Production Of Hybrids Research Articles

Slow Freeze‐Thaw Cycles Enhanced Hybridization of Kilobase DNA with Long Complementary Sticky Ends

AbstractThe creation of large information molecules may have played an essential role in the origins of life. In this study, we conducted slow freeze‐thaw (F/T) experiments to test the possibility of enhanced hybridization between the complementary sticky ends attached to kilobase‐sized DNA fragments at sub‐nanomolar concentrations. DNA fragments of 2‐ and 3‐kilobase pairs (kbp) with 50‐base complementary sticky ends that can form 5 kbp‐sized hybridization products were mixed. While simple incubation provided little hybridization product, significantly effective hybridization was observed after freezing and thawing at a controlled time rate (<0.3 K min−1), even with small DNA concentrations (<1 nM). Furthermore, slow thawing had a more effect on hybridization than slow freezing. The reaction efficiency was reduced by rapid thawing instead of slow thawing, suggesting that the eutectic phase concentration played an important role in hybridization. A slow F/T cycle was effective even for the hybridization reaction between two 10 kbp DNA fragments, which yielded a 20 kbp product at sub‐nanomolar concentrations. Repeating the slow F/T cycle significantly improved the reaction efficiency. The possible role of the F/T cycles in early Earth environments is discussed here.

Two-layer cascaded catalytic hairpin assemblies based on locked nucleic acids for one-step and highly sensitive ctDNA detection.

Enzyme-free signal amplification of catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) has enabled sensitive detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in early clinical diagnosis. Conventional CHA strategies are restrained by the limited amplification efficiency of the single-stage system, and signal leakage from "breathing" influence and nuclease degradation. Here, we introduced two-layer cascaded locked nucleic acid (LNA)-assisted CHA circuits with the intelligent incorporation of LNA in the hairpins and reporter for the highly sensitive one-step detection of scarce ctDNA. The target-triggered upstream CHA reaction continuously generates hybrid products to catalyze the downstream CHA reaction for transducing the primary sensing event, and the released target and the produced hybrid product trigger the next catalytic reaction round at the same time and finally cascade to amplify the target ctDNA fluorescence output signal. Meanwhile, the stronger binding affinity of the LNA-DNA duplex endows the two-layer LNA-assisted CHA system with thermodynamic stability and nuclease resistance, and thus our designed system exhibits an excellent detection performance for target ctDNA in the range from 2 pM to 5 nM with a low detection limit of 0.6 pM. Significantly, the two-layer LNA-assisted CHA circuits have been successfully implemented for the feasible analysis of clinical samples. This two-layer cascaded LNA-assisted CHA strategy provides a promising high sensitivity tool for one-step detection of scarce ctDNA from complex clinical samples and would facilitate the reconfiguration of DNA circuit-based DNA nanotechnology for the precise analysis of other biomarkers in clinical research fields.

Optionally green: The effect of hybrid product default policy on consumer response to hybrid products

AbstractIn today's marketplace, products can feature both “green” and “non‐green” attributes and consumers, with the press of a button, can select their preferred operating mode (green vs. nongreen). In this research, we define such products as hybrid, arguing that their choice architecture design—specifically, the default operational mode—plays a pivotal role in influencing consumer evaluation and purchase behavior. In four experiments, we found that consumers view a hybrid product as more environmentally friendly when the green mode is the default setting and can be turned off (opt‐out), rather than when the green mode must be activated (opt‐in). Specifically, we show that, when efficiency (vs. effectiveness)—related attributes are valued, the opt‐out (vs. opt‐in) default policy enhances purchase behavior. Moreover, we find that this effect is mediated by green attribute centrality, in that consumers perceive the opt‐out (vs. opt‐in) default policy as more central. Finally, we find that the effect of default policy is stronger for consumers with an analytical, as opposed to a holistic, thinking style. This article contributes to both default policy and hybrid product literature and provides managerial implications for the design and promotion of hybrid products.

