Hydraulic Network Research Articles

Метод компьютерного проектирования разветвленных трубопроводных гидравлических сетей с оптимальным количеством точек Штейнера

Метод компьютерного проектирования разветвленных трубопроводных гидравлических сетей с оптимальным количеством точек Штейнера

ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОЕ ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЕ ГИДРАВЛИЧЕСКИХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ВСАСЫВАЮЩИХ И НАПОРНЫХ ЛИНИЙ ГИДРАВЛИЧЕСКОГО ОБОРУДОВАНИЯ НАСОСНЫХ СТАНЦИЙ

When pumping equipment transporting liquid to the hydraulic network is operating, the flow rate, pressure losses, total energy, all these parameters are directly related to the efficiency value and the pressure line, and the entire fluid supply process is pulsating, there are practically no recommendations on this issue in modern literature. Methods. The paper presents the effect of the total energy of the pressure line on the hydraulic parameters of the suction line: - the effect of total energy on the hydraulic parameters of the suction line when the sampling points are changed by the consumer; - the influence of the hydraulic parameters of the pressure line on the permissible vacuum-metric suction height of hydraulic equipment. As a result of the analysis of the above dependencies, it shows that when the flow sampling points are changed by consumers, the hydraulic parameters of the pressure pipeline and, accordingly, the hydraulic parameters of the suction pipeline change under the condition of a constant value of H_г^2. The main results. Based on the analysis of the above table, it was found that with a constant value of the suction height Hгв = 3 m, the operation of the above example with a pump K90/85 is possible in one case, with a calculated excess of the permissible vacuum suction height H_доп^вак = 3,4 m above the value of the total energy in the suction pipeline Э1=3,8m on 0,4m. In other operational variants, the geometric suction height of the Hгв is unacceptably small, which leads to a complete cessation of supply. The novelty of the work. Calculation of the parameters of the K90/85 pump, the example given, can serve as an analogue of the calculation for all categories of centrifugal pumping equipment with a positive suction height. Conclusions. In the calculations of the pump head, it should be borne in mind that when the points of consumer consumption selection change and, accordingly, the total energy change, the pump head for each subsequent point should be calculated taking into account the decrease in the calculated difference in total losses and the high-speed head of the suction and pressure lines Δhв.

Classification and Assessment of Core Fractures in a Post-Fracturing Conglomerate Reservoir Using the AHP–FCE Method

To characterize the hydraulic fracture network of a conglomerate reservoir, a slant core well was drilled aimed to obtain direct information regarding hydraulic fractures through slant core at the conglomerate hydraulic fracturing test site (CHFTS). Core fracture classification was the fundamental issue of the project. In this study, three grade classifications for core fractures were proposed. Comprehensive classification of core fractures was carried out using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP)–fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) method. Finally, the fracture classification results were validated against numerical simulation. The grade-1 fracture classification included hydraulic fractures, drilling-induced fractures and core cutting-induced fractures. A total of 214 hydraulic fractures were observed. For the grade-2 classification, the hydraulic fractures were divided into 47 tensile fractures and 167 shear fractures. For the grade-3 classification, the shear fractures were subdivided into 45 tensile-shear fractures and 122 compression-shear fractures. Based on the numerical verification of the core fracture classifications, the dataset acquired was applied to analyze the spatial distribution of tensile and shear fractures. Results showed that the tensile fractures were mainly in the near-wellbore area with lateral distances of less than 20–25 m from the wellbore. The shear fractures were mainly in the far-wellbore area with lateral distances of 20–30 m from the wellbore. These results provide a basis for understanding the fracture types, density, and failure mechanisms of post-fracturing conglomerate reservoir.

Neural network pressure observerfor a turbomechanism electromechanical system powered by a wind generator

