Hydrodistilled Essential Oil Research Articles

Essential oil composition of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. from Iran

Dracocephalum kotschyi is one of the medicinal and fragrant herbs that can be found in natural locations of mountainous areas. In this investigation the hydrodistilled essential oils obtained from aerial parts of two populations of D. kotschyi collected from Siahbisheh and Baladeh were analysed by capillary GC-FID and GC-MS. Essential oil analysis led to the identification of 48 compounds that represented 85.9 and 90.0% of the total oil compositions, respectively. As the major group of compounds, oxygenated monoterpens comprised 45.5 and 57.4% in the essential oils of compounds as the main group in the essential oils of Siahbisheh and Baladeh samples, respectively. Disagreement in the major contents of the essential oils of these two samples may be ascribed to differences in the ecological, climatic and genetically factors.

Phytochemical characteristics of root volatiles and extracts of Achillea collina Becker genotypes

Recently, several publications revealed the presence of potentially active volatile substances in the roots of yarrow species. Though their specific function is not clear, they are supposed to have an important role in plant–environment interactions. In the present paper, chemical composition of hydrodistilled essential oil (EO), headspace (HS) volatiles and dichloromethane extracts (DE) of the roots of 10 different Achillea collina Becker accessions were analysed by GC-FID and GC-MS and compared. Volatility and solubility of active ingredients and the sensitivity of extraction methods resulted in different chemical compositions. Only a few of the main constituents (alismol, (E)-β-farnesene, β-sesquiphellandrene and neryl esters) were found in each extract type. In the EOs, the main compound was component with RI 1874 tentatively identified as heptadecen-7-one (28.9–43.0%). Albene (20.8–52.1%) and β-pinene (8.3–47.1%) were the most represented constituents among HS volatiles. The main and universal constituents of DEs were component with RI 1874 tentatively identified as heptadecen-7-one, linoleic acid, 2,4,6-decatrienoic acid piperideide, sterols (RI 3280, 3338 and 3360) and a triterpene (RI 3456) which together amounted 34.4–61.7% of the extracts.

Development of supercritical CO2 extraction of bioactive phytochemicals from black poplar (Populus nigra L.) buds followed by GC–MS and UHPLC-DAD-QqTOF-MS

The supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) extraction process of black poplar (Populus nigra L.) buds was optimized (pressure, temperature) based on the yields of major phytochemicals (volatiles and non-volatiles). The optimal settings were 30 MPa/60 °C. Major volatiles determined by GC–MS in the optimized SC-CO2 extract (mg of benzyl salicylate equivalent (BSE) per 100 g of buds) were: pinostrobin chalcone (1574.2), β-eudesmol (640.8), α-eudesmol (581.9), 2-methyl-2-butenyl-p-coumarate (289.9), pentyl-p-coumarate (457.0), γ-eudesmol (294.4), and benzyl salicylate (289.2). Partial qualitative similarity was observed between SC-CO2 extracts and corresponding hydrodistilled essential oil dominated by sesquiterpenes, but with lower yields. Major compounds (mg per 100 g of buds) identified by UHPLC-DAD-QqTOF-MS in the optimized SC-CO2 extract were: pinostrobin (751.7), pinocembrin (485.6), 3-O-pinobanksin acetate and methyl-butenyl-p-coumarate (290.2; 144.9 of pinobanksin and p-coumaric acid equivalents, respectively). SC-CO2 extraction was found useful for green, efficient and simultaneous extraction of both volatile/non-volatile, bioactive phytochemicals of poplar buds – precursors of poplar-type propolis.

