Hydration Treatments Research Articles

The Impact of Stone Composition on Treatment Strategies for Patients with Urolithiasis: A Narrative Review.

Urolithiasis is a multifactorial condition where stone composition is critical in guiding treatment and prevention strategies. Advanced diagnostic techniques, such as infrared spectroscopy, provide precise stone analysis, enabling clinicians to tailor interventions based on specific stone types and associated metabolic abnormalities. Calcium oxalate monohydrate stones often require invasive approaches like percutaneous nephrolithotomy, while uric acid responds well to dissolution therapy. Cystine stones, linked to genetic cystinuria, necessitate lifelong management, including aggressive hydration, urinary alkalinization, and pharmacological treatments such as tiopronin. Stone composition significantly influences treatment decisions and recurrence prevention in urolithiasis. Integrating detailed compositional analysis into clinical practice enables personalized interventions, improving outcomes and reducing recurrence rates. Future research should focus on refining diagnostic techniques and exploring novel therapies to address the metabolic and environmental contributors to stone formation. Adopting a multidisciplinary, patient-centered approach is essential for advancing the management of urolithiasis.

Synergistic effects of heat and hydration treatments on mechanical and electrochemical characteristics of AlTiN coatings

Synergistic effects of heat and hydration treatments on mechanical and electrochemical characteristics of AlTiN coatings

GUAR GUM IN THERAPEUTICS: A SUCCINCT EXPLORATION

Guar gum, extracted from the seeds of Cyamopsis tetragonolobus, has gained prominence for its unique properties, forming a thick gel in water and releasing fatty acids through fermentation. Originating in Pakistan and India, it found industrial significance in the US during the 1940s. The galactomannan in guar's endosperm, a polysaccharide of d-mannose and d-galactose, imparts rapid solubility, pH stability, and biodegradability. Beyond its industrial applications, guar gum exhibits a myriad of health benefits. Delving into the botanical symphony of guar seeds reveals a poetic composition, and enzymatic exploration unravels the whimsical ballet of galactose side groups. Guar gum transcends its botanical origins to become a dietary sage, influencing serum cholesterol levels and aiding in weight management. Its journey through the digestive system orchestrates nuanced reductions in blood glucose and insulin, showcasing its potential for diabetes assistance.The manufacturing process involves splitting, hydration, and various treatments, resulting in guar gum's characteristics as a thickening agent with tasteless and odorless properties. Stability studies affirm its consistent performance over time, and its safety for target species, consumers, and the environment is established. Exploring guar gum's therapeutic applications reveals its potential in wound healing, inflammatory bowel disease treatment, and as a preventive measure against ulcers. Its role as a dietary fiber extends to managing irritable bowel syndrome symptoms, reducing blood sugar and cholesterol levels, promoting weight loss, and aiding in regular bowel movements. The article recommends a daily intake of 28g for adult women and 36g for men, achievable through the consumption of guar gum. Clinical studies demonstrate its positive impact on duodenal ulcers, providing relief, increasing satiety, and preventing symptoms. With its multifaceted applications, guar gum emerges as a fascinating substance intertwining chemistry, medicine, and industry.

Unveiling the effects of post-harvest hydration treatments on physical and engineering properties of different varieties of paddy

Effect of hot water hydration treatments at 70, 75 and 80 °C were studied on physical and engineering properties in 13 rice varieties differing in physico-chemical characteristics. Results revealed considerable effects of hydration temperatures on expression of traits understudy. Maximum percent change of the attributes over the control was observed at 80 °C. Top three characters that exhibited higher percent gain at 80 °C were angle of repose (15.17 %), bulk density (10.96 %), and tapped density (9.57 %), while top three characters exhibiting more reduction were Carr's Index (-8.21 %), equivalent diameter (-6.72 %), and L/B ratio (-5.92 %). Gravimetric and engineering properties depicted a linear relationship with hydration temperature. Intermediate and high amylose rice varieties were found to be more responsive to hot water hydration treatment. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) carried out with both i.e., control treatments and hydrated treatments at 80°C separately. In both the cases, first four principal components could explain 89.91 and 91.58 percent variation, respectively. The PCA-Biplot analysis grouped 13 varieties in four groups and 20 characters in three quadrants with changed composition, suggesting change in the expression of different characters due to the effect of hydration treatments. These results advocated the need for variety specific optimum hydration treatment recommendations for achieving desired output, which will aid in understanding the processing of Indian paddy varieties that possess wide variation in physico-chemical properties.

