Hybrid Nanogenerator Research Articles

Performance analysis and application of a hybrid electromagnetic-triboelectric nanogenerator for energy harvesting

In recent years, the possibility of harvesting the small-scale energies from the environment has been the subject of many scientific studies. Nanogenerators are emerging to be good candidates for converting the small-scale energies from the environment into electrical energy without need for battery. In this paper, a hybrid nanogenerator that integrates three different working mechanisms for conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy is presented. The hybrid nanogenerator is composed of a zig-zag contact mode triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), a sliding mode TENG and two electromagnetic generators (EMGs). Triboelectric surfaces are oppositely charged aluminium and Kapton layers for a zig-zag contact mode TENG and aluminium and PTFE layers for a sliding mode TENG. Aluminium layer is used as an electron donor, and also as an electrode. EMG unit is composed of two home-made copper coils and a neodymium magnet. All individual units are integrated into a two-piece acrylic shell. The whole device is of a compact, low-cost, and lightweight design. It has a size of 37 mm × 37 mm × 70 mm, which was optimized by modelling. Performance characterization verified the proposed hybrid nanogenerator as an efficient energy harvester. Output characteristics were tested under different loads (in a range from 10 kΩ to 100 MΩ). The maximum output voltage and current of the hybrid nanogenerator were estimated to be about 65 V and 15.25 μA, respectively. The maximum output power was 1.13 mW at 200 Ω. Charging performance analysis showed that the hybrid nanogenerator significantly enhanced the voltage level and charging speed of the tested capacitors in comparison with individual units. The hybrid nanogenerator charged 1μF capacitor to 9.1 V within 60 s. Individual units could simultaneously power at least 144 light-emitting diodes (LEDs). A hybrid signal could power at least 94 LEDs connected in series and at least 50 LEDs connected in parallel. Electrical energy produced by the hybrid nanogenerator was stored in a 47 μF capacitor bank and used to efficiently power a calculator.

Mitigating the Negative Piezoelectricity in Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Materials for High-performance Piezoelectric Nanogenerators.

The conversion of ecofriendly waste energy into useable electrical energy is of significant interest for energy harvesting technologies. Piezoelectric nanogenerators based on organic/inorganic hybrid materials are a key promising technology for harvesting mechanical energy due to their high piezoelectric coefficient and good mechanical flexibility. However, the negative piezoelectric effect of the polymer component in composite devices severely undermines its overall piezoelectricity, compromising the output performance of PVDF-based piezoelectric hybrid nanogenerators. Here, to conquer this, we report a two-step poling schedule to orient the dipoles of organic and inorganic components in the same direction. The optimized nanogenerator delivers a combination of high piezoelectric coefficient, great output performance, and remarkable stability. The isotropic piezoelectricity in the composite device collaborates to output a maximum voltage of 110 V and a power density of 7.8 μW cm-2. This strategy is also applied to elevate the piezoelectricity of other organic/inorganic-hybrid-based nanogenerators, substantiating its universal applicability for composite piezoelectric nanogenerators. This study presents a feasible strategy for enhancing the effective output capability of composite nanogenerator technologies.

Durability Improvement of Breeze‐Driven Triboelectric‐Electromagnetic Hybrid Nanogenerator by a Travel‐Controlled Approach

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), as an emerging technology for distributed energy harvesting, provides a promising energy solution for self‐powered environmental monitoring. However, the abrasion of triboelectric materials lowers the output performance of TENGs, severely limiting their practical applications. Herein, a novel travel‐controlled approach, by combining a gear train and cam switch, is proposed to reduce the mechanical wear. The automatic switching between the contact and non‐contact modes can be achieved in a tunable frequency, showing excellent electrical stability by maintaining 90% of electric outputs after continuous operation for 80 h (1 920 000 cycles). Meanwhile, based on the structural optimization, the power density per unit wind speed of the travel‐controlled TENG (TC‐TENG) is doubled as compared with that of previous related works. Moreover, by integrating the triboelectric‐electromagnetic hybrid device with an energy management circuit, a self‐powered close‐looped environmental monitoring and alarming system are demonstrated. Under breezy conditions (below 3 m s−1), the system can detect the environmental information continuously and steadily, and transmit it wirelessly to a mobile device. This work renders a novel approach to reducing the wear in TENGs toward self‐powered wireless sensing systems, showing broad application prospects in distributed unmanned environmental monitoring, smart farming, and Internet of Things.