Bacterial Cellulose: A Sustainable Source for Hydrogels and 3D-Printed Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering.

Bacterial cellulose is a biocompatible biomaterial with a unique macromolecular structure. Unlike plant-derived cellulose, bacterial cellulose is produced by certain bacteria, resulting in a sustainable material consisting of self-assembled nanostructured fibers with high crystallinity. Due to its purity, bacterial cellulose is appealing for biomedical applications and has raised increasing interest, particularly in the context of 3D printing for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. Bacterial cellulose can serve as an excellent bioink in 3D printing, due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ability to mimic the collagen fibrils from the extracellular matrix (ECM) of connective tissues. Its nanofibrillar structure provides a suitable scaffold for cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation, crucial for tissue regeneration. Moreover, its mechanical strength and flexibility allow for the precise printing of complex tissue structures. Bacterial cellulose itself has no antimicrobial activity, but due to its ideal structure, it serves as matrix for other bioactive molecules, resulting in a hybrid product with antimicrobial properties, particularly advantageous in the management of chronic wounds healing process. Overall, this unique combination of properties makes bacterial cellulose a promising material for manufacturing hydrogels and 3D-printed scaffolds, advancing the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Allogamy, metaxenia and hybrids in orchids, what do we know about it?

Orchids are a diverse group of plants, also manifested in their great diversity of flowers. Despite this, orchids are pollinated either through autogamy or allogamy (geitonogamy and xenogamy). Although there are some autogamous orchids, the majority are allogamous, mainly pollinated by xenogamy since they present physical or genetic barriers that prevent self-pollination. In addition, orchids are known for their capacity for interspecific pollination, which could influence fruits (metaxenia) and seeds (xenia) production. Its capacity for hybridization represents an opportunity to produce organisms tolerant to biotic or abiotic stress, in addition to exhibiting new shapes, colors and fragrances; this would be important in horticulture, where the proper selection of parents provides those advantages to the descendant hybrids. This review addresses the characteristics of each type of reproduction systems in orchids, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. At the same time, the study of the induction effect of metaxenia and xenia in this family is proposed. Finally, the production of orchid hybrids is contextualized and the opportunities of this approach in the near future.

A CRISPR/Cas9-induced male-sterile line facilitating easy hybrid production in polyploid rapeseed (Brassica napus).

Rapeseed is a globally significant oilseed crop cultivated to meet the increasing demand for vegetable oil. In order to enhance yield and sustainability, breeders have adopted the development of rapeseed hybrids as a common strategy. However, current hybrid production systems in rapeseed have various limitations, necessitating the development of a simpler and more efficient approach. In this study, we propose a novel method involving the targeted disruption of Defective in Anther Dehiscence1 of Brassica napus (BnDAD1), an essential gene in the jasmonic acid biosynthesis pathway, using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, to create male-sterile lines. BnDAD1 was found to be dominantly expressed in the stamen of rapeseed flower buds. Disrupting BnDAD1 led to decreased levels of α-linolenic acid and jasmonate in the double mutants, resulting in defects in anther dehiscence and pollen maturation. By crossing the double mutant male-sterile lines with male-fertile lines, a two-line system was demonstrated, enabling the production of F 1 seeds. The male-sterile trait of the bndad1 double mutant lines was maintainable by applying exogenous methyl jasmonate and subsequently self-pollinating the flowers. This breakthrough holds promising potential for harnessing heterosis in rapeseed and offers a simpler and more efficient method for producing hybrid seeds.

