Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Composites Research Articles

Review of: "Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Sisal Fiber and Sugar Palm Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Composites"

Review of: "Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Sisal Fiber and Sugar Palm Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Composites"

Fiber Synergy of Polyvinyl Alcohol and Steel Fibers on the Bond Behavior of a Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composite.

Based on multi-scale characteristics inherent in the cracking process of cementitious composites, fibers with different geometric dimensions are simultaneously used to restrain the formation and development of cracks at different scales. Accordingly, hybrid fiber-reinforced cementitious composites (HyFRCCs) exhibit excellent bond behavior and deformation capacity in terms of tension and compression, accompanied by higher damage tolerance. Using these benefits of the mechanical properties of HyFRCCs, the structural performance of HyFRCC structures under complex loading conditions can be improved. To objectively evaluate the contributions of all fibers to the mechanical properties of HyFRCCs, steel macro-fibers, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) micro-fibers were used to design several reinforced cementitious composites. Four of the specimens were mono-fibrous cementitious composites, three specimens were cementitious composites reinforced with hybrid fibers, and one was a non-fibrous cementitious composite. The synergy effect of the steel and PVA fibers was analyzed using various fiber combinations. The results indicated a significant enhancement of the bonding properties of HyFRCCs through the incorporation of PVA and steel fibers. Specifically, the peak bond strength, peak slip displacement, and residual bond strength exhibited increments ranging from 31.0% to 41.7%, 60.6% to 118.4%, and 34.6% to 391.3%, respectively, in comparison to the reference test block. Notably, the combined presence of the PVA and steel fibers consistently demonstrated a positive confounding effect on the residual bond strength. However, negative confounding effects were observed in terms of the peak bond strength and peak slip displacement, particularly with 1.0% steel fiber content and 0.5% PVA fiber content.

The Behavior of Banyan (B)/Banana (Ba) Fibers Reinforced Hybrid Composites Influenced by Chemical Treatment on Tensile, Bending and Water Absorption Behavior: An Experimental and FEA Investigation

Natural fiber-based composites are highly prioritized in present industries due to their properties and benefits over synthetic fibers. Due to their biodegradable nature, banyan and banana fibers were used for the present work. This paper deals with an experimental and FEA investigation of the tensile and bending behavior of banyan (B) and banana (Ba)-reinforced composites with different volume fractions, such as 25B/25Ba, 30B/20Ba, and 35B/15Ba, with a 50% weight fraction of epoxy resin and different fiber orientations. The hybrid composites treated with a 5% NaOH solution have better results as compared to untreated hybrid composites, with a volume fraction of 30% banyan fibers and 20% banana fiber (30B/20Ba), giving greater tensile and flexural properties for both treated and untreated fiber composites when compared to other volume fraction composites at 0/0/0/0 orientation. The maximum tensile and bending strength was found in the 30B/20Ba volume fractions to be 63.37 MPa and 67.07 MPa, respectively. For treated fiber composites, water absorption increases with an increase in the duration of immersion in composites up to 144 h.

Mechanical properties and thermal characteristics of three nano-filler/silk fiber reinforced hybrid composites: A comparative study using a ductile epoxy resin matrix

In contemporary developments across automotive, aerospace, and military industries, there is an ever-growing demand for lightweight and robust polymer composites. In this study, a ductile epoxy resin, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), and silica nanoparticles were used to fabricate nano-fillers/epoxy composites and nano-fillers/silk fibers/epoxy hybrid composites through solution casting and hot pressing. Their mechanical properties and thermal characteristics were analyzed and compared, which show that: these nano-fillers can dramatically enhance the strength and stiffness of the ductile epoxy resin; however, this is achieved at the expense of its toughness and extensibility. CNT/silk fiber/epoxy hybrid composite has the highest tensile strength (81.10 MPa), Young's modulus (3.76 GPa) and impact strength (103.7 kJ/m2), while the CNFs-reinforced one exhibits the highest breaking energy (9.96 MJ/m3). These nano-fillers almost do not affect the thermal stability of the epoxy resin and silk fiber composites. In addition, the fracture modes of their reinforced composites were revealed by macroscopic and microscopic observations.

