Abstract
The present research work was carried out to appraise the variations in the chemical composition, antimicrobial and haemolytic activities of hydro-distilled essential oils from peels of three Citrus cultivars including Citrus reticulata (Kinnow), Citrus sinensis (Mussammi), and Citrus x sinensis (Red blood orange). The essential oil yield from the peels of these cultivars was found to be 0.86, 1.70 and 1.07 %, respectively. Overall, the major chemical constituents (GC-FID analysis) in the peel essential oils of C. reticulata, C. sinensis and C. x sinensis were identified to be limonene (46.30-54.57%), geraniol (10.02-24.00 %) and citraniol (10.05-14.00%). Among the oils tested, peel essential oil of C. reticulata exhibited maximum zone of inhibition against bacterial strains whereas that of C. x sinensis against fungal strains. The tested peel essential oils exhibited small extent of haemolytic activity (0.29 to 1.09%) indicating negligible cytotoxicity. The antibacterial, antifungal and haemolytic activities of the tested Citrus peel essential oils varied considerably (p<0.05) among cultivars depending upon the variable composition of the oils. Keywords: Antimicrobial agents; Cell; Citrus Peel essential oil; GC-FID; Hydrodistillation http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2018.70034
Highlights
Oil yield of essential oils obtained for three cultivars of Citrus including Citrus reticulata (Musammi), Citrus sinensis (Kinnow), Citrus x sinensis (Red blood orange orange) are presented in (Table 1)
Obtained results clearly depicted that Citrus peel essential oils have very low cytotoxic activity and can be safe to use for nutrapharmaceutical applications [48]
The cytotoxicity of essential oils of Citrus reticulata and Citrus sinensis have been checked against pests, but no data is available on their haemolytic activities against human red blood cells
Summary
Haemolytic activity of the tested essential oils was evaluated by a prescribed procedure. [18, 19]. Haemolytic activity of the tested essential oils was evaluated by a prescribed procedure. The bold was centrifuged for 5 min at 1000 x g; plasma was poured off and cells were washed three times with 5 mL of chilled (4oC) sterile isotonicphosphatebuffered saline (PBS) of pH7.4. Each cultivar’s essential oil (100μL) was taken and agitated with RBC (108cells/mL). Incubation of samples was done for 35 min at 37oC. After incubating, the samples were kept in ice for 5 min and centrifuged for 5 min at 1000 x g. A 100- μL supernatant was collected from each tube and diluted 10 time with chilled (4oC) PBS. Triton X-100 and phosphate buffer saline (PBS), respectively. Using μQuant (Bioteck, USA) the absorbance was observed at 576 nm and % RBCs lysis for each sample was computed
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