flurbiprofen cataplasm (FLU-C) twice a day, along with rehabilitation physiotherapy. The primary endpoint for evaluating the efficacy of the two patches was the Constant-Murley score (CMS). Clinical symptom data, adverse events, and patient satisfaction were also recorded. After 14 days of treatment, the effective rate was 66.67% (n=48) in the experimental group and 41.67% (n=15) in the control group. The overall difference in the effective rates was 25.00% (95% CI=5.20-42.52; p=0.013). The safety profiles of the two topical agents were similar, with only a few adverse events reported. The loxoprofen hydrogel patch demonstrates a significant ability to alleviate shoulder pain and restore shoulder function in the treatment of frozen shoulder, with minimal adverse reactions. Chictr.org.cn ID: ChiCTR2100052375.

Renewable Electroconductive Hydrogels for Accelerated Diabetic Wound Healing and Motion Monitoring.

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), a prevalent complication of diabetes mellitus, may result in an amputation. Natural and renewable hydrogels are desirable materials for DFU dressings due to their outstanding biosafety and degradability. However, most hydrogels are usually only used for wound repair and cannot be employed to monitor motion because of their inherent poor mechanical properties and electrical conductivity. Given that proper wound stretching is beneficial for wound healing, the development of natural hydrogel patches integrated with wound repair properties and motion monitoring was expected to achieve efficient and accurate wound healing. Here, we designed a dual-network (chitosan and sodium alginate) hydrogel embedded with lignin-Ag and quercetin-melanin nanoparticles to achieve efficient wound healing and motion monitoring. The double network formed by the covalent bond and electrostatic interaction confers the hydrogel with superior mechanical properties. Instead of the usual chemical reagents, genipin extracted from Gardenia was used as a cross-linking agent for the hydrogel and consequently improved its biosafety. Furthermore, the incorporation of lignin-Ag nanoparticles greatly enhanced the mechanical strength, antibacterial efficacy, and conductivity of the hydrogel. The electrical conductivity of hydrogels gives them the capability of motion monitoring. The motion sensing mechanism is that stretching of the hydrogel induced by motion changes the conductivity of the hydrogel, thus converting the motion into an electrical signal. Meanwhile, quercetin-melanin nanoparticles confer exceptional adhesion, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties to the hydrogels. The system ultimately achieved excellent wound repair and motion monitoring performance and was expected to be used for stretch-assisted safe and accurate wound repair in the future.

All-in-one hydrogel patches with sprayed bFGF-loaded GelMA microspheres for infected wound healing studies

The current wound healing process faces numerous challenges such as bacterial infection, inflammation and oxidative stress. However, wound dressings used to promote wound healing, are not well suited to meet the clinical needs. Hyaluronic acid (HA) not only has excellent water absorption and good biocompatibility but facilitates cell function and tissue regeneration. Dopamine, on the other hand, increases the overall viscosity of the hydrogel and possesses antioxidant property. Furthermore, chitosan exhibits outstanding performance in antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is conducive to cell proliferation and migration, vascular regeneration and wound healing. Hence, we designed an all-in-one hydrogel patch containing dopamine and chitosan framed by hyaluronic acid (HDC) with sprayed gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) microspheres loaded with bFGF (HDC-bFGF). The hydrogel patch exhibits excellent adhesive, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antibacterial properties. In vitro experiments, the HDC-bFGF hydrogel patch not only showed significant inhibitory effect on RAW cell inflammation and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) growth but also effectively scavenged free radicals, in addition to promoting the migration of 3 T3 cells. In the mice acute infected wound model, the HDC-bFGF hydrogel patch adhered to the wound surface greatly accelerated the healing process via its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, bacterial inhibition and pro-vascularization effects. Therefore, the multifunctional HDC-bFGF hydrogel patch holds great promise for clinical application.

A Tough Janus Hydrogel Patch with Strong Wet Adhesion and Self-Debonding for Oral Ulcer Treatment

A Tough Janus Hydrogel Patch with Strong Wet Adhesion and Self-Debonding for Oral Ulcer Treatment