Contribution to the Embryology, Sporoderm and Spermoderm Pattern of <I>Bothriochloa pertusa</I> (L.) A. Camus, <I>Capillipedium filiculme</I> (Hook.F.) Stapf and <I>Dichanthium annulatum</I> (Forssk.) Stapf with a Brief discussion on its Taxonomic Status

Embryological features in Bothriochloa pertusa, Capillipedium filiculme and Dichanthium annulatum have been studied. The male reproductive characters are constant as evidenced by anther wall development and it corresponds to Monocot type. At maturity the pollen grains are 3-celled. Embryo sac development and embryogeny conforms to Polygonum type and Asterad type respectively. Endosperm, seed coat and pericarp have been studied and data on SEM investigation on pollen wall and seed coat of these taxa are added. The three taxa viz., Bothriochloa, Capillipedium and Dichanthium were considered under Andropogoneae of Panicoideae as separate genera by Bor (1960). De Wet and Harlan (1970) merged them in Dichanthium . The evidences given by them are intergeneric hybridization and production of fertile hybrids between these three genera. Clayton (1977) also followed the concept of merger taking priority. The authors assessed the possibility of merger into Dichanthium on the basis of embryology, sporoderm and spermoderm pattern

The Use of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Forecasting the Financial Growth of Automobile Industries

The automotive industry's financial forecasting is vital for growth and competitiveness in today's rapidly evolving market landscape. Accurate and reliable forecasting is essential for strategic planning, resource allocation, and decision-making processes. However, traditional forecasting methods often struggle to adapt to the dynamic nature of the automotive sector, characterized by fluctuating consumer demands, evolving market trends, and complex supply chain dynamics. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) technologies has revolutionized financial forecasting in the automotive industry, transforming forecasting accuracy, efficiency, and decision-making processes. By leveraging AI algorithms and ML models, automotive companies can gain deeper insights into market dynamics, predict consumer behavior more accurately, optimize production schedules, and streamline distribution processes. This paper explores the transformative impact of AI and ML technologies on financial forecasting in the automotive industry, delving into key applications, benefits, challenges, and future directions of integrating these advanced technologies into forecasting processes. The adoption of AI and ML empowers automotive companies to make data-driven decisions with greater precision and agility, driving innovation, growth, and competitiveness in this dynamic sector. Key Words: Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Financial Forecasting, Automotive Industry, Predictive Maintenance, Hybrid Decision Support Systems, Production Planning and Control Systems, Intelligent Transport Logistics.

The Dark Side of the pollen: BSA-seq identified genomic regions linked to male sterility in globe artichoke

Globe artichoke (Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus; 2n = 2x = 34) is a food crop consumed for its immature flower heads. Traditionally, globe artichoke varietal types are vegetatively propagated. However, seed propagation makes it possible to treat the crop as annual, increasing field uniformity and reducing farmers costs, as well as pathogens diffusion. Despite globe artichoke’s significant agricultural value and the critical role of heterosis in the development of superior varieties, the production of hybrids remains challenging without a reliable system for large-scale industrial seed production. Male sterility (MS) presents a promising avenue for overcoming these challenges by simplifying the hybridization process and enabling cost-effective seed production. However, within the Cynara genus, genic male sterility has been linked to three recessive loci in globe artichoke, with no definitive genetic mechanism elucidated to date. A 250 offsprings F2 population, derived from a cross between a MS globe artichoke and a male fertile (MF) cultivated cardoon (C. cardunculus var. altilis) and fitting a monogenic segregation model (3:1), was analyzed through BSA-seq, aiming at the identification of genomic regions/genes affecting male sterility. Four QTL regions were identified on chromosomes 4, 12, and 14. By analyzing the sequence around the highest pick on chromosome 14, a cytochrome P450 (CYP703A2) was identified, carrying a deleterious substitution (R/Q) fixed in the male sterile parent. A single dCAPS marker was developed around this SNP, allowing the discrimination between MS and MF genotypes within the population, suitable for applications in plant breeding programs. A 3D model of the protein was generated by homology modeling, revealing that the mutated amino acid is part of a highly conserved motif crucial for protein folding.

