Nesting behavior was found to differ for animals of five different inbred strains ofMus musculus reared in the same environment, indicating heritable differences in level of nesting byMus. For two separate crosses, hybrid animals built larger nests than did animals of the inbred parental strains. In addition, from data of one of the crosses and derived generations, a very low heritability of nesting but substantial dominance variance were found. This pattern of results is expected of characters which have been the target of natural selection. MaleMus were found to build larger nests than females of all groups tested. These findings suggest that nesting byMus musculus represents required thermoregulatory behavior.