Effect of border planting of Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. on the growth and biomass production performance of Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt ex Bor Grass at Wondo Genet, Southern Ethiopia

The use of Eucalyptus trees, in association with other plants, has the potential to reduce the growth of neighbouring plants or grasses by competing for resources or releasing allelochemicals that may cause other plants to grow slowly. Our purpose here is to assess whether border planting of Eucalyptus is harmful to the establishment, growth, and production of Cymbopogon winterianus at various distances from tree lines in the Wondo Genet Agricultural Research Center in Southern Ethiopia. Several factors were studied: growth performances and yield of aromatic grasses; soil properties, including total nitrogen, organic carbon, and moisture content; and plant leaf nutrient content (NPK) at various distances away from the Eucalyptus citriodora border line were studied. Chemical compositions of hydro-distilled essential oils obtained from selected C. winterianus grasses leaves were analysed by gas chromatography. Plant height, biomass yield, amount of essential oil yield, and essential oil composition all were significantly affected due to Eucalyptus effect in the first 10-m distance as compared to beyond 10 m from the tree border line. There were increases in soil total nitrogen, organic carbon, and moisture content with decreasing distances to the Eucalyptus tree border. The result of plant leaf nutrient content (NPK) differed across treatment and distance. The pot experiment (15 cm × 20 cm), shoot length, and number of leaves of aromatic plants varied in the degree of inhibition based on the concentration of the aqueous extract. Significantly higher inhibitions of the shoot length and number of leaf parameters were observed when using 25% fresh leaf extract compared to other extract levels.

Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Screening of Aerial Parts of Essential Oils of Three Satureja species (Satureja briquetti, Satureja atlantica and Satureja alpina) Growing Wild in the Middle Atlas Mountains of Morocco

Hydro-distilled essential oils from the aerial parts of Satureja briquetti, S. atlantica and S. alpina, which are growing wild in the middle Atlas Mountains of Morocco, were analyzed by GC-MS. Different compounds were identified in the three plant oils, representing 96.25%, 98.19% and 98.18% of the total oil respectively. The major constituents of essential oil obtained from the plant material of S. briquetti, were borneol (27.64%), β-bisabolène (9.58%), α-pinene (6.97%) and linalool (6.77%).The most abundant compounds in essential oil of S. atlantica were piperitenone oxide (24.27%), limonene (20.57%), pulegone (16.88%) and cis-piperitone oxide (15.55%). Pulegone (87.74%) was identified as the main component in the essential oil of S. alpina. The screening of antibacterial activity of essential oil samples was individually evaluated against twelve bacteria species using a disc diffusion method. In addition, the Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined. The results showed that the essential oil of S. alpina has stronger and broader spectrum of antibacterial activity as compared to S. briquetti and S. atlantica.

Variations in chemical composition, antimicrobial and haemolytic activities of peel essential oils from three local Citrus cultivars

The present research work was carried out to appraise the variations in the chemical composition, antimicrobial and haemolytic activities of hydro-distilled essential oils from peels of three Citrus cultivars including Citrus reticulata (Kinnow), Citrus sinensis (Mussammi), and Citrus x sinensis (Red blood orange). The essential oil yield from the peels of these cultivars was found to be 0.86, 1.70 and 1.07 %, respectively. Overall, the major chemical constituents (GC-FID analysis) in the peel essential oils of C. reticulata, C. sinensis and C. x sinensis were identified to be limonene (46.30-54.57%), geraniol (10.02-24.00 %) and citraniol (10.05-14.00%). Among the oils tested, peel essential oil of C. reticulata exhibited maximum zone of inhibition against bacterial strains whereas that of C. x sinensis against fungal strains. The tested peel essential oils exhibited small extent of haemolytic activity (0.29 to 1.09%) indicating negligible cytotoxicity. The antibacterial, antifungal and haemolytic activities of the tested Citrus peel essential oils varied considerably (p<0.05) among cultivars depending upon the variable composition of the oils. Keywords: Antimicrobial agents; Cell; Citrus Peel essential oil; GC-FID; Hydrodistillation http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2018.70034

Chemical composition and anti-microbial activities of the essential oil of Adansonia digitata stem-bark and leaf on post-harvest control of tomato spoilage

