Hybrid Grape Research Articles

Evaluation of Reduced Fungicide Applications for Disease Management in Cold-Climate Wine Grapes in Wisconsin.

Cold-climate wine grapes are produced on 8,000 ha in the North Central region of the United States. Wisconsin has experienced considerable growth, with a 26% increase in acreage since 2017. Chemical management of fungal diseases in cold-climate, interspecific hybrid grapes mirrors that of traditional Vitis vinifera cultivars despite significant differences in disease susceptibility. Most cold-climate cultivars display disease tolerance or resistance to key pathogens such as Plasmopara viticola (downy mildew), Erysiphe necator (powdery mildew), and Phyllosticta ampelicida (black rot). Current fungicide programs in Wisconsin's cold-climate grape industry underutilize genetic resistance, resulting in overreliance on at-risk fungicides and an increased threat of fungicide resistance development. In vineyard trials, the impacts of a reduced fungicide application number compared to current grower "Standard" programs was assessed for disease incidence and severity for five diseases: anthracnose, black rot, downy mildew, Phomopsis cane and leaf spot and powdery mildew. In 2022, with moderate disease pressure at both vineyard sites, there were no significant differences observed when fewer fungicides (six or five applications vs. four applications) were applied. In 2023, higher disease incidence was observed in the "Standard" spray program at one study location which received a greater number of fungicide applications. In both years, grape cultivar was a significant factor with the 'LaCrosse' displaying greater average disease severity than the 'St. Pepin' in both the "Standard" and "Reduced" Programs. These findings present a promising opportunity for cold-climate grape growers to reduce the number of fungicide applications while maintaining disease control and marketable yield.

Effect of Oleic Acid Supplementation and Microoxygenation on Volatilome of Wine Prepared from Grape Hybrid H27 Using S. cerevisiae MK680910

Effect of Oleic Acid Supplementation and Microoxygenation on Volatilome of Wine Prepared from Grape Hybrid H27 Using S. cerevisiae MK680910

Polyphenolic Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Whole Grape Juices from Vitis labrusca and Brazilian Hybrid Grapes in Two Training Systems.

The phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of whole grape juices from Vitis labrusca and Brazilian hybrids in two training systems were analyzed. Genotypes of V. labrusca ('Bordô' and 'Isabel') and Brazilian hybrids ('IAC 138-22 Máximo' and 'BRS Violeta') were grafted onto the rootstock 'IAC 766 Campinas' (106-8 'Mgt' × Vitis caribaea) and trained on low and high trellis. After harvest, the grapes were destemmed and the berries macerated in a roller crusher. Following hot extraction without pressurization of the pomace and gentle pressing of the blend (skins, must, and seeds), the juices were bottled in amber glass bottles and pasteurized. The physicochemical and colorimetric parameters of the juices, as well as the levels of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, total monomeric anthocyanins, antioxidant activity, and polyphenolic profile, were evaluated. The juices were also subjected to sensory analysis (CAAE: 65549817.7.0000.5411). There was broad variation in all assessed characteristics. The results obtained demonstrate that the training system and grape genotype used in juice production are highly related to the presence of sugars, acidity, and bioactive compounds. Juices made from 'Bordô', 'IAC 138-22 Máximo' and 'BRS Violeta' grapes stood out from 'Isabel' juices, the main grape variety used in Brazilian juice and wine production. All juices contain bioactive compounds in considerable concentrations, indicating beverages with high antioxidant activity and, consequently, high biological potential, with the use of high trellis in vine cultivation potentially increasing concentrations.