Characterisation of Nano Aluminium Oxide Filled Hybrid Cotton Glass FRP Composite Structures

Natural fiber-based composite manufacturing is now an expanding field of study, and it is the preferred option not only because of its exceptional qualities such as light weight, rigidity, low density and superior mechanical properties, but also because it is affordable, biodegradable, fully or mostly recyclable and renewable. A Glass Fibre is a type of Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) made of tiny glass fibers embedded in a plastic matrix. Hybridization of natural and synthetic fibres has to be done to overcome the shortfall of these fibres. When compared to single Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites, fibre-reinforced hybrid composites offer improved mechanical, thermal, and damping characteristics. The goal of this research is to see how Nano Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3) fillers affect the characteristics of hybrid cotton-glass FRP composites. The vacuum bagging technique was used to make nano Al2O3 particles - hybrid cotton-glass FRP composites out of glass fibre chopped strand mat, cotton fabric, epoxy resin, and nano-Al2O3 fillers. The nano Al2O3 fillers were integrated in different weight (wt.) ratios in the FRP and the effect on tensile, flexural and impact properties were examined.

Influence of suspended cenospheres on the mechanical characteristics and wear loss of natural fiber-reinforced hybrid composites: implications for biomedical applications and sustainable material management.

The need for non-conventional natural fibres for synthesis of hybrid composites has gained momentum in the recent past. Taking into consideration this need, in the current study, hybrid composites were fabricated by reinforcing wood apple shell powder and coconut shell powder, in the resin with varying amounts of cenospheres (up to 20 wt% in increments of 5 wt%) to evaluate their mechanical and tribological properties. The densities of these composites were directly correlated with the quantity of additives utilized. Enhanced tensile and flexural properties were noted in composites containing 10 wt% cenospheres, along with 15 wt% wood apple shell powder and coconut shell powder, compared to other formulations. Dry sliding wear tests were performed at room temperature using a pin-on-disc apparatus, considering loading factors, travel distance, and speed. A hybrid composite consisting of 10 wt% cenospheres, subjected to a normal load of 10 N (1.02 kgf), and tested at a sliding speed of 1.5 m s-1 (90 m min-1) over a distance of 500 m, exhibited superior wear resistance compared to all other composite variations.

Properties and applications of natural, synthetic and hybrid fiber reinforced polymer composite: A review

<p>Environmental challenges associated with synthetic reinforcement in polymer composites, such as non-biodegradability and poor recyclability, require the exploration of various natural materials, especially from waste streams, to fully or partially replace such reinforcements. However, these natural fibers also present challenges such as high water absorption, low thermal stability, and average mechanical properties. To circumvent these problems, natural fiber-reinforced hybrid composites, which contain one or more types of natural reinforcement, are gaining increasing research interest. This paper presents a review of natural fiber-reinforced hybrid composites. Both thermoplastics and thermosets reinforced by natural and synthetic fibers (hybrid fibers) are reviewed. The properties of fibers and the resulting composites and processing techniques are summarized.</p>

Retracted: Multiobjective Optimization of Mechanical Properties on Sisal-Glass Fiber-Reinforced Hybrid Composites Using Response Surface Methodology and LINGO Analysis

Retracted: Multiobjective Optimization of Mechanical Properties on Sisal-Glass Fiber-Reinforced Hybrid Composites Using Response Surface Methodology and LINGO Analysis

Analysis of the integrated performance of hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer composite used for thermal protection based on a dual-scale ablation model

In order to cope with more extreme aerothermodynamic environment, a dual-layer hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer composite (HFRP) was proposed as a thermal protection material. A dual-scale ablation model was developed to evaluate the performance of this composite, including a meso‑scale heat transfer model and a macro-scale ablation model, and the two models were effectively linked. The models were validated have good reliability. The meso‑scale thermal properties and macro-scale ablation performance of dual-layer HFRP were compared with those of traditional carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composite (CFRP). The effect of thickness the of HFRP on the performance of dual-layer HFRP was also investigated. Finally, the integrated ablation resistance-insulation-lightweight design of the composite was comprehensively evaluated by Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). The results show that the new composite proposed in this paper maintains good ablation resistance and light weight while the thermal insulation performance had significantly improved, especially when the thickness of the HFRP is 50 %, the comprehensive performance is optimal, and the warp yarn hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer composite (WaHFRP) has better performance. Dual-layer HFRP had obvious advantages to CFRP, and can be used as a reference in the design of thermal protection materials.