Optimal production decision of hybrid power generation enterprises in multi-quota policy coupled markets

At present, China is adopting both Carbon Emission Trading (CET) and Tradable Green Certificate (TGC) markets to optimize the resource allocation of its power industry. To mitigate the impacts of the above dual markets, more and more power generation enterprises are adopting hybrid production mode, generating electricity from thermal and new energy units simultaneously. In these complex production and market conditions, enterprises are difficult to arrange their generation activities. This research describes the production decision process of hybrid power generation enterprises with different market positions, obtains their optimal yield, and then offers market equilibrium results. In addition, the consequences of enterprise collusion behaviors and government interventions are also measured. Numerical experiment results confirm the correctness of the production decision model and reveal the following facts: 1) CET and TGC markets effectively control the carbon emission level and promote the consumption of new energy, but magnify the failure of electricity market to a certain extent. 2) CET and TGC markets promote each other in function. The existence of one market can help the other to achieve the anticipated goal. 3) Enterprises first offset the impact of market condition changes by adjusting the share of new energy generation, and then digest the residual influence by adjusting the total power generation. 4) Enterprise collusion behaviors aggravate the welfare loss of electricity consumer and then lower the expected effects of CET and TGC markets.

The effect of quantitative traits on grain productivity of maize hybrids depending on climatic conditions

The purpose of the study was to identify the effect of quantitative traits on grain productivity of maize hybrids depending on moisture availability. The study was carried out on the breeding field of the laboratory for maize breeding and seed production of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” in 2020–2023. The soil of the experimental plot was ordinary blackearth, with a humus layer thickness of 140 cm. The climate is characterized by aridity with unstable moisture. The years of the study were contrasting in temperature and moisture availability (HTC 0.49–0.83). Due to the uneven distribution of precipitation during a vegetation period of maize, the temperature regime through the months and moisture availability had even greater differences (HTC 0.11–2.28). The objects of research were 96 maize hybrids. The main method for developing hybrids was an interline hybridization. There has been identified a stable correlation between grain productivity and quantitative traits in each of the four years of study, when ‘one ear weight’ was r = 0.34±0.09 – 0.64±0.08 and ‘number of grains in a ear row’ was r = 0.35±0.09–0.58±0.08. The specific climatic conditions of some years of the study (one year out of four) influenced the lack of correlation between amount of productivity and quantitative traits with ‘number of ears per plant’ (r = 0.11 ± 0.10 in 2022), ‘number of grains per ear’ (r = 0.01±0.10 in 2023), ‘grain yield during threshing (r = 0.04±0.10 in 2023). The correlation between productivity and traits was subject to even greater variability depending on weather conditions with ‘ear attachment height’ (r = 0.01±0.10–0.40±0.09), ‘plant height’ (r = 0.16±0.10–0.38±0.09), ‘ear diameter’ (r = -0.02±0.10–0.43±0.09), ‘1000-grain weight’ (r = -0.14±0.10–0.45±0.09). In all years of the study, there were no correlation between productivity and such traits as ‘number of grain rows’ (r = -0.27±0.09–0.17±0.10) and ‘ear length’ (r = 0.01±0.10–0.29±0.09).

Widening Genetic Diversity Using Embryo Rescue in Cucurbit Crops: A Review.

Embryo rescue is a vital technique in cucurbit breeding and propagation, addressing challenges such as embryo abortion, poor seed viability, and incompatibility barriers. This method involves the excision of immature embryos from seeds followed by their in vitro culture on a nutrient medium, providing an environment conducive to their growth and development. In cucurbits, embryo rescue has been extensively utilized to overcome barriers to hybridization, enabling the production of interspecific and intergeneric hybrids with desired traits. Various factors, including genotype, developmental stage of embryos, and culture conditions, influence the success of embryo rescue in cucurbits. Optimal nutrient formulations, growth regulators, and culture techniques are critical for promoting embryo germination, shoot elongation, and subsequent plantlet establishment. Additionally, embryo rescue facilitates the recovery of valuable genetic material from wild and exotic cucurbit species, expanding genetic diversity and developing novel cultivars with improved traits such as disease resistance, yield, and quality. This review highlights the principles, applications, and advancements in embryo rescue technology in cucurbits, emphasizing its significance in cucurbit breeding programs and crop improvement efforts.

Exploring Consumer Preferences and Challenges in Hybrid Meat Products: A Conjoint Analysis of Hotdogs.