Use of the Sulfur-Containing Growth Regulator Tiaton for Rooting Micro-Gears of Grapes in Culture in vitro

The study was carried out to evaluate the effect of a nutrient solution for the rhizogenesis of grape micro–gears in the Murasiga-Skuga medium (MS) with the addition of various concentrations of the drug Tiaton (0.1, 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25 ml/l). In experiments, the effect of different concentrations of the drug Tiaton on the rooting and vegetative growth of grapes of the Khasansky and Moskovsky White hybrids in vitro was studied. When the Tiaton preparation was added to the MS nutrient medium in various concentrations, the rooting capacity of the micro-gears of the Khasansky hybrid grape increased by 40%, the total root length increased by 2.4 times compared with the control. In the Moscow White hybrid, when using the Triaton growth regulator, an increase in the rooting capacity of micro gears up to 25% and the total root length by 1.5 times is shown. The optimal concentrations of the Triaton preparation for addition to the MS nutrient solution for optimal rhizogenesis of micro-gears and the development of vegetative growth of cuttings of the studied grape hybrids have been established. Thus, for Khasansky hybrid grapes, the most optimal medium for improving rooting and root development of micro gears was ½ MS + 0.15 ml/l of Tiaton preparation. In the Moscow White hybrid, a significant increase in the rooting capacity of micro-gears and good development of the root system was obtained when Tiaton was added to the nutrient medium for rhizogenase of micro-gears in concentrations (0.15 and 0.20 ml/l).

Foliar applications of phenylalanine and prohexadione calcium for managing tannin content in cold-hardy hybrid grape cultivars

Cold-hardy hybrid grape cultivars have low tannin content compared to Vitis vinifera cultivars, which leads to unbalanced red wines and therefore low-quality wines. Viticultural practices, such as nitrogen fertilisation and the use of plant growth regulators, have shown to be effective interventions to modify tannin content in V. vinifera cultivars and may be effective with cold-hardy hybrids. Foliar applications of phenylalanine (Phe, 100 mg/L) and prohexadione calcium (ProCa, 50 mg/L) were applied separately and in combination (ProCa+Phe) to Marquette grapevines grown in Iowa, USA in 2022 and 2023. Treatments were assigned following a split-plot design. Berry weight, diameter, seeds per berry, tannin content, and iron-reactive phenolics content of skins and seeds were analysed at five phenological time points. Samples from treated vines were compared to untreated control samples using a random-intercepts linear regression model. Overall, the effect of year was more impactful than the individual effects of treatments due to differences in temperature and rainfall during berry development. However, skin and seed tannin and IRP were significantly affected by the Year2023:ProCa interaction at 3 weeks post fruit set and véraison, respectively, suggesting ProCa treatment may be more effective with multiple applications in consecutive years. Low application rate may be a reason for limited treatment effectiveness and further work on dose response may demonstrate foliar sprays of Phe and ProCa to be effective tools at managing phenolics content in Marquette grapes.

Yield Performance and Quality Assessment of Brazilian Hybrid Grapes Influenced by Rootstocks and Training Systems

The choice of training system impacts the architecture and physiological characteristics of grapevines, affecting grape production and quality. Continuous studies are necessary to optimize viticulture production in Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of rootstocks and different training systems on the production and quality of ‘IAC 138-22 Máximo’ and ‘BRS Violeta’ grapevines for juice and wine. The experiment was conducted over two productive cycles (2019/2020 and 2020/2021) in an experimental vineyard at the Advanced Center for Fruit Research as part of the Agronomic Institute (IAC), in Jundiaí, São Paulo, Brazil (23°06′ S, 46°55′ W, and 745 m altitude). For each cultivar, a randomized block design in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme was used, with two rootstocks (‘IAC 766 Campinas’ and 106-8 ‘Mgt’) and two training systems (low and high trellises), with five blocks of three plants per experimental plot. In both cycles, the gas exchange and grapevine production, the chemical characteristics of the grape juice (must), and the chemical compounds in the berry skins were evaluated. The rootstocks and training systems influenced the variables evaluated in both cultivars, with the high trellis system providing the best results. This approach increased the photosynthetic rate, improved water-use efficiency, elevated grapevine production, and enhanced fruit quality. Therefore, its use is recommended for training grapevines. Regarding rootstocks, the best scion–rootstock affinity was found between hybrid grapevines and ‘IAC 766 Campinas’.

БИОХИМИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ ГИБРИДОВ ВИНОГРАДА СЕЛЕКЦИИ АЗОСВиВ

The aim of the study is to investigate new hybrid grape forms by their main biochemical parameters with the prospect of obtaining new high-tech varieties from them. The paper presents the results of scientific studies of biochemical parameters of new technical hybrid grape forms. These forms were obtained by breeders of the Anapa Zonal Experimental Station of Viticulture and Winemaking, a branch of Federal State Budget Scientific Institution North Caucasian FSC of Horticulture, Viticulture, Wine-making (AZOSViV, a branch of the North Caucasus FSC for Horticulture, Viticulture and Winemaking) and are characterized by late ripening, high productivity, winter hardiness and phylloxera tolerance. Biochemical analysis of the berry must of the studied hybrids was carried out at the institute. Sugars, titratable acids, ammonium compounds, cations and organic acids were studied. The technical grape variety of late ripe-ning Krasnostop Anapsky was used as a control for a comparative analysis of the main biochemical cha-racteristics. A pressing issue for breeders has always been the creation of new sustainable and high-tech grape varieties with their subsequent recommendation for implementation in the production process. The research results showed that the studied hybrids 59-39 and 62-23 annually have stable yields, high sugar accumulation compared to the control variety: 59-39 – 24.2 g / 100 cm3, 62-23 – 24.1, control – 24.0 g/100 cm3. The content of ammonium compounds in hybrid forms is small and comparable to the control. For example, in form 59-39, the content of ammonium compounds is 20 mg/dm3, which is at the level of the control variety. The concentration of metal cations in the juice of berries indicates a high content of these compounds in the soil. The content of potassium in the must is especially high. The studied hybrid forms of grapes have prospects for further study in order to obtain a new variety.

Vitis species for stress tolerance/resistance

AbstractMany wild plant species are actually true treasures of our world. The value of these treasures is better understood today and many wild species are used for different purposes. Also Vitis species are among the most important species with their ancient history. China and North America are the native ranges of many Vitis species that survive to the present day, most of which have survived by natural selection. These species have attracted the attention of plant breeders for many years due to their resistance to various biotic and abiotic stress conditions, and they have used these species to develop new cultivars. In parallel with the developments in the field of biotechnology, interspecific hybrid genotypes obtained in breeding research for resistance to different stress conditions can be obtained in accordance with the targets in a much shorter time. In these investigations, gene regions in Vitis species with resistance genes were transferred to new hybrid genotypes. Additionally, these species have been used as parents in many breeding programs in different countries due to their resistance to biotic stress conditions, especially fungal diseases. Similar breeding research has been carried out on tolerance to abiotic stress conditions, and interspecific cross-breeding have been made to develop hybrid genotypes that are more tolerant to many abiotic stress conditions. In recent years, resistance and high-quality wine and table grape cultivars obtained from rossbreeding have begun to be used in production. As a result, newly developed interspecific hybrid grapes can be grown with much lower production costs in accordance with the sustainable viticulture model.

Polyphenol composition and antioxidant activity of wine raw materials and pomace from hybrid grapes, aronia, and Japanese quince ia melanocarpa) and Japanese quince (Chaenomeles japonica)

Wine pomace contains high amounts of bioactive compounds, mainly polyphenols, with varying concentrations depending on multiple factors. This research aimed to determine differences in the content of polyphenols and antioxidant activity of the wine raw materials and pomace of Japanese quince (‘Rasa’), aronia (seedlings), and grape (‘Hasansky Sladky’) and between harvest years (2021, 2022), as well as between fruits and pomace. Pomace from aronia and Japanese quince was obtained after maceration for 5 and 7 days, respectively, while grape pomace was collected on the day of harvest. The polyphenol content of fruits and pomace varied significantly between harvest years. Aronia had the highest total polyphenol content in fruits (989 mg GAE 100 g-1) and pomace (1022 mg GAE 100 g-1), followed by Japanese quince (625 and 722 mg GAE 100 g-1) and grapes (390 and 481 mg GAE 100 g-1). Aronia fruits and pomace had higher antioxidant activity. Compared to the fruits, aronia pomace had less chlorogenic acid and neochlorogenic acid. Flavanols were the main polyphenols in the Japanese quince, showing lower content in the pomace when compared to fruits, except catechin content was higher. The content of anthocyanins and flavonols was higher in the rosé wine pomace than in the fruits of grapes.

Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of monoterpene biosynthesis in Muscat and Neutral grape hybrids

Monoterpenes are typical aroma components of muscat grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars. However, differences in the molecular mechanism of monoterpene biosynthesis between Muscat and non-Muscat grapes remain unclear. Here, comprehensive transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of two F1 hybrids with different aroma profiles obtained from crosses between 'Muscat Hamburg' and 'Red Globe' grapes were performed to examine the unique monoterpene accumulation pattern and related candidate genes. The concentrations of most monoterpenes differed at various times, in the hybrid progeny, increasing from the pre-veraison stage to the veraison stage, followed by a decreasing trend from veraison to maturity. Within the F1 generation, the concentrations of accumulated monoterpenes were significantly higher in Muscat grapes than in neutral grapes. Furthermore, linalool, α-terpineol, and l-α-terpineol may be important odorants affecting the floral characteristics of Muscat grapes due to their high odor activity values. Transcriptional analysis identified three VvDXS (LOC100249323, LOC100268079, and LOC100247834), 1 VvHDS (LOC100257071), one VvMVK (LOC100251148), one VvHMGR (LOC100265082), and one VvGGPPS (LOC100257234) genes encoding proteins involved in the MEP and MVA pathways. Eleven TPS genes potentially involved in monoterpene regulation were also identified. Among them, VvTPS (LOC100853562) showed consistency with the accumulation of monoterpenes and had a high expression level; MYB (LOC100255488), GATA (LOC100262474), and ERF (LOC100255943, LOC100260401) were selected as candidate genes encoding transcription factors. The findings in this study provide new insights for further functional validation and investigation of genes related to monoterpene synthesis in Muscat aroma grapes.

Identification and Validation of New Reference Genes for Normalization of Gene Expression in Flower and Berry Developmental Stages of Interspecific Grape Hybrid V. vinifera (L.) × V. labrusca (L.)

Abstract In quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), normalizing target gene expression using a reference gene is an indispensable step to control the variability of RNA extraction yield, RNA integrity, reverse transcription efficiency, and PCR amplification. In the present study, we identified candidate reference genes with stable expression during grapes’ flowering and berry development stages. Ten genes, including ACT, CYP5, RLI, TUB, UBC, UBC17, UBC60, UFD1, VAG, and ZNF with relatively stable expression, were selected based on RNAseq data generated earlier in grape hybrid ‘ARI 516’. The expression of these candidate genes was tested at different stages of flowering and grape berry development. Five different algorithms such as RefFinder, geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and the comparative ΔCq method were used to test the expression stability of candidate genes. A comprehensive ranking obtained by RefFinder showed that UBC17, RLI, and ZNF were the most stable reference genes during flower and berry development stages. UBC17, RLI, and ZNF were calibrators to normalize the expression of VvAGL11 as a target gene to validate the worthiness of identified reference genes. The result demonstrated that newly identified reference genes could be successfully used to normalize the expression of the target gene accurately. These reference genes will provide more choices for selecting appropriate reference genes to normalize gene expression in grapes.

Yeast communities of a North American hybrid wine grape differ between organic and conventional vineyards.

To compare the species diversity and composition of indigenous yeast communities of hybrid grapes from conventionally and organically cultivated vineyards of an emerging cool-climate wine producing region. Illumina MiSeq sequences from L'Acadie blanc grape musts were processed and filtered to characterize indigenous yeast communities in organic and conventional vineyards of the Annapolis Valley wine region in Nova Scotia, Canada. While cultivation practice was not associated with yeast diversity or species richness, there was a strong effect on yeast community composition, with conventional vineyards characterized by higher proportions of Sporidiobolales and Filobasidium magnum, and organic vineyards supporting Filobasidium species other than F. magnum and higher proportions of Symmetrospora. There was also variation in yeast community composition among individual vineyards, and from year to year. This is the first comprehensive assessment of yeasts associated with hybrid grapes grown using different cultivation practices in a North American cool climate wine region. Communities were dominated by basidiomycete yeasts and species composition of these yeasts differed significantly between vineyards employing organic and conventional cultivation practices. The role of basidiomycete yeasts in winemaking is not well understood, but some species may influence wine characteristics.