Ecological and economic production of electrical energy through the use ofalternative energy sources is an urgent direction due to the trend of increasing prices of energy carriers used in the electrical energy production and as a result of significant damage of the energy system of Ukraine in consequence of the war on the country territory.It is worth noting that in some areas it is possible to use only autonomous power generation systems, since the laying of electrical networks in these districts is impractical and unprofitable. Usually, the mentioned systems are basedon a combination of a wind or hydro turbine -drive motor, and an electric generator. Such systems are characterized by high resource, reliability, low cost,and complexity of maintenance. Sometimes people's lives and the possibility of communication withthe outside world depend on the operation of an autonomous electric power generation system, which is especially important in the conditions of martial law. At the same time, the lack of stabilization of the hydraulic networkpressureof the water supply system can lead to the household conditions aggravation, the emergency situations occurrence, and the technological process disruption.In view of the mentioned factors, there is a need to measure the pressure of the hydraulic network, which is possible byusing technological coordinatesobserversbuilt on the basis of the artificial networks theory. In the paper a modern turbomechanism electromechanical control systempowered by an alternative electrical energy source under the conditions of pressure stabilization of thehydraulic network when using atechnological coordinatesobserver, namely a pressure estimator, is proposed. A mathematical description of the main elements of the investigatedsystem is given. A hydraulic network pressure observerbased onthe artificial neural networks theory isbuilt and studied. Features of design and training of technological coordinate estimators based on neural networks with feedback are described. The operation of the sensorless system during thepressure stabilization at a given level when the resistance of the hydraulic network changes within the typical daily cycle of water consumption is considered on a specific example. The results and analysis of the investigationof the developed observerin standard and sensorless control systems are shown.

HYDRAULIC DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF DIFFERENT COMBINATIONS OF BLOCKS OPERATING IN TRICKLE IRRIGATION

There is little open-source software for trickle irrigation design and none of it is designed to simulate operating conditions on a specific hydraulic network already assembled in the field. Farmers employing trickle irrigation frequently need to change irrigation block operations over the years (parcel combinations), because of plant renovations in certain areas of the irrigated field or the adoption of precision irrigation. This work free software developed using Visual Basic® language that is able to simulate different block combinations of parcels, taking into consideration the pump parameters of flowrate, pressure, power requirements and efficiency and the main hydraulic network parameters of water speed, pressure and head loss. The software we developed was applied to a trickle irrigation system for citrus growing. The equations used to calculate head loss were Hazen-Williams and Darcy-Weisbach, and users could choose between these two equations depending on their application. The software worked efficiently for making the hydraulic calculations, providing simulations that graphically assisted users in choosing which combination of operation parcels (block combinations) and pump parameters (rotation speed and impeller diameter) for optimal operation of the irrigation system. The program ensured that the pressure along the irrigation network was compatible with the nominal operating pressure of the pipeline and safety valves.

A new multi-objective evolutionary algorithm for the optimization of water distribution networks

Abstract This work introduces a new bi-objective optimization model for the design of a water distribution network (WDN). Reliability and design cost are two contradicting objectives that are optimized. The evolutionary technique multi-objective (MO) Jaya, hereafter referred as MO-JAYANET, is developed for the optimal design of WDN. EPANET is used as a hydraulic network solver in this study. The concept of constraint violation, dominance, non-dominance and crowding distance is used to develop MO-JAYANET. As the Jaya algorithm is a parameter-less technique, and with the concept of constraint dominance involved in the MO model, the penalty parameter required to penalize the non-feasible solution is also dropped. This makes MO-JAYANET a completely parameter-less technique, requiring no tuning at all. MO-JAYANET is applied on two benchmark networks from the literature using three different reliability indices that are Resilience Index, Network Resilience Index, and Modified Resilience Index. MO-JAYANET is found to be very easy and efficient for WDN optimization. The present work obtains a smooth Pareto Front (PF) that overlaps the best-known PF. The maximum reliability diameters obtained by the MO-JAYANET for the three indices are also simulated for both hydraulic and mechanical failures under different scenarios to identify a better-performing index.

Initiation and Propagation of Multiple Fractures in the Horizontal Well of Shale Reservoirs Under Pulse Injection Hydraulic Fracturing

Pulse injection hydraulic fracturing (HF) can release high-energy peak pressure in a split-second, forming a complex hydraulic fracture network in shale reservoirs. However, the initiation and propagation of multiple fractures in the horizontal well of shale reservoirs under pulse injection HF have been inadequately studied. Hence, in this study, a HF model coupling the fracturing fluid flow along the fracture and the rock deformation was adopted, and the effect of the pulsed injection method on multistage HF of horizontal wells was determined. The results show that the pulsed injection HF can improve the fracturing effect of horizontal wells. However, no matter how the injection displacement and pulse frequency change, the propagation length of cracks at both ends seriously disturbed by stress almost remains unchanged. When the dominant fracture is temporarily shielded, the fluid pressure of the non-dominant fractures at both ends disturbed by stress compression increases, and the non-dominant fractures can be further expanded. Thus, a new composite multistaged HF scheme suitable for horizontal wells with pulse-temporary shielding in shale reservoirs was proposed. The method presented here can be adopted to optimize the fracture growth regime and provide a scientific basis for the fracturing operation of the horizontal well in shale reservoirs.