An experimental study on mechanical, physical, and thermal properties of waste hair-rattan hybrid fiber-reinforced composite

An experimental study on mechanical, physical, and thermal properties of waste hair-rattan hybrid fiber-reinforced composite

Numerical study on the design of flax/bamboo fiber reinforced hybrid composites under bending load

Natural fiber-based composites are essential for the environment in this era of depletion of petroleum resources and for new green environmental rules, as they have limited detrimental behavior or response against the environment. In this paper, firstly, the suitability of replacing glass fiber with natural bamboo fiber in a flax/glass/epoxy hybrid composite under a fixed bending load is investigated using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software ABAQUS with proper model validation. Finally, five different lay-up sequences of flax/bamboo/epoxy hybrid composite laminate for fixed volume fractions of flax and bamboo strips are investigated numerically to develop design strategies for binary hybrid composite. It is found that the bending stiffness and equivalent modulus of elasticity for model FB-1 are increased by 37.53 % and 37.52 % respectively compared to the base model while the energy absorption for model FB-3 is highest which is 105.89 % higher than the base model. Analysis of various lay-up sequences showed that flexural behavior can be improved by fabricating binary hybrid composites using the concept of a sandwich structure. It is shown that all highly stiff laminas should be placed on the outer sides of the composite to achieve the maximum bending stiffness whereas they should be placed at the center to attain the maximum energy absorption.

Multi-objective optimal design for carbon and basalt fibre-reinforced hybrid composites under flexural loading

This paper presents a study on the optimal design of hybrid composites reinforced by woven carbon and basalt fibre fabrics. The investigation focuses on evaluating the flexural properties of these hybrid composites through finite element analysis (FEA)-based simulations. To determine potential optimal stacking sequences, design rules are employed. For each stacking sequence, a regression model is developed to establish the correlation between the flexural strength and the fibre volume fractions. Using these regression models, solutions meeting the minimum required flexural strength are found for each stacking sequence. With the objectives of minimising both cost and weight, the optimal solutions are found from these solutions. It is shown that for most optimal solutions, basalt/epoxy and carbon/epoxy plies should be placed on the compressive and tensile sides, respectively. When the minimum required flexural strength is high (800 MPa or 900 MPa), sandwich type stacking sequences with carbon/epoxy plies on both the compressive and tensile sides can also be the optimal solutions. Key findings from this study include.1. Stacking sequences [C]8, [B2C6], [B2C2BC3], [B2C2]2, [B2C2B3C], [B2CB4C], and [B7C] are optimal solutions for all minimum flexural strengths.2. Stacking sequences [B3C]2 and [B]8 are optimal solutions when the minimum flexural strength is up to 800 MPa.3. Stacking sequence [BC7] can be one of the optimal solutions when the minimum flexural strength is 600 MPa or 700 MPa.4. Stacking sequence [C4B2C2] is one of the optimal solutions when the minimum flexural strength is 800 MPa or 900 MPa, and stacking sequence [C3B3C2] is one of the optimal solutions when the minimum flexural strength is 900 MPa.

Impact Resistance of 3D-Printed Continuous Hybrid Fiber-Reinforced Composites.

Improving the resilience of 3D-printed composites through material extrusion technology (MEX) is an ongoing challenge in order to meet the rigorous requirements of critical applications. The primary objective of this research was to enhance the impact resistance of 3D-printed composites by incorporating continuous hybrid fibers. Herein, continuous virgin carbon (1k) and Kevlar (130D and 200D) fibers were used with different weight and volume fractions as reinforcing fibers to produce hybrid and non-hybrid composites for impact resistance testing to obtain energy absorption with different impact energies: 20 J, 30 J, 40 J, and 50 J. Moreover, 0°/90° fiber orientations were used. Hybrid composites with combinations of PLA + CF + 130D KF and PLA + CF + 200D KF showed higher impact resistance, less damaged areas (71.45% to 90.486%), and higher energy absorption (5.52-11.64% more) behaviors compared to PLA + CF non-hybrids. CT scan images provided strong evidence to resist the fracture and breakage patterns, because the stiffness and elongation properties of the fibers acted together in the hybrids specimens. Furthermore, positive hybrid effects of the PLA + CF + KF hybrids also showed an ideal match of toughness and flexibility in order to resist the impacts. In the future, these hybrids will have the potential to replace the single type of composites in the fields of aerospace and automobiles.

Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Characterization, Ranking and Water Absorption Behavior of RHA/WDA/RHAWDA Filled Epoxy Based Glass Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Composites

In the present research work, a novel class of epoxy built hybrid combinations strengthened with E-Glass woven rowed mat and occupied with rice husk ash (RHA), wood dust ash (WDA) and a mixture of RHA & WDA has been developed and structural mechanical properties were determined and the results were matched with the non-filled composites. The studies on these composites reveal that the tensile strength (TS) of the composites is decreased by the escalation in weight percentage of the filler material and the rest of the mechanical properties were increased with the increase in weightiness proportion of RHA, WDA and RHAWDA. TOPSIS and VIKOR’S ranking methods are applied to know the best composite from 16 alternative composites having 6 attributes. From the results, the composite filled with RHA at 5 wt% is selected as the best composite based on mechanical characteristics. Water absorption behavior of the composites at various time intervals for RHA, WDA and RHAWDA filled hybrid composites has been studied and it is concluded that the composites occupied with RHA at 12.5 wt% have given the minimum water absorption rate (WA) compared to other filled composites immersed in distilled and mineral waters and the composite filled with WDA at 2.5 wt% has exhibited the minimum water absorption rate (WA) when it is immersed in ground water for 144 hours of a time interval. Based on the results of water absorption rate (WA) and mechanical characteristics (impact strength and Vickers hardness) the composites filled with RHA at 5 wt% and RHA at 12.5 wt% can be used for the manufacturing of roof sheets and water tanks.

Structural performance analysis of hemp fiber-reinforced hybrid composites in wind turbine blade manufacturing

The modern environmental policy encourages the development of green energy industries, including wind turbine industry. The scientific community tests the possibility of introducing and using, in the different structures of the wind turbine, reliable and eco-friendly materials.The objective of this study was to design an optimal wind turbine blade using hemp fibers as composites reinforcement. To do so, first, the blade design was defined using Blade Element Momentum (BEM) theory and done using Catia V5®. Then, a finite element model of the blade was created by PATRAN® software and analyzed by NASTRAN® software. Finally, based on analyses of various scenarios, the choice of the material under the static load was reported.The optimal scenario based on the insertion of hemp fibers showed a 20% reduction in weight between the old and new model, and a cost reduction of approximately 30%, while still conforming to blade design standards.

Effect of red mud on mechanical and thermal properties of agave sisalana/glass fiber–reinforced hybrid composites

Abstract The mechanical, thermal, and morphological analysis of red mud filled sisal/glass fiber–reinforced polyester composites have been investigated. In this study, four composite specimens were prepared through hand layup technique by changing the weight percentage of sisal fiber and red mud. Weight percentage of glass fiber and polyester resin are kept constant. The fabricated composite specimens were subjected to mechanical properties such as hardness, impact and tensile behavior, thermal, and morphological analysis. From the results, it is observed that, maximum tensile strength of 45.6 MPa was obtained for C1 specimen. Maximum hardness and impact strength of 85.67 and 391.5 J m−1 was achieved for C2 specimen. In TGA study, C1 and C2 specimen exhibited 85 % of weight loss with the temperature ranges from 300 °C to 400 °C. From SEM analysis, good bonding between fiber and matrix, voids, fiber breakages, fiber pullout, delamination, rich matrix area, poor adhesion between fiber and matrix, poor arrangement of fibers, interlinked fibers, and crack propagation were observed. Based on the results, C2 specimen which contains 30 wt% of sisal fiber and 5 wt% of red mud is performed well than other composites and it is suitable for various applications such as marine, automobile, and aeronautical.

Influence of stacking sequence and halloysite addition on the fracture toughness and low‐velocity impact strength of carbon/glass fiber reinforced hybrid composites

AbstractThe objective of this study is to produce bidirectional woven carbon/glass fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites and to assess their fracture toughness (FT) and low‐velocity impact strength. The composites were produced for the study by changing the stacking order of fiber layers using a vacuum assisted resin infusion process. In addition, the consequence of halloysite nano‐clay addition on the above properties were explored. The outcomes disclosed that the arrangement of fiber layer notably influences the FT and low‐velocity impact strength of the composites. Particularly, the addition of more carbon fiber layers played a key role in enhancing the FT of hybrid composites, while a reverse trend was observed for low‐velocity impact strength of composites due to the elastic nature of glass fibers, which absorbs more energy through global deformation. Additionally, the incorporation of halloysites enhanced the FT and impact strength of hybrid composites due to increased interfacial adhesion between composite elements. In addition, morphological analysis was conducted to evaluate the damage morphologies and failure mechanisms of tested laminates, which offers crucial information for the structural design of these laminates as well as for the enhancement of their performance.Highlights Fracture toughness and impact strength of hybrid composites were investigated. Arranging carbon fibers on the extreme layers enhanced the fracture toughness. Glass fiber used in hybrid composite supports to increase their impact strength. Addition of halloysite improved the overall performance of hybrid composites.