Tannin and Iron-Reactive Phenolics Content in Red Cold-Hardy Hybrid Grape Tissues throughout Development and Ripening.

Phenolic compounds, especially tannins, are important for red wine quality. Wines made from cold-hardy hybrid grape cultivars have much lower tannin concentrations than wines from Vitis vinifera grape cultivars. This study assessed the phenolics content of berry tissues of three red cold-hardy hybrid cultivars in comparison to V. vinifera cv. 'Pinot noir' throughout development and ripening. Basic chemical properties, iron-reactive phenolics content, and tannin content were evaluated in the juice, skins, and seeds of Vitis spp. cvs. 'Crimson Pearl', 'Marquette', and 'Petite Pearl' and 'Pinot noir' at six time points from one week post-fruit set to harvest in 2021 and 2022. 'Crimson Pearl' displayed similar iron-reactive phenolics and tannin contents in juice, skins (22.6-25.4 mg/g dry skin and 8.0-12.2 mg/g dry skin, respectively), and seeds (12.8-29.8 mg/g dry seed and 4.2-22.0 mg/g dry seed, respectively) as 'Petite Pearl' and 'Marquette' at harvest in 2022. The hybrid cultivars showed a similar trend of phenolic accumulation as 'Pinot noir' but resulted in overall lower content in skins and seeds. Despite differences in developmental trends, the three hybrid grape cultivars displayed similar phenolic content at harvest ripeness. This is the first study examining the phenolic content of 'Crimson Pearl' and 'Petite Pearl' throughout berry development and ripening. This study provides important information for the wine industry to make informed decisions on making wine with these cultivars.

Unraveling varietal differences and nutraceutical potentials of Manjari Medika grape hybrid and its parents: An untargeted metabolomics study

The study presents a robust, reliable, and precise classification model that accurately compares the metabolite composition of an Indian grape hybrid named Manjari Medika (MM) to its parental lines, Pusa Navrang (PN) and Flame Seedless (FS). The objective was to evaluate the impact of PN and FS on the MM metabolome, and investigate the nutraceutical potential of these three grape varieties. By employing a liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry based untargeted approach, the methanolic extracts of these grapes were screened. The metabolites were identified by matching with globally available databases and were further subjected to multivariate statistical analysis. The study identified 427 metabolites, out of which 410 compounds were common across all three varieties. The MM cultivar revealed 73 distinct compounds. The chemoinformatics analysis identified 21 metabolites as distinguishing biomarkers. In MM, the elevated relative abundance of the potentially bioactive metabolites suggests its suitability as a potential functional food. From the statistical analysis, it is hypothesized that the anthocyanin profile and drought tolerance may be influenced by PN, while FS could potentially contribute to enhanced shelf life. This study could help grape breeders map inheritance pattern of bioactive compounds and identify the best parents and progenies to create robust varieties with rich metabolite profiles.

Diversity of flavour characteristics of table grapes and their contributing volatile compounds analysed by the solvent-assisted flavour evaporation method.