Enhancing Germination and Seedling Vigour of Interspecific F1 Hybrid Chilli Seeds through Priming with KNO3 and GA3

India is called a home for spices and also involved in the export. Chilli is an indispensable spice, essentially used in every Indian cuisine due to its pungency, taste, appealing odour and flavour. Quality seed is a key component for the successful agriculture, where the main objective is each seed should germinate and produce a vigorous seedling which ensures higher seed yield, productivity and also better storability to achieve good yield in the coming season. To achieve all the above said traits, the seed technologists have developed seed enhancement techniques. Seed enhancement techniques are post-harvest treatment of seeds to enhance the seed germination and seedling growth by facilitating the delivery of seeds with other materials at sowing time. This enhancement technique includes hydration treatments like seed priming and seed encapsulation like seed pelleting, which impacts significantly on seedling emergence and establishment. In this experiment study was conducted different priming treatments, seeds primed with KNO3 @ 1%, 2% and 3% and seeds primed with GA3 @ 50 ppm, 100 ppm and 150 ppm, the seeds treated with KNO3 @ 1% showed highest germination percentage, root, shoot, seedling length, seedling dry weight and seedling vigour index I and II which was followed by GA3 @ 50 ppm. Acknowledge of proper priming techniques in order to improve the germination in the seeds.

Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) in acute hospitalized older patients focused on hydration.

Acutely ill older patients frequently suffer not only from their acute disease, but also polymorbidity and frailty. Dehydration is another typical symptom, usually occurring in its both forms: low-intake dehydration and volume depletion. POCUS is goal-directed bedside ultrasound examination and several studies refer to its positive impact on hydration assessment. The aim of our study was to determine whether POCUS might influence (de)hydration diagnostics and/or treatments in older patients with acute illness. We randomized 120 acutely ill patients, aged ≥65 years, into POCUS and non-POCUS groups. All participants underwent routine laboratory tests, including haematocrit, serum and urine osmolality, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, BUN/creatinine ratio, and C-reactive protein (CRP). POCUS was performed twice during the first two days to determine chest and abdominal status, with inferior vena cava (IVC) measurements. Length of hospital stay (HL) and consumption of infused fluids (CIF) was evaluated too. Data were analysed with exploratory methods and appropriate statistics. Among all participants, the serum osmolality significantly correlated with age, BUN, creatinine and CIF. HL correlated with CRP and CIF. No significant correlations between IVC and other followed parameters were found. The POCUS group consumed significantly less infused fluids than the non-POCUS group, what could be influenced by POCUS examination of defined body compartments. Dehydration is a common feature in older individuals and its diagnostics is rather complicated. The role of POCUS in assessing hydration status remains unclear. However, our study showed, that ultrasound assessment provides next important information for comprehensive understanding of clinical status in older patients and can be beneficial for optimizing the treatment strategy, including fluid management decisions.

Potential of two hydration treatments for improvement of sunflower seed vigour

Seed deterioration is an unavoidable process to which seeds of oilseed plant species such as sunflower are especially sensitive. This study aimed to determine whether different invigoration techniques can improve the attributes of germination in sunflower and alleviate the effects of seed ageing. Both aged and non-aged seeds were subjected to invigoration by pre-soaking with distilled water and with 3% of KH2PO4for 24 hours at 25°C. Germination performance, seedling growth and SDS-PAGE protein profile were determined. The outcome of invigoration depended on the condition of the seeds: invigoration of seeds with both water and KH2PO4reduced the percentage of germination in non-aged seeds, while in aged seeds there was an increase in germination compared to the control. The SDS-PAGE seed protein profiles revealed that the low molecular weight proteins produced high-intensity bands and the high molecular weight proteins were in low concentrations. After accelerated ageing followed by H2O treatment, some bands of proteins appeared in the region of 2S albumins and were associated with a higher percentage of germination. Our results point out that invigoration treatments were more effective in low vigour seeds which can provide wide practical benefits.