Kirigami‐Based Flexible, High‐Performance Piezoelectric/Triboelectric Hybrid Nanogenerator for Mechanical Energy Harvesting and Multifunctional Self‐Powered Sensing

In recent years, nanogenerators (NGs) have drawn widespread attention from the academic circle as a variety of self‐powered components. Herein, a novel, flexible piezoelectric/triboelectric hybrid nanogenerator based on kirigami (K‐HENG) is first proposed to harvest the human motion energy and serve as a self‐powered strain sensor with high sensitivity. The kirigami‐based electrode allows the device to have excellent tensile properties. By optimizing the electrode structure and simplifying the structure of the device, this K‐HENG can stretch to 100% and collect energy under pressing, stretching, and twisting conditions with higher output than that of a piezoelectric or triboelectric nanogenerator individual. With the assistance of a rectifier to process the circuit, the alternate current generated by K‐HENG can be charged into the capacitor, thus powering microelectronics. In addition, ultrahigh sensitivity makes it applicable in human biological sensing. Therefore, the K‐HENG has massive potential for widespread applications in mechanical energy harvesting and multifunctional self‐powered sensing due to cheap affordability, ease of production, and high performance.

Self‐Powered Intelligent Voice Navigation Tactile Pavement Based on High‐Output Hybrid Nanogenerator

AbstractImproving the safety and usability of the blind movement is of great significance. The blind navigation system has always been the focus of attention. However, achieving an unconscious interaction and long‐term operation with high navigation accuracy is an urgent challenge. In this study, a distributed self‐powered intelligent voice navigation tactile pavement (SVP) based on a hybrid nanogenerator for blind navigation is reported. More than 4‐s effective output time is achieved under a single instantaneous pressure to the hybrid nanogenerator. The system is integrated with an inertial storage hybrid nanogenerator (ISNG), RF transmitter module, and voice broadcast module. It has the advantages of outstanding navigation accuracy, fatigue resistance (16 000 cycles), temperature stability (−50 to 50 °C), no required operation, and easy fabrication. The SVP may solve the difficulties of GPS navigation delay and lack of map information and realize the accurate identification and feedback of key locations, providing an effective and unconscious interaction navigation strategy for the blind. Integrating the hybrid nanogenerator under the road can provide an energy supply for the construction of the Internet of Things and smart city in the future.

A tube-shaped solid–liquid-interfaced triboelectric–electromagnetic hybrid nanogenerator for efficient ocean wave energy harvesting

Ocean waves, the most widely distributed energy source within the marine environment, promise renewable energy for next-generation self-sufficient ocean exploration and monitoring instrumentation. Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) technology has shown the potential in harvesting ocean wave energy. However, most TENG designs suffer from challenges such as relatively low contact intimacy and energy power density, limiting their practical application. This paper proposes a solid–liquid-interfaced, tube-shaped triboelectric–electromagnetic hybrid nanogenerator (TTEHG) to efficiently capture wave energy. Owing to the solid–liquid interface in conjunction with the coupled TENG and the electromagnetic generator (EMG) design, the TTEHG features a reduced frictional loss and broadened range of harvestable wave energy. At a frequency of 1 Hz, the instantaneous power density and current density of the TTEHG are 0.25 mW·cm–3 and 5 mA·cm–3, respectively. Even at an ultra-low operational frequency of 0.2 Hz, the TTEHG exhibits an excellent output performance with a peak current of nearly 15 mA, and is able to power various functional electronic devices, such as temperature and humidity sensors, to monitor the marine environment. The TTEHG was deployed in Sanya Bay, China, to demonstrate its practical application in harsh ocean environments.