To identify the compounds that contribute to the diverse flavours of table grapes, the flavours and volatile compounds of 38 grape cultivars harvested over 3 years are evaluated through sensory analysis and solvent-assisted flavour evaporation (SAFE). The cultivars are characterized and grouped into seven clusters by hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) using sensory evaluation data with a flavour wheel specific to table grapes. These clusters were similar to conventional flavour classifications, except that the foxy and neutral cultivars form multiple clusters, highlighting the flavour diversity of table grapes. The SAFE method provides a comprehensive profile of the volatile compounds, including slightly volatile compounds whose profiles are lacking in hybrid grapes and Vitis rotundifolia. The sensory evaluation is supported by the volatile compound profiles, and relationships between the datasets are clarified by multivariate analysis. Specific accumulations and combinations of compounds (α-pinene, β-pinene, phenylethyl alcohol, furaneol, mesifurane, methyl N-formylanthranilate, and mixed ethyl ester and monoterpenoid) were also identified that contribute to the diversity of flavours (fresh green, floral, fruity, fatty green, sweet, fermented/sour) in table grapes, including linalool and linalool analogues (muscat flavour) along with ethyl ester and hydroxyethyl esters (foxy flavour). The accumulation of these compounds was positively related to a higher flavour intensity. Their specific accumulation and combination supported the flavour diversity of table grapes. This study identified novel flavour-associated compound profiles in table grapes through in-depth volatile compound analysis and non-conventional multivariate analysis.

ИТОГИ НАУЧНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ АНАПСКОЙ ЗОНАЛЬНОЙ ОПЫТНОЙ СТАНЦИИ ВИНОГРАДАРСТВА И ВИНОДЕЛИЯ – ФИЛИАЛА ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО БЮДЖЕТНОГО НАУЧНОГО УЧРЕЖДЕНИЯ «СЕВЕРО-КАВКАЗСКИЙ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНЫЙ НАУЧНЫЙ ЦЕНТР САДОВОДСТВА, ВИНОГРАДАРСТВА, ВИНОДЕЛИЯ» ЗА 2023 ГОД

The article summarizes the main results of scientific research conducted by scientists of Anapa ZESV&W – branch of FSBSI NCFSCGVW in 2023 in the performance of the State task, aimed at the search, mobilisation, conservation, study and replenishment of gene resources of grapes, development of a method of analysis of vegetation indices of ampelocenoses according to long-term satellite data and obtaining new knowledge about the regularities of the influence of biotic and abiotic factors of growing grapes, as well as technological methods of wine production on changes in the biochemical composition of grapes. The researches were carried out in plantations of the center of collective use Anapa ampelographic collection and production plantations of grapes of Krasnodar region by generally accepted and adapted methods. As a result of fulfilment of the thematic plan, 7 completed developments of fundamental and 4 of priority-applied importance were obtained, including: 5 sources of breeding-valuable traits, 2 elite forms, 1 standard operating procedure for growing hybrid grape seedlings (SOP 00668034-005-2023), 1 database (Certificate of state registration of database № 2023623958 from 14.11.2023, application № 2023623768 from 08.11.2023), 1 computer programme (Certificate of state registration of database № 2023623958 from 14.11.2023, application №2023623768 from 08.11.2023), 1 technological instruction (Technology of production of wine and wine in bulk (wine material) dry white «Barkhatnyi Muscat» (TI 11.02.12-185-00668034-2023). 2 patents have been obtained based on the results of research. In general, the scientific institution maintains 21 objects of intellectual property, 14 of them – for varieties. The benchmark for fulfilment of the R&D plan on publication activity according to the state assignment for 2023 was a publication score of 7.0. The actual implementation was 11.6 points. The total number of published papers is 24, 11 of which were included in the RSCI core.

Leveduras alternativas como agentes microbianos para vinhos produzidos a partir de uvas não-Vitis vinifera: Uma abordagem sensométrica. Parte 1: BRS Núbia

ABSTRACT Wines are produced from Vitis vinifera or American/hybrid grapes as a result of alcoholic fermentation and this bioprocess is modulated by yeasts of the Saccharomyces or non-Saccharomyces species. This study aimed at characterizing the chemical and sensory acceptance profiles of wines produced from BRS Núbia hybrid grapes with the classic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC), and alternative yeasts Saccharomyces bayanus (SB) and Saccharomyces uvarum (SU). The wines produced using the same winemaking protocol were evaluated using the physicochemical parameters of total acidity, volatile acidity, total dry extract, reducing sugars, alcohol content, total phenolic content, color indices and the sensory acceptance method. All the physicochemical parameters evaluated were in accordance with the legislation. The SC wine sample showed greater acceptance of appearance and body due to its high color intensity, reducing sugar and total phenolic content. The SU wine sample was related to the physicochemical parameters of acidity (total and volatile), alcohol content, dry extract and CIELab parameters, showing higher acceptance for aroma, flavor, overall acceptance and purchase intention. The SB wine showed no relationship with any physicochemical property or sensory acceptance attribute. The SU yeast showed potential in producing wines with great acceptance by Brazilian consumers, considered an alternative yeast that can be used for the production of hybrid grape wines.