Plant-based meat has been the primary strategy to reducing meat consumption. While this category has demonstrated success, with the market value estimated to reach USD 20 billion by 2023, the subsequent reduction in meat consumption has not been proportionate. An alternative approach is hybrid products, which are thought to produce products that more closely resemble meat products. However, whether consumers will be willing to purchase hybrid products remains uncertain. Therefore, the present study uses a conjoint analysis approach to assess the product features driving the selection of a hybrid hotdog. This approach uncovers factors driving consumers' purchase intentions for hybrid meat products when offered as a choice against 100% plant-based and 100% beef products. In an online survey, participants (n = 454; 45.6% female) were asked to select the product they would be most willing to purchase, varying in four characteristics: protein source, price, fat content, and price. Following this task, participants answered questions related to meat attachment, food neophobia, health, ecological, social, and moral motives regarding food consumption. The results revealed that protein source was the most important factor driving product selection, followed by price, fat, and packaging claims (35%, 24%, 21%, and 20% relative importance, respectively). In this study, hybrid hotdogs were the least preferred to beef and plant-based (-16, -2.5, and 18 part-worth utility, respectively). These product-specific attributes (protein, fat, and price) had distinct relationships with the choices of hybrid, plant-based, and hybrid hotdogs, with these factors together explaining slightly more variability in the selection of hybrid (9%) compared to plant-based (7%) and beef hotdogs (4%). For hybrid hotdogs, protein had the greatest influence (B = -1.2) followed by fat (B = -0.8) and price (B = -0.5). Interestingly, person-related parameters (health, meat attachment, ethics, and food neophobia) had no relationship with the selection of hybrid hotdogs, contrary to plant-based (7%) and beef hotdogs (5%). This influence of the different parameters on the selection of hybrid meat is thought to be due to the lack of consumer knowledge and familiarity with hybrid products. The current understanding of plant-based products may not correspond to hybrid products. Engaging with consumers during the development of these products is critical to ensure consumer acceptance and thus support the transition to a more sustainable diet.

Testing of the STS-marker for the <i>Nud1</i> gene for the selection of naked barley hybrids

Background. Naked barley is a promising food crop. To enhance its production, active breeding is required to create productive varieties. The purpose of this study was to test the STS-marker for the Nud1 gene controlling the hulled phenotype, and use it for the production of naked barley hybrids. Materials and methods. Genotyping of 112 F2 hybrids obtained by crossing the naked black variety ‘Jet’ and the hulled white variety ‘Elf’ was carried out using wF2 and kR1, or tR2 primers in the regular PCR mode to amplify the recessive or dominant alleles of the Nud1 gene, respectively, and also in the multiplex PCR mode, which allows simultaneous amplification of both dominant and recessive alleles of the Nud1 gene. The genotyping data were compared with those on phenotypes of hybrids. Results and discussion. The possibility of using multiplex PCR with a set of primers wF2, kR1, and tR2 for identifying dominant and recessive alleles of the Nud1 gene in hybrid material has been demonstrated. However, while the observed number of hybrids homozygous for the recessive allele nud1 almost completely corresponded to their expected number, the clear predominance of homozygotes for the dominant allele Nud1 and the lack of heterozygotes compared to the expected number of hybrids of these groups indicates erroneous identification of some heterozygotes as dominant homozygotes, which must be taken into account during selection of hulled barleys by genotyping. Conclusions. The STS-marker amplified by primers wF2, kR1, and tR2, can be used to select recessive homozygotes nud1nud1 from hybrid populations, however, additional analysis is required for a more reliable identification of heterozygotes and homozygotes for the dominant allele of the Nud1 gene.

Lipid and sugar metabolism play an essential role in pollen development and male sterility: a case analysis in Brassica napus.