A case of acute renal failure with COVID-19 under Molnupiravir treatment

Objective: Diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting are the most commonly reported mild side effects of Molnupiravir. However, this case shows that it may indirectly cause acute renal failure. Case: 67-Year-old male patient diagnosed with hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease developed severe nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea with the use of drugs. In the patient's examinations, severe deterioration in kidney functions occurred. The patient who developed acute tubular necrosis was taken to hemodialysis twice. Intravenous hydration and supportive treatments were started. In the follow-up, clinical and renal functions improved. In patients over 65 years of age and with comorbidities, the adverse effects of Molnupiravir should be considered and followed closely.

Acetylation and hydration treatment of recombinant spider silk fiber, and their characterization using 13C NMR spectroscopy

Spider dragline silks continue to attract many researchers because of the excellent mechanical properties and supercontraction behavior. In this paper, acetylation and hydration treatments of recombinant spider silk protein (RSP) were performed to improve the mechanical property of the RSP fiber. Both treatments increased the tensile strength significantly, while hydration treatment doubled the elongation-at-break of RSP fiber although acetylation did not change the elongation-at-break. Thus, remarkable increase in the toughness was attained by hydration treatment. A combination of three kinds of 13C solid-state NMR techniques was used to elucidate changes in the structure and dynamics of both non-acetylated and acetylated RSP fibers by hydration. From the NMR studies, it is noted that staggered packing arrangement of polyalanine crystalline region changed to rectangular arrangement by acetylation. By hydration, the mobilities of the glycine-rich region increased remarkably, while those of the crystalline polyalanine region did not change.

Discontinuous hydration improves germination and drought tolerance in Annona squamosa seedlings

The aim of this work was to determine if the discontinuous hydration of A. squamosa seeds benefit its seed germination and if the seedlings from these seeds have a greater tolerance to water deficit through the analysis of growth parameters. The experimental design was a completely randomized, in a 4x3 factorial, with four HD cycles in seeds (zero, one, two and three) and three water treatments (control with daily watering, and cycles of five and ten-intervals days between watering). Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, dry biomass, root/shoot ratio, leaf area, specific leaf area, and leaf area ratio were evaluated. Discontinuous hydration treatments benefited germination and promoted a better growth of the seedlings under water deficit cycles. The application of three HD cycles increased plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area and dry matter of the seedlings compared to the other cycles. On the other hand, water suppression caused a reduction in the growth of A. squamosa, especially at ten-day intervals between watering. HD cycles in the seeds improved drought tolerance in the seedlings, mainly when three HD cycles are applied to the seeds, suggesting this is a good technique to produce seedlings better tolerant to environments with reduced water availability.

Effects of Inorganic Salt Solutions on Vigour, Viability, Oxidative Metabolism and Germination Enzymes in Aged Cabbage and Lettuce Seeds.