Thermal destressing: Implications for short-circuiting in enhanced geothermal systems

Viable Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) require (1) access to large reservoir volumes at high temperatures and (2) sufficient permeability for large production flow rates. However, working fluid injection might quickly decrease the recoverable heat energy. Thermal destressing increases fracture transmissivity and reduces the production temperature. Large fracture openings cause the injection fluid to localize in a single fracture, or a few dominant fractures, and leads to thermal short-circuiting within the EGS hydraulic network. This work provides novel numerical simulations of a multi-fracture EGS that models the fracture aperture from initially closed to mechanically open. Fractures are modeled as discontinuities within a three dimensional thermo-poroelastic rock mass. We derived weak-form equations of mass balance, energy balance, and mechanical contact for fractures and wells and coupled those equations to the Comsol Multiphysics base package. The simulations investigate the full reservoir behavior through coupling of fluid flow through wellbores and fractures with the surrounding rock. Results show that large in-situ stresses contribute to a uniform fluid flow distribution in the fracture network because high compressive contact stresses decrease fracture compressibility and prevent large fracture openings. Initial or late large fracture openings cause thermal short-circuiting and are more likely to arise in locations with low initial stress and compliant fractures. Geometrical and operational properties of the EGS hydraulic network can minimize the severity of thermal short-circuiting including wellbore diameter, fracture spacing, injector/producer lateral spacing, EGS doublet orientation, and number of transmissive fractures. Thermo-mechanical interference between fracture stages causes (1) larger fracture opening displacements and (2) thermal short-circuiting earlier in time. Distinct initial fracture geometries and compliance causes the EGS hydraulic network to flow a non-uniform distribution of the injection fluid from the beginning and tends to decrease heat recovery.

IRRIGATION AND LANDSCAPE COMMEMORATION IN NORTHERN ASSYRIA, THE ASSYRIAN CANAL AND ROCK RELIEFS IN FAIDA (KURDISTAN REGION OF IRAQ): PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE 2019 FIELD SEASON

This article presents the preliminary results of the joint Kurdish-Italian Faida Archaeological Project (KIFAP) conducted by the Duhok Directorate of Antiquities and the University of Udine at the Assyrian Faida canal and rock art complex in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Investigation of this extraordinary and seriously endangered archaeological site was launched in 2019 and has led to the exploration of an 8.6 km-long irrigation canal cut into the limestone bedrock of the Chiya Daka hill range in the outskirts of the village of Faida, south of Duhok. Ten monumental sculpted rock panels carved along the canal's eastern bank were brought to light, representing an Assyrian ruler depicted at both ends of each panel, framing the cult statues of seven deities standing on pedestals shaped like striding animals. This article discusses the canal's role in the wider context of the Northern Assyrian Irrigation System and the function of the Assyrian hydraulic networks as economic infrastructures with transformative effects on the landscape and staple food production of the empire's core. The Faida bas-reliefs are examined from an archaeological and art historical perspective, and hypotheses are proposed about their religious and ideological meaning, as well as their dating and the identity of the king or kings who commissioned them.

Study on the Hydraulic Fracturing Failure Behaviour of Granite and Its Comparison with Gas Fracturing

Efficient technology is needed to realise reservoir stimulation for deep geothermal energy exploitation. However, the main control parameters of traditional hydraulic fracturing technology are not clear, as well as their coupling effects; besides, the damage mechanism of novel gas fracturing technology is still not determined, which restricts the mining of hot dry rock resources. Therefore, through a series of true triaxial hydraulic fracturing tests, this paper explores the coupling effect of horizontal stress difference and injection rate on hydraulic fracturing; then, the cohesive element is used to establish hydraulic fracturing and gas fracturing models under the same test conditions. Differences in fracture width and fracture network morphology between the two technologies were compared, and the rock-breaking effects in in-situ reservoirs were analysed. The results show that the breakdown pressure of granite increases gradually with the increase of injection rate, at the small horizontal stress difference; but this trend is opposite at the large horizontal stress difference. Under a higher horizontal stress difference, the increment of the maximum fracture width of gas fracturing becomes larger than that of hydraulic fracturing after increasing the injection rate. When the fracturing cluster spacing is reduced, the fracture width and length of gas fracturing gradually become larger than those of hydraulic fracturing; when the injection rate is increased, the hydraulic fracturing network becomes more complex than gas fracturing. This study can provide useful information for applying hydraulic fracturing and gas fracturing in deep geothermal reservoirs.