Active damping of multiscale composite shells using Sinus theory incorporated with Murakami’s zig-zag function

This article is divided into two main sections, the focus of the first is to develop a finite element model using the in-house MATLAB codes, implementing the sinusoidal shear deformation theory incorporating Murakami’s zig-zag function to encounter the inherent zig-zag effects of the laminated structures. The focus of the second is to investigate the active damping behavior of laminated multiscale hybrid fiber-reinforced composite (HFRC) smart shells via active constrained layer damping (ACLD) treatment using the proposed theory. The ACLD treatment layers comprise a constrained layer of viscoelastic material and an advance constraining layer of 1–3 piezoelectric composite material with vertically/obliquely oriented piezo-fibers, responsible for the active control. The computed numerical results of the laminated HFRC shell are analyzed and compared with the laminated base composite shell for symmetric/anti-symmetric cross-ply and anti-symmetric angle-ply. Moreover, we investigated the effect of carbon nanotube waviness and piezo-fibers orientation on the damping performance of the laminated HFRC/ACLD smart shell system. The analysis shows that the damping behavior of laminated HFRC shells improved due to the waviness of carbon nanotubes and that the orientation of piezo-fibers greatly influenced the effectiveness of the ACLD treatment patches. The proposed laminated multiscale HFRC/ACLD shell system with straight and wavy carbon nanotubes can be extensively used in structural health monitoring applications to actively control the mechanical vibrations induced in structures.

Hybridization effects on ballistic impact behavior of carbon/ aramid fiber reinforced hybrid composite

Fiber reinforced polymer and its hybrid composites are widely used in bulletproof production. The ballistic limit, failure mode and energy absorption of a hybrid fiber reinforced polymer target (HFRPT) composed of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) and aramid fiber composite (AF) were studied in this paper. A finite element model was formulated to investigate the hybridization effect of layer thickness and stacking sequence on the ballistic behavior. A theoretical method was proposed to predict the ballistic limits of HFRPT, demonstrating an error percentage of less than 10% in most of the hybridization. Four typical failure modes including compression failure, tensile failure, shear plugging failure and tension shear coupling failure were observed in HFRPT, and the influence of hybridization on the alternations of failure modes was observed. Additionally, the effect of stacking sequences and layer thickness on energy absorption of HFRPT was examined. For the HFRPTs with a total thickness of 10 mm, the AF/CFRP hybridization proves to offer better ballistic impact resistance performance than the CFRP/AF hybridization. The HFRPT with a stacking sequence of 9 mm AF and 1 mm CFRP achieves a maximum ballistic limit of 420 m/s and the highest impact energy areal density ratio of 323 J/(g/cm2).

Influence of glass fiber hybridization on flexural and water absorption behaviour of banana fiber reinforced epoxy composites

The majority of vehicle constructions used in the aviation, automotive, and marine industries are subject to various loads. These constructions are more vulnerable to flexural stress, as can be observed. Under the influence of flexural loads, structures can gradually suffer harmful deterioration. The resistance of curved banana/glass fiber reinforced hybrid composites to flexural stress is very important. This research is aimed to examine the influence of glass fiber hybridization on flexural and water uptake percentage of banana fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Glass fiber is a manmade fiber composed mainly of silica, known for its high strength, rigidity, and resistance to heat and chemicals. Banana fiber, in contrast, is a natural fiber derived from the banana plant, offering moderate strength, flexibility, and biodegradability. Glass fiber finds applications in industries requiring strong and durable materials, while banana fiber is sought after for its sustainable and eco-friendly characteristics. In this work, we have fabricated the banana fiber reinforced epoxy composites by adding glass fiber from 0 to 20 weight% through hand layup technique. Then, flexural test and water absorption test has been investigated as per ASTM standards and compared the hybridization effect of glass fiber. From the findings, it is determined that, increase in weight % of glass fiber increasing the flexural behaviour and water resistance of the composites.