The mirage of bioactive compounds in essential oil (EO) has raised its prospects as an alternative to synthetic chemicals preservatives. The yields of the hydro-distilled EO from the leaf and stem-bark of Adansonia digitata were: 0.302% and 0.403%; while identified compounds were: 23 and 40 respectively. The principal chemical constituents of the EO were: hydrocarbons, alkene alcohol, cyclic ketonic ether, terpenoids, amides, esters. Tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol (26.31%), 8-dimethyl-2-(1-methylethenyl) (8.20%), Tetracosan (6.54%), Heptacosane (5.81%) and Tetratetracontane (5.59%) were dominant compounds in the leaves EO. While, the major compounds of the stem-bark EO were: Octadecane (9.30%), Cyclopentane (8.81%), 1-Octadecanesulphonyl chloride (8.73%), Heptadecane (8.50%), Eicosane (8.34%), and Tetracosan (7.12%). The antimicrobial activity of the EO against post-harvest decay of tomato fruits stored at room temperature (27±2 °C) indicated significant (P < 0.05) reduction of bacterial and fungal loads at 2000 ppm when compared with control. The lethality assay of leaf and stem-bark EOs showed significant toxicity against brine shrimps, with LC50 values of 1750 μg/ml and 1932 μg/ml respectively. These values were greater than 1000 μg/mL as recommended index for non-toxicity in human. Thus, the study suggested application of the EO as possible antimicrobial agent as possible alternative to synthetic chemicals for the preservation of fresh tomato fruits.

Identifying the novel natural antioxidants by coupling different feature selection methods with nonlinear regressions and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy

There are numerous reactive compounds such as free radicals which the body is less capable of fighting off these unwanted dangerous molecules. These conditions, known as oxidative stress, reflect an imbalance between free radical generation and the ability of the body to neutralize these reactive intermediates by antioxidants. Some spices show antioxidant activities that provide an added source of antioxidants for the body to fight against free radicals. Without the necessary intake of these plants, free radicals can lead to various types of diseases. However, the contribution of each chemical composition in the antioxidant activity is unclear. To produce effective food supplements as well as pharmaceutical formulations from these herbs, the responsible components for the antioxidant activity should be identified. Nowadays, the integration of chemoinformatics methods with chromatographic techniques allows us to identify and predict the antioxidant activity of medicinal plants. This study presents a new drug discovery strategy for the quantitative chemical component-antioxidant activity relationship (QCAR) model. This strategy includes multi-objective feature selection (FS) algorithms based on artificial neural network (ANN) to identify novel antioxidants. This screening strategy leads to discovery of the new synergistic effects of non-phenolic compounds (i.e. γ-terpinene, p-cymene and caryophyllene). In order to examine the performance of the designed model, the volatile components of hydrodistilled essential oil of Mentha samples were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and their antioxidant activities were measured by a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging test. Also, antioxidant activities of Mentha samples were predicted using QCAR model. The values predicted from the computational approaches have a reasonable agreement with the actual values obtained from DPPH assay. Finally, the designed method proves to be effective procedures for both predicting the antioxidant activity of the essential oil samples and finding the most important antioxidant compounds.

Constituents of the essential oil in Solidago canadensis L. from Eurasia

Hydro distilled essential oils in air-dry samples of aerial parts of Solidago canadensis L., (Asteraceae) from eight local invasive populations were investigated by GC-MS analysis. A comparative study on quantity and composition of the essential oils obtained from plants, growing in different ecological and climatic conditions, ontogenesis phase and different plant organs was carried out The major compounds detected in oil samples of S. canadensis were α-pinene (1.3 - 61.27%), limonene (0.5 - 22.5%), bornyl acetat (3.4 - 29.8%) and germacrene D (1.8 - 39.2%). Samples from inflorescences contained the maximal percentage of monoterpene hydrocarbons, while the leaves' samples showed the maximal cumulative percentage of sesquiterpene and monoterpene hydrocarbons. Data obtained from our studies confirm the availability of alien invasive species Solidago canadensis for medicine and many other purposes. The variability of the qualitative and quantitative composition of essential oils in different geographical locations will allow futher selection of form containing the maximum amount of active substances.

Composition of essential oil of lemon thyme (Thymus × citriodorus) at different hydrodistillation times

Distillation time can both to optimise the production and to engineer the composition of essential oil in essential oil bearing plants. Purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of duration of hydrodistillation on composition of essential oil of Thymus × citriodorus, the natural source of commercially important geraniol and citral, a component with valuable biological properties. Essential oils were isolated by hydrodistillation at different distillation times and analysed by GC/MS analytical methods. Increase in percentage of essential oil during all hydrodistillation time gradient was uneven. Elongation of hydrodistillation time decreased percentages of monoterpenes but increased percentages of sesquiterpenes in essential oil. Results showed that the hydrodistillation of essential oil from lemon thyme longer than 60 min is useless.