Hydraulic fracture network propagation in a naturally fractured shale reservoir based on the “well factory” model

In different geological and engineering conditions, it is important to study the stress interference of multiple fractures and interaction of natural fractures in “well factory” fracturing to improve the complexity of fracture networks. For this purpose, a 2D, coupled stress-seepage-damage field cohesive model with random propagation of hydraulic fracture was developed, and a random function was used to simulate the natural fractures distribution in a real reservoir. Orthogonal test was designed to investigate the geological and engineering parameters impacting the evolution of zipper fracturing and modified zipper fracture networks. The results show that in naturally fractured reservoirs, hydraulic fracture can open natural fractures and promote the formation of complex fracture networks by combined, induced manner. Higher stress differences lead to simpler fracture networks and straighter hydraulic fracture propagation paths; When pre-existing natural fracture is longer, the propagation direction of hydraulic fracture is more likely to be paralleled with natural fracture; However, the stress shadow effect of multiple fractures may potentially lead to failure of some hydraulic fracture initiation. In addition, the fracture initiation sequence of multiple fractures has a significant effect on the evolution of the fracture networks. The results of the study have important significance for parameter optimization of well factory fracturing in naturally fractured reservoirs.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ СПОСОБІВ КЕРУВАННЯ ВЕНТИЛЬНО-ІНДУКТОРНИМ ПРИВОДОМ НАСОСНОГО ОБЛАДНАННЯ З ЦИКЛІЧНИМ НАВАНТАЖЕННЯМ

The electromechanical water supply system of a multi-storey building based on a switched reluctance motor is considered. A simulation model of the hydraulic network and criteria for evaluating the quasi-steady modes effectiveness of pumping equipment are given. A study of a centrifugal pump operational and energy characteristics has been carried out when adjusting its rotational speed to determine the frequencies at which the compliance of the pump pressure and flow with the hydraulic network requirements is ensured. Simulation models of control systems have been developed that provide the switched reluctance motor speeds at levels corresponding to specified flow rates of the hydraulic system pumping equipment, by means the phase voltage pulse-width regulation or the phase current limitation level adjustment. Comprehensive studies and comparative analysis of the switched reluctance centrifugal pump drive control principles were carried out according to the criteria for evaluating energy efficiency when regulating the rotational speed and changing the switching angles. As a result of this study, it was found that both pumping unit drive control principles provide its necessary productivity and are close in efficiency - a slightly higher efficiency can be achieved using the phase voltage pulse-width regulation of the switched reluctance motor with a changing the switching angles. References 10, figures 8.

A design of underwater soft gripper with water pressure sensing and enhanced stiffness

AbstractIn this paper, a hydraulic soft gripper for underwater applications is designed to provide a solution for improving the gripping force as well as the sensing capability of the soft gripper. The soft gripper is made of silicone and has an integrated semi-circular hydraulic network inside. To enhance the rigidity and grasping performance of the soft gripper, we have integrated a restriction layer consisting of a spring steel plate in the soft gripper. Meanwhile, to enhance the sensing capability of this soft gripper, we have designed a water pressure sensor based on resistance strain gauges and integrated it on the spring steel plate. Before fabrication, we determined the structural parameters of the soft gripper by geometric analysis. Then we experimentally evaluated its pressure-bearing capacity, bending performance, the role of spring steel plates, and the accuracy of the sensor.The experimental results show that the spring steel plate improves the gripping force of the soft gripper, the sensor also has high accuracy, and the built four-finger gripping system has good adaptability to objects of different shapes and weights.Compared with the existing solutions, this solution takes a simpler structural form while improving the gripping force and sensing ability of the soft gripper, and integrates the issues of improving the gripping force and sensing ability. The spring steel plate used in this paper not only improves the gripping force of the soft gripper but also provides a stable and reliable platform for installing sensors.