The genic male sterility (GMS) system is an important strategy for generating heterosis in plants. To better understand the essential role of lipid and sugar metabolism and to identify additional candidates for pollen development and male sterility, transcriptome and metabolome analysis of a GMS line of 1205AB in B. napus was used as a case study. To characterize the GMS system, the transcriptome and metabolome profiles were generated for 24 samples and 48 samples of 1205AB in B. napus, respectively. Transcriptome analysis yielded a total of 156.52 Gb of clean data and revealed the expression levels of 109,541 genes and 8,501 novel genes. In addition, a total of 1,353 metabolites were detected in the metabolomic analysis, including 784 in positive ion mode and 569 in negative ion mode. A total of 15,635 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 83 differential metabolites (DMs) were identified from different comparison groups, most of which were involved in lipid and sugar metabolism. The combination of transcriptome and metabolome analysis revealed 49 orthologous GMS genes related to lipid metabolism and 46 orthologous GMS genes related to sugar metabolism, as well as 45 novel genes. The transcriptome and metabolome profiles and their analysis provide useful reference data for the future discovery of additional GMS genes and the development of more robust male sterility breeding systems for use in the production of plant hybrids.

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ВОЗДЕЛЫВАНИЯ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ СОРТОВ РАПСА

The formation of varietal resources is a powerful factor ensuring food security of the country. The purpose of our research is to analyze the production of modern varieties and hybrids of spring rapeseed in the conditions of Western Siberia (on the example of the southern forest-steppe of the Omsk region) and to determine the economic efficiency of their cultivation. Methods of mathematical, statistical analysis of data from published official statistical sources were used. The prime costs, revenues and cost recovery for the cultivation of domestic varieties Yubileyny and 55region, foreign varieties (Heros) and hybrid (PR46X75) are calculated. The data on the structure of prime costs of spring rapeseed are presented, where the largest share of costs is accounted for by plant protection products (32.8%), and approximately equal shares (10.5-13%) are accounted for by labor remuneration, maintenance of fixed assets and other basic costs. The share of seed costs depends on the seed material and varies from 3% for varieties to 10% for hybrids. On average for the years of research (2021-2023) the maximum oilseed yield was observed in hybrid PR46X75 - 2.23 t/ha, where the net income amounted to 56547 rubles/ha, but the cost recovery in this variant is the lowest - 4.82, due to high costs (14813 rubles/ha) in comparison with the cultivation of varieties of Siberian breeding Yubileyny and 55region, whose indicators amounted to 51202-54590 rubles/ha, 5.21-5.22 and 12158-12930 rubles/ha, respectively. The highest profitability was achieved in the cultivation of the spring rapeseed varieties 55region (422%) and Yubileyny (421%), and the lowest - in the hybrid PR46X75 - 382%.

Study on a hybrid-produced magnetic-field Hall thruster

The increasing interest in all-electric, low-Earth orbit satellite constellations has stimulated the rapid development of electric propulsion technology, particularly low-power Hall thrusters. In this study, the difficulties in magnetic field design were analyzed in low-power Hall thrusters, and a new and efficient hybrid production technique is proposed. Hybrid production combines the advantages of coil and permanent magnet production; the main magnetic field is generated by permanent magnets, and the regulating magnetic field is generated by coils in parallel. Accordingly, a prototype of a 600-W hybrid-produced magnetic field Hall thruster, HPHT-600, was designed and tested. The HPHT-600 has a small size (channel outer diameter 54 mm), light weight (1.2 kg), low area–volume ratio (0.148), and low magnetic power. In addition, it exhibits a power envelope of 300–1000 W and a total efficiency of 53.5 % at the discharge voltage of 300 V, anode volume flow rate of 35 sccm, and total specific impulse of 1900 s at 500 V and 20 sccm.