Seasonal variation in Juniperus polycarpos var. turcomanica essential oil from northeast of Iran

The composition of hydro-distilled essential oils from fresh leaves of wild growing Juniperus polycarpos var. turcomanica, collected from northeaste of Iran, were investigated by GC and GC–MS analysis during growing season 2012–2013. The oil yields depend on the month of collecting and ranged between 1.5 and 2.1% (v/w). Analysis of the essential oil identified 49 components that representing 89.7–94.6% of the total oil. Results indicated that the predominant presence of monoterpene constituents, representing 56.9–85.6% of the essential oil. The main constituent was α-pinene (41.8–75.4%), followed by germacrene B (1–5.8%), camphor (0.7–4.5%) and α-cadinol (0.4–4.8%). Regarding essential oil composition, quantitative and qualitative variations were recorded for 12 different collection periods. The best time for harvesting juniper leaves seems to be from mid-autumn to mid-winter.

Extending vase life of cut rose (Rosa hybrida L.) cv. Bacara by essential oils

Recent studies showed that some essential oils functions as antibacterial compounds. In this study results showed treatment with essential oils promoted vase life of cut roses via decreasing bacteria number inside the stem. We investigated components in the hydrodistilled essential oils of Bunium persicum Bioss, Mentha spicata L., Thymus vulgaris L. and Satureja hortensis L., as hold solutions, and their effects on relative fresh weight, water uptake, vase life, electrolyte leakage, anthocyanin content, soluble sugar content and number of bacteria at stem end of cut flowers of rose. GC-MS analysis of the extracted essential oil of B. persicum , M. spicata , Th. vulgaris and S. hortensis L. led to the identification of 14, 20, 13 and 14 major compounds, respectively. In cut rose, the treatment containing the essential oils extended flower opening period longer than the control. The 200 µl l-1 essential oil of M. spicata treatment almost doubled the vase life of cut roses. Hence these essential oils might be powerful, environmentally friendly substitutes for the chemical compounds currently added to vase waters to control bacterial content.

Analysis of the Essential Oil from Mentha pulegium and Identification of its Antioxidant Constituents

In this study, the hydrodistilled essential oil from aerial parts of Mentha pulegium L. was investigated for the antioxidant activity and identification of active constituents. The chemical composition of the oil was analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. The antioxidant activity of the oil was evaluated by the DPPH assay. The most active constituents of the essential oil were detected by the DPPH-bioautography method and identified by GC analysis. 18 constituents were identified in the oil of M. pulegium and pulegone (48.7 %) and menthone (26.8 %) were found to be the main constituents. The DPPH assay showed an IC50 value of 1.61 (1.41–1.84) mg/mL. The DPPH-bioautography guided fractionation of the essential oil followed by GC analysis of the most active fraction was resulted in the identification of menthone and pulegone as the main active constituents.

Essential Oil Composition, Antioxidant, Anticholinesterase and Anti-tyrosinase Activities of Two Turkish Plant Species: Ferula elaeochytris and Sideritis stricta

The aim of the present study is to characterize chemical compositions and antioxidant, anticholinesterase and anti-tyrosinase activities of Ferula elaeochytris and Sideritis stricta essential oils. The hydrodistilled essential oils were analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MS. A total of thirty-three and twenty-seven compounds representing 99.6 % and 99.4 % were identified in F. elaeochytris and S. stricta, respectively. The main compounds of essential oil of F. elaeochytris were β-cubebene (21.3 %), caryophyllene oxide (17.5 %) and β-caryophyllene (14.9 %), while the major compounds of S. stricta essential oil were δ-cadinene (18.3 %), cubenol (17.6 %) and β-caryophyllene (14.4 %). The antioxidant activity was tested by β-carotene-linoleic acid, DPPH free radical scavenging, ABTS cation radical scavenging, CUPRAC and metal chelating assays. The essential oil of F. elaeochytris showed the highest antioxidant activity in all assays. Also, the anticholinesterase and anti-tyrosinase activities of essential oils were performed against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and tyrosinase enzymes. F. elaeochytris essential oil indicated the highest anticholinesterase and anti-tyrosinase activities as well. This is the first report describing antioxidant, anticholinesterase and anti-tyrosinase activities of essential oils of F. elaeochytris and S. stricta.

