Hydrazinium Ions Research Articles

Vibrational spectroscopic analysis of lithium hydrazinium sulfate

The low temperature polarized Raman spectra of lithium hydrazinium sulfate, LiN 2H 5SO 4, have been measured in the range 5–3500 cm −1. The symmetry-based assignments for the observed modes are given. The room temperature polarized i.r. reflectivity spectra in the range 200–4000 cm −1 were also measured to verify the presence of extensive TO—LO splitting in the sulfate ion ν 3 and ν 4 internal optic modes. In the lattice mode region, the lithium ion external optic modes are identified, and the spectra of the deuterated analog allow the identification of several modes due primarily to the external motions of either the sulfate or hydrazinium ions. Other lattice modes are found to be a mixture of sulfate and hydrazinium ion external motions. Coupling of the sulfate ion ν 3 modes and the hydrazinium ion group bending modes prevents an unambiguous assignment of the bands in the 1050–1200 cm −1 spectral region. The N—H stretching region spectra contain a larger number of modes than predicted by a factor group analysis. These extra modes are discussed in terms of resonance interactions of the N—H stretching fundamental modes with overtones and combination modes.

ChemInform Abstract: Kinetics and Mechanism of the Reaction of CrO22+ with Hydrazinium Ions in Aqueous Acidic Solutions.

AbstractThe rate law and rate constants of reaction A in aqueous HClO4 (in the absence of Cr" and O2) are reported.

Kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of dioxochromium(2+) with hydrazinium ions in aqueous acidic solutions

On pense que l'etape limitant la vitesse est la formation du cation radical hydrazyl protone

The interaction of hydrazine hydrate with humic acid preparations at pH 4

SUMMARYSorption isotherms were obtained by a continuous‐flow method for the interaction of hydrazine hydrate with freeze‐dried hydrogen‐, aluminium‐ and calcium‐exchanged humic acid preparations in aqueous suspensions at pH 4. The application of the continuous‐flow method is outlined and the fit of the isotherms to three sorption equations is examined. Microcalorimetry was used to measure directly the differential enthalpies of reaction as functions of sorptive concentrations. Exchange by hydrazinium ions of the exchangeable cations on the humates, chemisorption by interaction of hydrazine with humate carbonyl groups, and non‐specific sorption involving weakly‐ and strongly‐held hydrazinium ions and hydrazine molecules are shown to be the major sorption processes in these systems. The relative importance of each of these processes for the different hydrazine/humate systems is discussed, and the influence of the exchangeable cation on humate reactivity is considered.

Ion selectivity of the apical membrane Na channel in the toad urinary bladder.

The ion selectivity of the apical membrane Na channel in the toad urinary bladder was investigated. The electrical potential difference and resistance across the basal-lateral membrane were reduced using high concentrations of KCl in the serosal bathing medium, and gradients for various ions were imposed across the apical membrane by altering the composition of the mucosal bathing medium. Ion fluxes through the channel were measured as the transepithelial current inhibited by amiloride, a specific blocker of the channel's Na conductance. The selectivity sequence for alkali metal cations was H greater than Li greater than Na much greater than K. K permeability was barely detectable; the selectivity for Na over K was about 1000:1. Ammonium, hydroxyl ammonium and hydrazinium ions were, like K, virtually impermeant. The results suggest that the size of the unhydrated ion is an important factor in determining permeability in this channel.

Interaction of hydrazine with copper(II) chloride in acidic solutions. Formation, spectral and magnetic properties, and structures of copper(II), copper(I), and mixed-valence species

Abstract : The reaction of hydrazine with copper(II) chloride in acidic aqueous solution has been shown to produce at least four distinct complexes. Hydrazine behaves as a reducing agent, leading to the white, diamagnetic copper(I) complex (N2H4)CuCl and the black paramagnetic mixed-valence copper(I,I,II) complex (N2H5)2Cu2Cl6. Blue and green copper(II) complexes (N2H5)2CuCl4 2H2O and (N2H5) CuCl3 are also formed. Infrared spectra establish the presence of coordinated hydrazinium ions in the blue, green, and black compounds. Structures are proposed for all of these materials based on spectroscopic and magnetic measurements.

Photoreduction by hydrazinium ions, quenching by hydrazines

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoreduction by hydrazinium ions, quenching by hydrazinesSalme Ojanpera, Abraham Parola, and Saul G. CohenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 23, 7379–7380Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1974https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00830a049RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views43Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (282 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

The influence of hydration on base strength. Part V. Hydrazines and oxyamines. Heats of solution and thermodynamics of ionization of the 20 methyl and ethyl substituted hydrazines. Isomerization equilibria for unsymmetrical hydrazinium ions. Substituent constants (σ* values) for amino-groups