This study assessed the potential of pre-hydration treatment with aqueous solutions (electrolysed [cathodic water; CW] and non-electrolysed) prepared from four different inorganic ion combinations: 1 mM CaCl2, 1 µm CaCl2 and 1 mM MgCl2 (CaMg, hereafter), 1 mM MgCl2 and 1 mM NaCl to invigorate controlled deteriorated (CDd) Brassica oleracea (cabbage) and Lactuca sativa (lettuce) seeds by assessing germination, vigour and biochemical markers (electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation products, protein carbonylation, and defence and germination associated enzymes) of oxidative stress. Additionally, the possible effects of pH of electrolysed CaMg and NaCl solutions were assessed. The inorganic salt solutions were applied to fresh seeds and seeds deteriorated to 75% viability (P75), 50% viability (P50) and 25% viability (P25); deionised water served as control. The pre-hydration treatment did not enhance normal seedling production in cabbage. However, Ca-containing and CW hydration treatments (CaCl2 CW, CaMg and CaMg CW [6.5], MgCl2 CW, NaCl CW and NaCl CW [6.5]) promoted normal seedling production of CDd lettuce seeds, while seedling vigour was enhanced by CaMg, CaMg CW (6.5), NaCl CW and NaCl CW (6.5) in CDd cabbage seeds, and CaCl2, CaCl2 CW, CaMg, CaMg CW (6.5), MgCl2 CW, NaCl CW and NaCl CW (6.5) in CDd lettuce seeds. The supplementation of Ca, a component of the ionised solutes, and/or the reducing potential of CW contributed to increased normal seedling production in lettuce seeds irrespective of the pH of treatment solutions or degree of deterioration. Overall, the pre-hydration treatments enhanced endogenous antioxidants leading to reduced levels of electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and enhanced germination enzyme activities in lettuce seeds. The study concluded that pre-hydration with selected inorganic salt solutions can invigorate debilitated lettuce seeds.

Effects of different hydration treatments on technological, physical, nutritional, and bioactive parameters of lentils

Effects of different hydration treatments on technological, physical, nutritional, and bioactive parameters of lentils

Hydro-Priming and Hydration-Dehydration Treatment Improve Seed Invigoration and Biotic Stress Tolerance

Weed infestation and biotic stresses often deteriorate seed quality and viability of crops by several mechanisms. The objective of the present study is to assess the methodology to increase seed viability by two consecutive hydration and dehydration treatments of hydro-primed crop seeds under biotic stresses. The effect of treatments was assessed in Solanum melongena L. as target crop and Amaranthus spinosus L. and A. viridae L. as weed species used as stress agent. The physiological parameters like germination percentage, seed viability, and vigor of target crop were increased by a factor of twice to thrice while T50 values were reduced after treatments with the association of weed plants. While the biochemical parameters like leaching of soluble carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, and electrolytes were reduced after treatments compared to the untreated one. The proline content was also increased in the treated seed samples. The activity of amylase was decreased while dehydrogenase was increased after treatments. Thus the hydro-priming and hydration-dehydration treatments had improved seed health and lesser weed seed viability. Therefore, hydro-priming-hydration-dehydration treatment of target crop plants might be helpful to increase crop yield and also to reduce the stress effects due to biotic stress factors in the agricultural fields.

Two enteral solutions with different chloride concentrations administered by naso-ruminal route for fluid therapy in adult cattle

ABSTRACT: Six adult Holstein cows were used in this fluid therapy study. All animals were previously submitted to 24 hours of water and food abstaining period and submitted to both hydration treatments for eight hours in a crossover design 6x2. Two treatments with hypotonic solutions (190 mOsm/L) with low strong ion difference and different chloride concentrations solutions were executed. Physical, biochemical, blood gas analysis and urinary evaluation were executed in five different experimental times (T-24h, T0h, T4h, T8h e T24h). The hydration period caused plasmatic volume expansion. An increase in faeces humidity, excretion of Na+ and Cl- in urine, reduction of PCV, osmolarity, blood and urinary pH was observed. Both solutions can be used for fluid therapy for adult cattle and solution containing calcium chloride (SECaCl) was the most suitable for use in animals with hypochloraemia.

Changes in the Local Structure of Nephila clavipes Dragline Silk Model Peptides upon Trifluoroacetic Acid, Low pH, Freeze-Drying, and Hydration Treatments Studied by 13C Solid-State NMR.