Comparative Evaluation on the Coupled Fracture Characteristics for Longmaxi Anisotropic Shale

Abstract The shale fracture characteristics are important for realizing the complex hydraulic fracture network, predicting wellbore fracture pressure, and optimizing wellbore trajectory and the rock fragmentation efficiency. Through a three-point bending test of notched semicircular specimens of Longmaxi shale, the coupled relationship of mode-I fracture toughness (Kic), peak fracture force (Pmax), energy release rate (GI), applied work (W), and loading rate was studied by using kernel density analysis method. The results showed that the dynamic characteristics of force-displacement curve exhibited obvious loading angle dependence, including two types of the “deformation accumulation-brittleness” and “deformation accumulation-brittleness-plasticity.” The Kic and GI increased linearly with Pmax increasing. With the increasing of the loading angle, the dispersion degree of Pmax, Kic, GI, and W all increased. The GI increased nonlinearly with the increasing of Kic. With the increasing of the loading rate, the Kic basically increased linearly. The dynamic Kic under static and quasistatic conditions had strong anisotropy. At the high loading rate, the anisotropy index gradually decreased as the loading rate increasing. The results have significant implications for the design of hydraulic fracturing and the exact fracture control of Longmaxi shale.

Model Calibration for a Hydraulic Network Using Genetic Algorithms

This paper addresses the problem of parameter calibration in pipelines based on a Genetic Algorithm (GA). The parameters under consideration are the pipe roughness and the minor loss coefficient caused by fittings like valves, elbows, and couplings. These parameters cannot be directly measured, and their accuracy plays an essential role in successfully implementing leak diagnosis algorithms. The proposed GA generates calibrated values for both pipe roughness and minor loss coefficient by minimizing the root mean squared error (RMSE) in predicting pressures. The method was implemented in MATLAB and the calibration was validated in an experimental network by comparing the pressure heads measured at the nodes of the network and those from the calibrated model simulated with EPANET.

Numerical Investigation of Hydraulic Fracture Network Formation of Jointed Shale with Oriented Perforation

This paper aims at exploring the fracture evolution as well as capturing the fracture network formation of jointed shale during hydraulic fracturing process by numerical simulation using the Rock Failure Process Analysis System of Flow (RFPA—Flow). The simulations were successfully completed following two stages. In the first stage, a series of simulations are performed to investigate the influence of different angle-oriented perforations on fracture initiation and propagation. The simulation results agreed well with the experimental results confirming the validity of the RFPA-Flow code in the application. In the second stage, extensive hydraulic fracturing simulations on jointed shale with different angled-joint planes and different angle-oriented perforations were performed. The simulation results demonstrated that the fracture evolution changes significantly as the magnitude of α (the angle between perforation and the joint plane) increased. It was found that a large α value could lead to a larger the tensile stress region around the fracture tip resulting in more joint planes pulled apart. It could also induce more secondary fractures and hence a more complex fracture could be formed. As a result, the α value of 60° to 90° were found to aid in the fracture network generation. On the other hand, the angle β being the angle between the parallel joints and the maximum stress direction was another important factor in fracture evolution. Its influence on fracturing performance was similar to angle α. It was found that the initiation and breakdown pressure of jointed shale were in proportional to the magnitude of angle β. Therefore, this paper introduced an efficient approach to promote the formation of a complex fracture network in jointed shale with the presence of oriented perforation, which could offer valuable guidance for the design of unconventional reservoir reconstruction.

Quantification of long-term fate and health-risk of remobilized radiocesium through porous and fractured aquifers below a dam

Understanding the long-term fate and transport of radiocesium (137Cs) through porous and fractured aquifers is critical for the risk assessment of nuclear accidents. In particular, characterizing 137Cs transport below a dam storing potable water is critical for assessing the risk of 137Cs migration. In this study, a 2D cross-sectional aquifer model was developed based on Paldang Reservoir in South Korea, and transport of desorbed 137Cs beneath a dam was investigated systematically. Various scenarios investigated 137Cs transport within the reported ranges of distribution coefficient (Kd) and local temperature conditions (basal heat flow and reservoir-bottom temperature) affecting the 137Cs desorption rate and hydrogeologic heterogeneity (hydraulic conductivity and fracture networks). The characteristics of the 137Cs plume represented by the average plume concentration and the migration rate of the mass center were assessed, and the health risk of chronic exposure for humans was predicted. In base-case (K=8.64×10−2 m/day and Kd=10 mL/g), approximately 0.06 % of initially released 137Cs was transported downstream over 300 years; the maximum migration rate was 5.1×10−4 m/day, and a maximum annual radioactive dose was 4.5 mSv/y after 230 years. The notable effect of Kd on the migration rate (5.1×10−5 ∼ 9.9×10−4 m/day) and annual dose (9.1×10−11 ∼ 130 mSv/y) indicates that the Kd is a critical parameter that controls the transport of 137Cs in the subsurface aquifer. The effect of temperature on 137Cs transport was relatively insignificant, but it still had a noticeable effect, especially on the desorption rate. In addition, 50 realizations of heterogeneous K and Kd were generated to evaluate the influence of physical and chemical heterogeneity on 137Cs transport. The migration rate and annual dose of 137Cs plume showed large variability when K and Kd were correlated. Finally, 137Cs transport was evaluated in fractured aquifers and assessed the importance of fracture orientation and connectivity.