2D graphene oxide-l-arginine-soybean lecithin nanogenerator for synergistic photothermal and NO gas therapy

Nitric oxide (NO) gas therapy has been regarded as a promising strategy for cancer treatment. However, its therapeutic efficiency is still unsatisfying due to the limitations of monotherapy. Previous preclinical and clinical studies have shown that combination therapy could significantly enhance therapeutic efficiency. Herein, a graphene oxide (GO)-l-arginine (l-Arg, a natural NO donor) hybrid nanogenerator is developed followed by surface functionalization of soybean lecithin (SL) for synergistic enhancement of cancer treatment through photothermal and gas therapy. The resultant GO-Arg-SL nanogenerator not only exhibited good biocompatibility and excellent endocytosis ability, but also exhibited excellent photothermal conversion capability and high sensitivity to release NO within tumor microenvironment via inducible NO synthase (iNOS) catalyzation. Moreover, the produced hyperthermia and intracellular NO could synergistically kill cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, this nanogenerator can efficiently eliminate tumor while inhibiting the tumor recurrence because of the immunogenic cell death (ICD) elicited by NIR laser-triggered hyperthermia and the immune response activation by massive NO generation. We envision that the GO-Arg-SL nanogenerator could provide a potential strategy for synergistic photothermal and gas therapy.

Rotating triboelectric-electromagnetic nanogenerator driven by tires for self-powered MXene-based flexible wearable electronics

The flexible electronics has triggered a huge demand for self-powered nanogenerators, which has great potential to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. In this work, a triboelectric-electromagnetic hybrid nanogenerator (HNG) driven by tires was developed for self-powered gas and movement monitoring. The output performance of the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and electromagnetic generator (EMG) increases with increasing vehicle speed, and the voltages of the TENG and EMG are 581 V and 62 V at the 15 km/h vehicle speed, respectively. The HNG can turn on a light (3 W) and charge a smartphone. A Ti3C2Tx MXene/Ag-based sensor driven by HNG was fabricated for ethanol detection. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations and bulk electrosensitive measurements show that MXene/Ag nanocomposites have excellent sensitivity to ethanol. The high response(ΔUab/Uab(gas) = 204% @ 100 ppm) of the self-powered ethanol sensor is 24.5 times larger than that of the resistive sensor (ΔR/Ra = 8.3%). The self-powered sensor could be used to assess the levels of drinking and ensure cyclists ride safely. MXene/Ag-based flexible sensors were fabricated using a microelectronic printer and electrospinning apparatus to monitor articular activity. The self-powered monitor system can be used to access the motion data of cyclists and provide cyclists with better training and race strategies.

A high-performance, single-electrode and stretchable piezo-triboelectric hybrid patch for omnidirectional biomechanical energy harvesting and motion monitoring

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have recently drawn much attention in the field of biomechanical energy harvesting and motion monitoring. However, the electrode stretchability and contact-separation model induced complicated packed structure remain a problem that heavily affects output performance during various human movements and requires to be urgently addressed. Here, a single-electrode piezo-triboelectric hybrid nanogenerator (SEP-TENG) integrated with stretchable liquid-metal metal electrodes is reported, which simultaneously achieves outstanding energy harvesting performance and skin-comfort human motion monitoring. A polarized piezoelectric BaTiO3/silicon rubber (SR) composites film is served as the effective negative tribomaterial, benefiting from the improved dielectric constant and piezoelectric charge transfer, the optimized SEP-TENG generates a high peak power density of 5.7 W/m2 while contacted with human skin. Besides, owing to the ultralow Young's modulus of the SR encapsulation layer and tribo-piezoelectric hybrid layer, the homogeneous integrated multilayer composite serves no break till a 745% elongation, promoting that the SEP-TENG could effectively harvest biomechanical energy and realize stable power supplying for wearable electronics even under large deformation state. Furthermore, the SEP-TENG could comfortably attach to the finger joints and collect bending energy. This work provides a novel design methodology for a single-electrode TENG to realize omnidirectional biomechanical energy harvesting and motion monitoring.