Aroma volatile compounds of parsley cultivated in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Egypt extracted by hydrodistillation and headspace solid-phase microextraction

ABSTRACTThirty-nine volatile compounds identified in hydrodistilled essential oil (HD) of Egyptian parsley, representing 97.87% of the total oil, while solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) revealed 16 components constituting 96.54% of the volatile material. Monoterpenes were the predominant in both extracts with considerable quantitative differences, while a dramatic decrease in myristicin from 26.21% in HD extract to 4.87% in HS-SPME extract occurred. Myristicin, β-phellandrene and myrecene were the major components among 38 identified components accounting for 92.87% of the total identified volatiles in Madinah hydrodistillate. Parsley essential oil of Madinah exhibited a higher scavenging ability for 2,2ʹ-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl in comparison to Egyptian parsley oil.

Registration of a high-yielding khusilal [nor-sesquiterpene (C14) aldehydes] rich variety CIM-Samriddhi of vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Nash.

Vetiver (Khus) of the family 'Poaceae' is native to India and is mainly cultivated in tropical and subtropical countries as a perennial crop. It is cultivated for the production of its root derived hydro distilled essential oil that imparts a strong and persistent woody odor. The oil can also have earthy, grapefruit-like, flowery, smoked and ambery, undertones, depending upon the geographic origin of the crop. Vetiver oil is a high value basic ingredient of modern perfumery today. The total world production of this essential oil is estimated to be around 600-700 tonnes per year as compared to only 20-25 tonnes produced annually in India. Therefore, khus cultivation in Indian context is a viable option for increasing farmer's income as its oil demand for perfume and soap industries is constantly rising. However, its long gestation nature and poor oil content have always been a deterring factor for its acceptance among the farmers. Over last 10-15years, CSIR-CIMAP has developed nine khus cultivars for maximizing the benefits of its cultivation to khus growers in different parts of the country. Khus cultivation often results an average net profit of over Rs 1.5 lacs in a span of 10-12 months with 25-30kg/ha oil yield. In addition, co-cultivation of khus with wheat, lentil, peas, mint, basil etc. can further add to the profit margin by Rs. 30, 000/ha. Looking at the huge import requirement of Vetiver oil in the country, the need to enhance the unit area productivity and quality of vetiver oil is evident. Continuing with our effort towards genetic enhancement in vetiver, we have now developed a new genotype, namely V-18(Selection 23) that is capable of producing 35 kg/ha of high grade essential oil in comparisons to 25kg/ha oil yield of best available check ie. CIM-Vriddhi (also developed by CSIR-CIMAP). The new genotype, in addition to improved root biomass 35q/ha and oil yields, also have a much desired quality profile with 31% khushilal and 19% khusol contents in its oil. The new genotype V-18 (selection 23) is ideally suited for its cultivation in entire North-Indian plains and southern region of the country. The unique yellow-green inflorescence and broad dark green leaves are the two unique distinctive features of this variety It also fits in crop rotation/intercropping cycles between mint and paddy and with other vegetables crops grown by farmers with small land holding. Leaves of this variety are nutritive and can be used as fodder for milk producing animals. The new genotype has now been christening as CIM-Samriddhil" and is being registered here as a new improved variety of vetiver for its commercial release.

Chemical composition of the essential oils from Tamarix dioica and determination of its antibacterial activity