Calorimetric heats of solution in water and in 0·1 M-hydrochloric acid are presented for the 20 methyl and ethyl substituted hydrazines. Their difference is given as the heat of neutralization of each hydrazine. The base strengths (pKa) of these hydrazines were determined at five temperatures between 10 and 40° and at several ionic strengths, permitting extrapolation to values at zero ionic strength (pKa0) and calculation of the heats of ionization. An equation is presented by means of which the pKa0 data are correlated with a root mean square deviation ca. 0·15 pK unit in terms of inductive substituent constants (Taft σ*) and hydration parameters dependent on the number of hydrogens on each nitrogen of a hydrazinium ion. It is shown how the equation can be used to calculate heats of ionization, changes in heat capacity on ionization of amines and hydrazines, and equilibrium constants for tautomerization of hydrazinium ions. The changes in heat capacity appear to be only a function of the difference between the σ* constants for hydrogen and the substituents replacing it. Calculated equilibrium constants for the tautomerization: R1R2NHNR3R4⇌ R1R2NNHR3R4 are presented for 26 unsymmetrical hydrazines, including phenylhydrazine. Published pKa0 data for six oxyamines are correlated with a root mean square deviation of 0·08 pK unit.

Mechanism of positive inotropic actions of hydrazinium ions on bullfrog heart muscles.

An investigation was carried out on isolated bullfrog's ventricular muscles so as to study the mechanism of an increasing positive inotropic effect of hydrazine, using a conventional microelectrode technique and a force-displacement transducer; membrane potentials and isometric twitch tensions were observed. A low concentration, 1.5 to 15mM, of hydrazinium ions produced an increase of isometric twitch tension, having a shorter contractile duration with an increasing velocity of contraction and relaxation. The developments of twitch contractions illustrated a typical sigmoid curve. However, the shortened contractile duration with the deeper negative deflection of dT/dt remained after the increased contraction was returned to the initial value. These increasing twitches were markedly enhanced in the Ca++-rich solution as compared with those observed in normal Ringer's solution. The action potentials generated in the bullfrog's ventricular muscles revealed the shorter duration and the decreased maximum rate of rise of the action potential. Phase II, the late portion of the upstroke of the action potential, was augmented by hydrazine in the Na+-deficient and the Ca++-rich solutions. The resting potentials were slightly reduced.In conclusion, it is postulated that the positive inotropic actions of hydrazinium ions on this tissue are mainly due to the depolarization of cell membrane and the increasing permeability of cell membrane to calcium ions. In one respect, the mode of action of hydrazinium ions on these cells would be essentially similar to that of adrenaline.

Diamagnetic Susceptibility of Hydrazinium (1 +) and Hydrazinium (2 +) Compounds

The diamagnetic susceptibilities of a number of solid hydrazinium salts have been determined by the Gouy method. The results have been compared with the diamagnetic susceptibilities of the corresponding alkali and ammonium salts. It has been confirmed that the relationship between the molar susceptibility of alkali, ammonium, and hydrazinium (1 +) halides and the effective atomic number of the cation is a periodic one. The diamagnetism of the hydrazinium (1 +) and hydrazinium (2 +) ions was estimated to be (− 20.3 ± 0.3) × 10−6emu/mole. The magnetic susceptibility of the hydrazinium (2 +) ion has been treated theoretically in the LCAO MO approximation and a good agreement with the observed susceptibility value of this ion has been found. A theoretical prediction about the diamagnetic anisotropy of the hydrazinium (2 +) ion was made. The values calculated by the Van Vleck method are about 30% smaller in the x and y directions as compared with the z one. Only a 10% difference was obtained by Pople's MO theory.

Restoration of sodium-deficient frog nerve fibres by onium ions.

SINCE guanidinium ions have proved to be able to restore conduction of impulses by sodium-deficient frog A fibres1, it seemed desirable to ascertain whether other ionized compounds possessing a tetracovalent nitrogen atom (onium ions) also can substitute for sodium. An extensive, but not exhaustive, research has revealed that, in addition to guanidinium ions, five onium ions can restore conduction by sodium-deficient frog A fibres: formamidinium, amino-guanidinium, hydrazinium, hydroxylammonium and ammonium ions.

The Crystal Structure of Hydrazinium Difluoride

An x-ray analysis shows that crystalline hydrazinium difluoride is built upon a rhombohedral unit cell having a0=5.43A, α=38°10′, containing one molecular formula. The positions of the atoms have been determined and correspond to trans-hydrazinium ions which form linear hydrogen bonds to fluoride ions at the corners of an elongated octahedron. Each fluoride ion forms three hydrogen bonds to different hydrazinium ions, and condenses the octahedra into continuous layers. As a result of the packing of these layers to build up the structure, each nitrogen atom comes in contact with an ``extra'' fluoride ion and thereby assumes a coordination number of 5. Analysis of the N–N and N–H≡F distances of 1.42A and 2.62A, respectively, shows that each atom in the hydrazinium ion bears approximately ¼ of a unit of positive charge. The bearing of the structure of the ion on the adjacent charge rule is discussed. Some of the properties of the ion are interpreted in terms of the structure.