Functional structure enhanced synergistic sensing from triboelectric–electromagnetic hybrid nanogenerator for self-powered rotating speed monitoring

Abnormal motor speed caused by overload, eccentric load and bearing wear is one of the main fault manifestations of heavy-duty motor. On-line monitoring the speed in real time is of great significance for fault early warning and improving motor operating life. In this paper, a self-powered motor speed sensor based on a coaxial integrated triboelectric–electromagnetic hybrid nanogenerator is proposed. A modular magnet coupling is designed to synchronously transfer energy from the motor shaft to nanogenerator with opposite polarity magnet through non-mechanical contact, which is advantageous to reducing the noise interference induced by rigid connection. The nanogenerator structure is mainly composed of the rotator module including magnet and wear-resistant positive friction material of Polyamide-66 and the stator one fitted with carbon steel enhanced copper coil and negative friction material of PTFE. Especially, an innovative rotating lead structure consisting of a set of rolling and sliding metal balls is fabricated for the first time, which provides a unique solution for transmitting triboelectric charge on rotator. Moreover, the carbon steel column inset into coil hole increases the short-circuit current of electromagnetic generator by 35.2%. The electromagnetic current and triboelectric voltage are used to characterize motor speed in our design, and their sensitivity are 0.035 mA/rpm and 1.365 V/rpm in the range of 0-300 rpm, respectively. When they were conjointly analyzed, the linearity of sensor reaches 0.995, which is attractive and greatly enhances the accuracy using sensing signal to judge the abnormal state. Furthermore, maximum output power of the nanogenerator reaches 76.91 mW, which shows that the nanogenerator is Competent for self-powering the sensor and its controlling circuits. The experimentally results indicate that the proposed self-powered sensor provides a novel design concept for the measurement of rotation speed and exhibits immense potential in industrial detection and mechanical failure early warning.

ZnO nanoparticles embedded silk fibroin—a piezoelectric composite for nanogenerator applications

This paper demonstrates a flexible nanogenerator (NG) using Silk-Zinc Oxide (ZnO) composite by exploiting the inherent piezoelectric properties of silk and ZnO. A direct precipitation method was employed to synthesize Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (NPs). Silk-ZnO composite film was then prepared by spin-coating the homogenous silk-ZnO solution. The composition and morphology of silk-ZnO composite were analyzed using various standard characterization procedures. The biocompatibility study of the composite film was also performed through cell viability testing. The utility of as prepared composites was demonstrated through the fabrication of piezoelectric nanogenerator. This hybrid nanogenerator was capable to generate a maximum open circuit voltage of 25 V (peak to peak value) in the bending state for a specific ZnO concentration. The output response of the nanogenerator exhibited a good correlation with the bending angle of the device. A peak outputpower density of 6.67 mW cm−3 was achieved from the nanogenerator. The fabricated prototype is efficient to light-up commercial red LEDs and to harvest energy from human body movement. The piezoelectric coefficient (d 33) of silk-ZnO composite film was also experimentally figured out.

Hybrid nanogenerator based closed-loop self-powered low-level vagus nerve stimulation system for atrial fibrillation treatment

Atrial fibrillation is an “invisible killer” of human health. It often induces high-risk diseases, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure. Fortunately, atrial fibrillation can be diagnosed and treated early. Low-level vagus nerve stimulation (LL-VNS) is a promising therapeutic method for atrial fibrillation. However, some fundamental challenges still need to be overcome in terms of flexibility, miniaturization, and long-term service of bioelectric stimulation devices. Here, we designed a closed-loop self-powered LL-VNS system that can monitor the patient’s pulse wave status in real time and conduct stimulation impulses automatically during the development of atrial fibrillation. The implant is a hybrid nanogenerator (H-NG), which is flexible, light weight, and simple, even without electronic circuits, components, and batteries. The maximum output of the H-NG was 14.8 V and 17.8 μA (peak to peak). In the in vivo effect verification study, the atrial fibrillation duration significantly decreased by 90% after LL-VNS therapy, and myocardial fibrosis and atrial connexin levels were effectively improved. Notably, the anti-inflammatory effect triggered by mediating the NF-κB and AP-1 pathways in our therapeutic system is observed. Overall, this implantable bioelectronic device is expected to be used for self-powerability, intelligentization, portability for management, and therapy of chronic diseases.

Pendular-Translational Hybrid Nanogenerator Harvesting Water Wave Energy.