The conformational analysis of spider dragline silks is difficult because of the amorphous character of the silks. In this article, the fractions of several conformations were determined for three 47-mer peptides, (Glu)4(Ala)6GlyGly12Ala13Gly14GlnGlyGlyTyrGlyGlyLeuGlySerGlnGly25Ala26Gly27-ArgGlyGlyLeuGlyGlyGlnGly35Ala36Gly37(Ala)6(Glu)4, with three underlined 13C-labeled blocks using a 13C CP/MAS NMR method. The conformations of the 13C-labeled sites change significantly depending on the location of the labeled blocks when treated with trifluoroacetic acid, low pH, and freeze-drying. The conformations of Ala36 and Gly37 residues are strongly influenced by the specific conformation of the (Ala)6 sequence at the C-terminal side, but those of other residues, Ala13 and Gly14, and Ala 26 and Gly27, are basically not influenced by the conformations of (Ala)6. Through hydration of the β-sheet peptide, sharp peaks with random coil could be observed depending on the position of the residue, and this result could be interpreted via the change in the Ramachandran map obtained from the molecular dynamics simulation.

The influence of low-temperature hydration methods on the stability of Cu-SAPO-34 SCR catalyst

Low-temperature hydration experiments are designed to explore the influence of hydration time and cycle hydration on the stability of Cu-SAPO-34 catalyst. All the hydration treatments are conducted at 80 °C. Experiments on the impact of hydration time reveal that a fast activity loss for Cu-SAPO-34 occurs at the initial hydration stage of 30 min, and further extending the time until 24 h only leads to a much slower drop rate. Conversely, cycle hydration, which is close to the working conditions of the SCR catalyst, causes a continuous activity drop as the increase of hydration cycles (steaming for 30 min/cycle). Multiple characterizations reveal that in comparison with hydration time method, cycle hydration induces a faster loss of acid sites and decrease of reducibility of isolated Cu2+ to Cu+, both of which cause the severer deactivation of the catalyst. This occurs due to the repeated high-temperature treatments involved in the cycle hydration treatment, which promote the migration of Cu ions among the CHA cages, cause a fast deterioration of Brönsted acid sites, and thus obviously alter the micro-environments of Cu ions and their reducibility.

Water-Switchable Interfacial Bonding on Tooth Enamel Surface.

Tooth enamel is a distinctive nanocomposite with a highly organized hierarchical structure made of nanometer- and micrometer-scale building blocks. This structure has an excellent mechanical function that can last for decades thanks to an effective but underexploited interfacial chemical bonding between the building blocks. In this study, the nanomechanical system test (NST), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD, including powder XRD or PXRD, small angle XRD or SAXRD, and grazing incidence small angle XRD or GISAXRD), and atomic force microscope (AFM) have been employed to analyze the water-mediated bonding on the enamel surface. Via the cycling between hydration, dehydration, and rehydration treatments, a reversible change in the interfacial distance (i.e., d-space in the XRD pattern) between hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanocrystallites have been found switchable between the embrittling and toughening on the enamel surface. From the hydrated to the dehydrated conditions, an energy dissipation to deform a unit volume (1 μm3) of biocomposite on the enamel surface and subsurface has decreased by 20%. This finding can help quantify and predict biomineral-surface properties in all humidity and develop new methods to protect tooth enamel of "dry-mouth" patients.

The hatching process and mechanisms of adaptive hatching acceleration in hourglass treefrogs, Dendropsophus ebraccatus

Environmentally cued hatching is well documented in anurans, enabling embryos to escape diverse threats. However, knowledge of anuran hatching mechanisms is limited and based largely on aquatic-breeding species without known plasticity in hatching timing. Generally, hatching gland cells produce a hatching enzyme that degrades the vitelline membrane. We investigated hatching and its regulation in terrestrial embryos of hourglass treefrogs, Dendropsophus ebraccatus, which accelerate hatching to escape dehydration. We specifically tested if changes in hatching gland cell development or hatching enzyme gene expression are associated with accelerated hatching. We measured perivitelline chamber size of well-hydrated eggs over development as an indicator of breakdown of the vitelline membrane and found that the size of the perivitelline chamber increased steadily until hatching, suggesting gradual hatching enzyme release and vitelline membrane degradation. Hatching gland cells peaked in abundance and began regression substantially prior to hatching, but we found no developmental differences in the abundance or surface area of hatching gland cells between dry and well-hydrated embryos. Hatching enzyme gene expression also peaked early in development then declined, with no difference between hydration treatments. In D. ebraccatus breakdown of the vitelline membrane appears gradual, mediated by hatching enzyme release starting long before hatching. However, hatching acceleration is not associated with ontogenetic changes in hatching gland cell development or hatching enzyme gene expression. This hatching process contrasts with that of red-eyed treefrogs, Agalychnis callidryas, which appear to release enzyme acutely at hatching, yet both species are capable of hatching to escape acute threats.