Analysis of liquid spring damper for vertical landing reusable launch vehicle with network-based methodology

This paper presents the network-based modeling, validation and analysis of the nonlinear liquid spring damper model under vertical landing conditions of reusable launch vehicle. The impedance function of damper model is derived first. Then, its mechanical and hydraulic networks are newly established based on the hydro-mechanical analogy and network-based analysis. By comparing the networks between the corresponding symmetric and asymmetric structures, the meaning of each branch in the network is elucidated. After that, the validity of the network-based model for the liquid spring damper is confirmed by comparison against the experimentally verified nonlinear model in both frequency and time domain. The force and energy absorption characteristics of the damper model are further decomposed, and, specifically, the influence of the orifice area and orifice length on the attenuation performance is studied. The results show that the network-based model provides predictions consistent with those generated by the nonlinear model. The main discrepancy is attributed to the inaccuracy caused by the equivalent fluid bulk modulus. The network-based analysis indicates that the orifice area mainly influences the damping force in the network, which further affects the loads and efficiency of the damper. The orifice length mainly influences the inertia force in the network, which should be limited to a small value. The proposed novel interpretation of the damper models and responses under impact conditions constitutes a framework suitable for systematic design of typically highly nonlinear landing systems in reusable launch vehicles.

Solution for short-term generation scheduling of cascaded hydrothermal system with turbulent water flow optimization

For economic operation of hybrid power systems, short-term hydrothermal planning is a significant operation which is focused to reduce the fuel costs of thermal power plants while fulfilling the different constraints of electrical and hydraulic networks. This paper addresses a newly developed algorithm, turbulent water flow optimization (TWFO) to solve the hydrothermal scheduling problem. TWFO is based on the whirlpool phenomenon which is formed through turbulent flow of water in seas or oceans. To enrich the solution quality of TWFO and to avoid trapping into local optimum, a chaotic logistic map is employed in the algorithm. The proposed TWFO is used to offer an optimal hourly generation schedule of hydrothermal power system considering the spillage effects of hydro plants, and the valve point loading effects, transmission losses and multi-fuel sources of thermal power plants. Besides, a repair mechanism is applied to fulfil all the equality and inequality constraints and to govern the solutions in the direction of feasible search space. The superiority of the proposed TWFO is examined on three hybrid power systems and the results of TWFO are compared with the performance of recent heuristic approaches including monarch butterfly optimization, Harris hawks optimization, red fox optimizer, remora optimization algorithm, student psychology-based optimization, and other erstwhile approaches reported in the literature. Numerical results demonstrate that the TWFO shows a superior performance in comparison with other approaches.

Laboratory to field scale assessment for EOR applicability in tight oil reservoirs

Tight oil reservoirs are contributing a major role to fulfill the overall crude oil needs, especially in the US. However, the dilemma is their ultra-tight permeability and an uneconomically short-lived primary recovery factor. Therefore, the application of EOR in the early reservoir development phase is considered effective for fast-paced and economical tight oil recovery. To achieve these objectives, it is imperative to determine the optimum EOR potential and the best-suited EOR application for every individual tight oil reservoir to maximize its ultimate recovery factor. Since most of the tight oil reservoirs are found in wide spatial source rock with complex and compacted pores and poor geophysical properties yet they hold high saturation of good quality oil and therefore, every single percent increase in oil recovery from such huge reservoirs potentially provide an additional million barrels of oil. Hence, the EOR application in such reservoirs is quite essential. However, the physical understanding of EOR applications in different circumstances from laboratory to field scale is the key to success and similarly, the fundamental physical concepts of fluid flow-dynamics under confinement conditions play an important role. This paper presents a detailed discussion on laboratory-based experimental achievements at micro-scale including fundamental concepts under confinement environment, physics-based numerical studies, and recent actual field piloting experiences based on the U.S. unconventional plays. The objective of this paper is to discuss all the critical reservoir rock and fluid properties and their contribution to reservoir development through massive multi-staged hydraulic fracture networks and the EOR applications. Especially the CO 2 and produced hydrocarbon gas injection through single well-based huff-n-puff operational constraints are discussed in detail both at micro and macro scale.