Shore-based water wave energy produced by the impact of ocean waves on the coastline is a kind of clean and renewable energy. In this paper, a pendular-translational hybrid nanogenerator (PT-HNG) with two multilayer triboelectric nanogenerators and a spring base is proposed to harvest the wave energy. Pendular-translational movement mechanism is a sliding rail structure embedded with a permanent magnet, and the output is greatly improved compared to the previous pendular-pendular movement mechanism. Furthermore, the use of the spring base not only makes the device easy to install and fix but also increases the swing angle, which can better harvest the water wave energy. When the PT-HNG is used on the beach, a 33 μF capacitor can be charged to 4.3 V in 85 s. PT-HNG can be used to build self-powered wireless sensor networks to monitor the surrounding environment. This work proposes an innovative and efficient way to capture shore-based wave energy.

Hybrid Nanogenerator for Biomechanical Energy Harvesting, Motion State Detection, and Pulse Sensing

AbstractHarvesting biomechanical energy to power wearable electronic devices shows great potential in the field of the Internet of Things. An insole hybrid nanogenerator (IHN) has been designed based on a combination of multilayered triboelectric nanogenerator and arched piezoelectric nanogenerator. The IHN not only can convert the mechanical energy of the footsteps into electricity, but also distinguishes three kinds of motion states: walking, stepping, and jumping. A maximum open‐circuit voltage of 150 V and a short‐circuit current of 4.5 µA are achieved from human body motions. After walking for 8 min, the IHN can charge a 100 μF capacitor to 2.5 V. Then, a self‐powered dorsalis pedis artery monitoring system is designed, which can detect the pulse signals of the dorsalis pedis artery in real‐time. The integrated design of energy collection, storage, and utilization has important application potential in future self‐powered monitoring of patients and intelligent analysis of blood supply to the lower limbs in a professional athlete.

Dopamine treated SnO2/PVDF composite films for hybrid mechanical energy harvester

Combining the piezoelectric and triboelectric effects into a single device called hybrid nanogenerator (HNG) is a key discovery to overcome the drawback of low electrical output piezo/triboelectric nanogenerators. This work elaborates detailed electrical performance investigation on dopamine treated tin oxide (DA@SnO2) nanoparticles (NPs) impregnated polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based HNG. The mixing of SnO2 NPs inside the PVDF matrix enhances the β phase of the composite film and the electrical performance of the respective HNG. The coating of DA on SnO2 NPs works as a binder between SnO2 NPs and PVDF polymer by removing the defects in the SnO2/PVDF composite film. Also, the presence of carbon in DA increases electron generation inside the composite film, which further enhances the electrical output of HNG. With this effect, the fabricated DA@SnO2/PVDF-based HNG produced maximum electrical outputs of 62 V, 1.55 μA, and 17.9 μC/m2 which were considerably higher than those of the SnO2/PVDF-based HNG. Finally, the DA@SnO2/PVDF-based HNG was tested for different operational parameters and used to charge commercially available capacitors and power up small-scale electronics. The proposed HNG provides an excellent energy harvesting capability and can be employed to harvest energy from abundantly available mechanical movements.

A facile synthesis of Al-doped BaTiO3 thin films by a hydrothermal-galvanic couple method on TiAlN film electrodes

Al-doped barium titanate (ABT) thin films were produced by a facile hydrothermal-galvanic couple (HT-GC) method using ternary TiAlN seeding layers. TiAlN thin films serving as the working electrode were deposited onto Si substrates by reactive unbalanced magnetron sputtering. HT-GC synthesis was conducted in the alkaline solutions consisting of 0.5 M Ba(CH3COOH)2 and 2 M NaOH. Although no external power sources were applied, substantial galvanic currents occurred during the synthesis. X-ray diffraction patterns show that cubic ABT films were formed over TiAlN. Field-emission scanning electronic microscopy revealed ABT films exhibiting hemispherical grains over the nitride surface with single-layered structures. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy verified Al doping in the obtained ABT coatings. Reaction paths and formation mechanisms of the ABT coatings were also proposed. Moreover, the ABT thin films possessed higher residual polarization (Pr) and piezoelectricity coefficient (d33) compared with un-doped BaTiO3 (BTO), deduced from polarization–electric field loops results. The deduced Pr-value for BTO thin films was 0.8 μC/cm2 and could be enhanced to 1.6 μC/cm2 for ABT thin films, meanwhile the value of d33 for BTO films was 13 ± 1 pC/N and increased to 18 ± 1 pC/N for ABT films. Such a facile synthesis of ABT thin films may bring in more technological applications such as piezoelectric and triboelectric materials in the hybrid nanogenerator, and non-volatile ferroelectric random access memory.