ABSTRACTIn this study, investigations of hydro-distilled essential oils of Tamarix dioica flowers and leaves performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed 31 volatile constituents. Nearly 24 (comprising 77.15% of the total volatiles) and 14 compounds (encompassing 63.15% of the total volatiles) were identified in flowers and leaves, respectively. Major constituents in flower were 1-hexadecene (6.93%), hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (5.64%), octadecane (5.60%), dodecanoic acid (5.22%), E-15-heptadecenal (4.98%), docosane (4.76%), 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol (4.44%), 1-tetradecene (4.29%), tetracosane (4.00%), 1-docosene (3.89%), hexadecane (3.76%), nonanal (3.69%), nonanoic acid (1.33%), dihydroactindiolide (3.33%), and cyclotetracosane (3.04%), whereas the major constituents in leaves were 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol (17.70%), dihydroactindiolide (10.27%), megastigmatrienone (5.53%), 1-hexadecene (5.10%), β-lonone (4.28%), safranal (3.35%), vitispirane (3.35%), trans-geranylacetone (2.72%), and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (2.03%). These essential oils were screened in vitro against gram negative (G−ve) bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) and gram positive (G+ve) bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) by using disc diffusion method to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). However, it is noteworthy that essential oils from Tamarix dioica flower and leaves showed a higher activity against E. coli (MIC at 10 μg/mL) compared to S. aureus (MIC at 100 μg/mL).

Changes in composition and antioxidant activities of essential oils in Phlomis anisodonta (Lamiaceae) at different stages of maturity

The composition of hydro-distilled essential oils of Phlomis anisodonta Boiss. subsp. occidentalis Jamzad in vegetative, flowering and post flowering stages were investigated using GC and GC-MS, leading to identification of 41, 26 and 23 compounds, respectively. In all three samples, sesquiterpenes were the main components. In vegetative stage the main components of the oil were germacrene-D (14.3%), bicyclogermacrene (12.4%) and α-pinene (6.8%); in flowering stage, germacrene-D (52.6%) and β-caryophyllene (15.9%); and in fruiting stage, germacrene-D (27.9%), bicyclogermacrene (17.6%), caryophyllene oxide (14.7%) and β-caryophyllene (11.3%). The samples were also subjected to screening for their possible antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and β-carotene-linoleic acid assays. In the first experiment, the free radical scavenging activity of polar subfraction of methanol extract in fruiting stage was superior to all other extracts (IC50= 41±0.4 μg/ml). When using linoleic acid system, oxidation of the linoleic acid was effectively inhibited by the non-polar subfraction of methanol extract in different stages. The results of this study show that the composition of essential oils varies considerably both in different parts of the plants and at different stages of development. When using the plants for medicinal purposes, it is important to be aware of the effective developmental phase, i.e. when the most effective components reach their peak volume, as well as the most useful parts. Phenology, Antioxidant activity, Volatile oils, Germacrene-D, Bicyclogermcrene

Comparison of microwave hydrodistillation and solvent-free microwave extraction of essential oil from Melaleuca leucadendra Linn

The comparison of solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) and microwave hydrodistillation (MHD) in the extraction of essential oil from Melaleuca leucadendra Linn. was examined. Dry cajuput leaves were used in this study. The purpose of this study is also to determine optimal condition (microwave power). The relative electric consumption of SFME and MHD methods are both showing 0,1627 kWh/g and 0,3279 kWh/g. The results showed that solvent-free microwave extraction methods able to reduce energy consumption and can be regarded as a green technique for extraction of cajuput oil.

Alternative to conventional extraction of vetiver oil: Microwave hydrodistillation of essential oil from vetiver roots (Vetiveria zizanioides)

In this study the extraction of essential oil from vetiver roots (Vetiveria zizanioides) has been carried out by using microwave hydrodistillation. In the extraction of vetiver oil using microwave hydrodistillation method is studied the effect of microwave power, feed to solvent (F/S) ratio and extraction time on the yield of vetiver oil. Besides, in this study can be seen that microwave hydrodistillation method offers important advantages over hydrodistillation, such as shorter extraction time (3 h vs. 24 h for hydrodistillation); better yields (0.49% vs. 0.46% for hydrodistillation); and environmental impact (energy cost is appreciably higher for performing hydrodistillation than that required for extraction using microwave hydrodistillation). Based on the analysis using GC-MS can be seen 19 components on vetiver oil that has been extracted using microwave hydrodistillation. In addition, GC-MS analysis showed that the main components of vetiver oil that has been extracted using microwave hydrodistillation method were β-Gurjunene (30.12%), α-Vetivone (20.12%), 4-(1-cyclohexenyl)-2-trimethylsilymethyl-1-buten-3-yne (13.52%) and δ-Selinene (7.27%).