Production and verification of novel Osmanthus hybrids

Osmanthus fragrans Lour. is prized for its fragrant, cool-season blooms, smooth leaves, and compact tree form; however, the species is limited in production and use to USDA Hardiness Zones 7 and higher. Increasing the total amount of genetic variability available for evaluation, selection, and breeding is foundational to the development of novel Osmanthus cultivars with increased cold-hardiness and improved ornamental characteristics such as high rooting rates, faster growth, fragrant flowers, and an evergreen or semi-evergreen habit. Hybridization among Osmanthus species should generate novel phenotypes and allow trait introgression among populations and breeding lines. The objectives of this study were to produce, verify, and evaluate Osmanthus hybrids by making controlled and open-pollinated crosses among Osmanthus species, using SSR markers to determine parentage of cross progeny, and comparing flowering, leaf shape, and form of hybrids offspring with parents. Fifty-eight of 66 progenies (88%) were assigned paternity at the 95% confidence level or above and 47 progenies (71%) were assigned paternity at the 99% confidence level. Novel Osmanthus hybrids were produced including O. armatus × O. fortunei, O. armatus × O. heterophyllus, and O. armatus × O. fragrans. Open-pollinated families increased in height an average of 204% and 159% per year in the first and second growing seasons, respectively. Male flower type was significantly associated with progeny flower type (χ2 = 17.5, p < 0.0001) while leaf margin was not associated with cross family (χ2 = 0.83, p = 0.84). Evaluation of more Osmanthus accessions and subsequent hybridizations will be necessary to introgress favorable genes and generate the variation necessary to expand the genus into new markets.

THE INFLUENCE OF ELEMENTS OF CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY ON THE SOWING QUALITIES AND YIELD OF SPRING RAPESEED GRAIN IN THE CONDITIONS OF NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN

Rapeseed plays a key role in various fields, including the food and feed industry, technical applications, as well as in agrotechnical and environmental terms. The diversity of agricultural production highlights the economic benefits and relevance of introducing new promising varieties and hybrids of oilseeds, including spring rapeseed. In this process, the research and selection of suitable varieties and hybrids plays a key role.The article is aimed at conducting a comparative analysis of varieties and hybrids of spring rapeseed through competitive variety testing in order to identify their productivity potential in the conditions of our region. The research process was based on two-year work within the framework of the Esil grain feed State Variety testing site. To achieve this goal, a number of tasks have been considered: studying the percentage of germination and seed safety, assessing the yield structure and productivity of various varieties and hybrids. The object of the study was varieties and hybrids of spring rapeseed.The research findings will be key to determining the most promising and economically profitable varieties and hybrids of spring rapeseed adapted to the conditions of our region.The conclusions contain estimated information on the most promising varieties and hybrids for cultivation in our region.

Effect of BioNiK-Phos and Phosphorus-based fertilizers on yield of hybrid sunflower in Northern Uganda

The sunflower oil seed industry is one of the promising business sectors in Uganda for both domestic and export markets. Both open-pollinated varieties and hybrids are grown in Uganda. Average yields of open-pollinated varieties in farmers’ fields range from about 750-900 kg ha-1 and hybrids about 2,000 kg/ha. For high production and productivity, sunflower requires fertilizers. The objective of this study was to establish the effects of BioNik-Phos and di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) fertilizers micro-dosing on yield of sunflower hybrid (PAN 5057) in Northern Uganda in 2021b and 2022a seasons. Field experiments were laid using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 4 replications per location in 3 locations in Alebtong District (Abako, Aloi and Angeta). There were significant (P < 0.05) differences in sunflower yields across treatments in all the three locations (Abako: 1,250-3,524 kg ha-1, Aloi: 1,274-3,488 kg ha-1 and Angeta: 1,238-3,369 kg ha-1) in 2021 with or without micro-dosing with BioNiK-Phos and DAP fertilizer. A similar trend was recorded for 2022a season (Abako: 1,268-3,500 kg ha-1, Aloi: 1,357-3,607 kg ha-1 and Angeta: 1,286-3,417 kg ha-1). The effect of DAP fertilizer micro-dosing on sunflower hybrid productivity was three folds in both years. BioNiK-Phos effect was, however, not significantly different (P < 0.05) from the control. This is the first report of the effect of BioNiK-Phos and DAP fertilizers micro-dosing of sunflower in Northern Uganda.