CONTROL OF THE SELECTIVITY OF THE SEPARATION OF GRAPE ANTHOCYANIDIN 3-GLUCOSIDES AND 3,5-DIGLUCOSIDES: DETERMINATION OF ANTHOCYANINS IN GRAPE FRUIT GROWN IN THE BELGOROD REGION

For the first time, a new version of the separation of 3-glucosides and 3,5-diglucosides of the five main anthocyanidins for grape fruits - delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, peonidin and malvidin under reverse-phase HPLC conditions was proposed. It has been shown that the replacement of the traditionally used acetonitrile with environmentally more acceptable ethanol upon acidification with ortho-phosphoric rather than formic acid makes it possible to significantly change the selectivity of the separation of two types of glucosides at their joint presence. The proposed separation option allows differentiating between Vitis vinifera grapes, in the fruit peel of which only 3-glucosides of the above anthocyanidins are synthesized, and grapes of other species or hybrid grape varieties. For a complete review of the anthocyanin composition, it is necessary to use a gradient mode, since the acylation of anthocyanins with acetic and p-coumaric acids significantly changes the lipophilicity of anthocyanins. The type of anthocyanins was analyzed according to the previously proposed system, which takes into account the activity of three types of enzymes: 1) 5-О-glucosyltransferase that leads to 3,5-diglucosides synthesis; 2) 3',5'-hydroxylase responsible for ring B hydroxylation; 3) anthocyanin O-methyltransferase for converting cyanidin into peonidin derivatives as well as delphinidine into petunidin and malvidin glycosides. The method was used to determine anthocyanins in 43 grape varieties grown in Belgorod on farms and private farms. Among the studied grapes, varieties were found with grape fruits with the accumulation of only 3-glucosides, as well as 3-glucosides and 3,5-diglucosides simultaneously, with delphinidin and cyanidin types of anthocyanins, and with different degrees of methylation. The calculated parameters for all grape varieties are presented in two tables and a brief discussion of some varieties is given.

Using Non-SaccharomycesYeast to Modify Acidity during Wine Fermentations fromVitisHybrid Grapes Grown in a Warm Region

Using Non-<i>Saccharomyces</i>Yeast to Modify Acidity during Wine Fermentations from<i>Vitis</i>Hybrid Grapes Grown in a Warm Region

New table grape hybrids development from teinturier population with enhanced phytochemical quality

According to consumer demands, table grape breeding programs work to obtain innovative high quality seedless varieties with new flavours and shapes, high yields, adapted to environmental conditions, and resistant to diseases and pests. Therefore, our objective was to study 9 selected table grapes hybrids with potential market acceptance in terms of sensory and physicochemical quality, and their main bioactive compounds content during two consecutive seasons. A total of 71 hybrids were initially obtained from their parentals [‘Alicante Bouschet’ (AB) × ‘Itumfifteen’ (IT-15)]. Selected hybrids were classified according to the red colour of the flesh: non-coloured (NCF), partially coloured (PCF), and totally coloured (TCF). PCF and TCF hybrids showed 1.1–2-fold higher phenolic acids, 1.1–5.5-fold in flavonols, 1–5-fold in stilbenes, and between 1.3- and 48.4-fold in anthocyanins, respectively compared to their parentals (AB and IT-15). These were related to increases of 1.2–3.6-fold in total antioxidant capacity (TAC), being berry flesh responsible for the content of 43 % of such bioactive compounds. Therefore, the coloured flesh selected hybrids of the studied teinturier population were enhanced in phytochemical quality regarding their parentals, which has led in the development of potential healthier varieties for human consumption.