Hatching phenology, life history and population dynamics of the Oriental clam shrimp Eulimnadia indocylindrova Durga Prasad and Simhachalam with notes on phenology patterns in the Spinicaudata

ABSTRACTWe studied the natural history, hatching phenology and egg bank composition of the Oriental spinicaudatan clam shrimp Eulimnadia indocylindrova Durga Prasad and Simhachalam using both field studies and ex situ sediment rehydration. Field observations revealed that hatching began very early (1–2 days) after inundation, and continued for about 5 days. Mature adults could be observed by 10 days, and they survived up to 16 days. The population showed a largely hermaphrodite-biased sex ratio (male:hermaphrodite 1:3) observed over three years, with a decrease in number of males throughout the hydroperiod. Both amphigenic and monogenic hermaphrodites were observed. The total lifetime fecundity recorded was about 300 eggs laid in multiple clutches. The egg bank composition showed a high proportion of intact eggs, indicative of predictable hydrations and low sediment adversity. Hatching began on the first day post-inundation for all successive cyclical hydration treatments, with peak hatching on days 2 and 3. Hatching rate was highest (57% of total hatching in successive cycles) for the first hydration, decreasing subsequently for the further hydrations. Hatching duration decreased with successive hydrations and was the longest (around 7 days) for the first hydration. Maximum hatching (93%) occurred in the first 10 days for the continuous hydration treatment. Overall, the total emergence of nauplii in successive hydrations was larger than that observed for the continuous hydration treatment, indicative of a risk-spreading strategy across hydroperiods. Early and concentrated naupliar emergence, along with decreased hatching durations for successive cycles, was observed for all the hydrations. A survey of literature revealed a general lack of data on hatching phenology of clam shrimps, particularly from tropical and sub-tropical regions. Based on the available data, it appears that hatching patterns, particularly high, early hatching fractions, are commonly observed in Spinicaudata species, and do not seem to differ much across biogeographical regions.

Organic Seed Hydration-Dehydration Techniques Improve Seedling Quality of Organic Tomatoes

The use of pre-sowing organic hydration-dehydration techniques to improve quality and performance of organic seeds has already been lacking in the literature as well as in the organic farming regulations of different countries. Hence, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of organic hydration (hydropriming and organic priming) and dehydration treatments on germination and early seedling growth in organic tomato seeds. Following each priming treatment, the seeds were surface dried and divided into two sub-groups. First part of the seeds was taken to the germination tests immediately while the second part was dried back until the original seed moisture content was reached before the germination tests were set up. Then, responses of organic tomato seeds to organic hydration and dehydration treatments were observed on the bases of viability (normal germination rate) and different vigour parameters such as mean germination time, germination index, seedling dry weight and seedling vigour index. When the overall data were assessed, the best results were obtained from the hydropriming and organic priming with 250 ppm seaweed extract solution followed by both dehydration treatments in organic tomato seeds. Consequently, these results suggested that hydropriming and organic priming could be used both in seed and seedling industries to improve organic seed quality and performance. Furthermore, the results indicated that the addition of these organic hydration-dehydration protocols to the current procedures of the regulations of organic tomato production could be a useful strategy.Key words:Â Lycopersicon esculentum, Ascophyllum nodosum, hydropriming, organic priming, seed viability, seed vigour