Fabrication of self-healing hybrid nanogenerators based on polyurethane and ZnO for harvesting wind energy

Fabrication of self-healing hybrid nanogenerators based on polyurethane and ZnO for harvesting wind energy

High Space Efficiency Hybrid Nanogenerators for Effective Water Wave Energy Harvesting

AbstractWater wave energy is a vital renewable‐energy resource, but it is less developed due to the characteristics of water wave with low and varying frequency. Herein, a bifilar‐pendulum coupled hybrid nanogenerator (BCHNG) module, which includes an electromagnetic generator (EMG), two piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs), and two multilayer‐structured triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), is incorporated into a vessel‐like platform for wave energy harvesting. The combination of the lightweight TENG and the heavy PENG and EMG can not only increase the ability of power take‐off to capture water wave energy, but also improve the space utilization rate of BCHNG module and facilitate the design of the floating wave energy collecting device. Furthermore, the BCHNG module can harvest the kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy of the water wave at the same time, which benefits from the two degrees of swing freedom of the bifilar‐pendulum. Importantly, thanks to the accurate geometric design and the reasonable utilization of space, the BCHNG module achieves a high peak power density of 358.5 W m−3. The findings not only provide a novel method for the large‐scale development of blue energy, but also offer an opportunity for the development of self‐powered marine resources.

Performance-Improved Highly Integrated Uniaxial Tristate Hybrid Nanogenerator for Sustainable Mechanical Energy Harvesting.

Despite advances in the development of individual nanogenerators, the level of output energy generation must be increased to meet the demands of commercial electronic systems and to broaden their scope of application. To harvest low-frequency ambient mechanical energy more efficiently, we proposed a highly integrated hybridized piezoelectric-triboelectric-electromagnetic (tristate) nanogenerator in a uniaxial structure. In its highly integrated approach, a piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) based on CsPbBr3 (cesium lead bromide) nanoparticles (NPs) and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) nanocomposite was fabricated on a triboelectrically negative nanostructured polyimide (PI) substrate. A cylindrical aluminum electrode grooved with permanent magnets was directed to move along a spring-less metallic guide bounded by these nanocomposites, thus essentially forming two single-electrode mode triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). By its optimized material design and novel integration approach of the PENGs, TENGs, and electromagnetic generators (EMGs), this uniaxial tristate hybrid nanogenerator (UTHNG) can synergistically produce an instantaneous electrical power of 49 mW at low-frequency ambient vibration (5 Hz). The UTHNG has excellent charging characteristics, ramping up the output voltage of a 22 μF capacitor to 2.7 V in only 12 s, which is much faster than individual nanogenerators. This work will be a superior solution for harvesting low-frequency ambient energies by improving the performance of hybrid nanogenerators, potentially curtailing the technology gap for self-powered micro/nanosystems for the Internet of Things.

Robust and flexible wearable generator driven by water evaporation for sustainable and portable self-power supply

A power supply with sustainable stability and flexibility is pressing demanded for the development of self-powered flexible wearable electronics devices. The nanogenerators driven by water evaporation has been proved to be a promising low-cost energy harvestingstrategyfor directly converting ubiquitous, green and renewable ambient thermal energy to electricity. Here, a novel hybrid strategy was proposed for wearable evaporation driven nanogenerator with high performance in flexibility, adhesion stability, portability, and sustainable electricity generation. Hybrid precursors by tactfully mixing oxide nanoparticles, glass fiber and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) are printed on the flexible substrate. PVDF with three dimensional mesh structure plays a key role in ensuring adhesion between nanoparticles, and also keeping part of the surface of nanoparticles exposed for electricity generation. A sustainable open circuit voltage of 1.5 V and short circuit current of 1.45 μA was achieved for an individual nanogenerator. The output performance does not change obviously even after repeated flushing by water flow and large-scale bending deformation. Remarkably, as an example of application, the hybrid nanogenerator with water storing material worn on the model can continuously drive the electrical watch to work during the model walking. Our achievement provides an effective strategy for the stable application of wearable nanogenerator driven by water evaporation, and will be greatly beneficial to the field moving forward.