Hungarian Sample Research Articles

A cross-sectional study on the quality of life in migraine and medication overuse headache in a Hungarian sample: understanding the effect of headache characteristics.

Previous studies using generic and disease specific instruments showed that both migraine and medication overuse headache are associated with lower health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The aim of our study was to assess HRQoL differences in migraineurs and in patients with MOH and to examine how headache characteristics such as years with headache, aura symptoms, triptan use, headache pain severity and headache frequency are related to HRQoL. In this cross-sectional study 334 participants were examined (248 were recruited from a tertiary headache centre and 86 via advertisements). The Comp-rehensive Headache-related Quality of life Questionnaire (CHQQ) was used to measure the participants' HRQoL. Data showed normal distribution, therefore beside Chi-squared test parametric tests (e.g. independent samples t-test) were used with a two-tailed p<0.05 threshold. Linear regression models were used to determine the independent effects of sex, age, recruitment method, headache type (migraine vs. MOH) and headache characteristics (presence of aura symptoms, years with headache, headache pain severity, headache frequency and triptan use) separately for each domain and for the total score of CHQQ. Significance threshold was adopted to p0.0125 (0.05/4) to correct for multiple testing and avoid Type I error. Independent samples t-tests showed that patients with MOH had significantly lower scores on all CHQQ domains than migraineurs, except on the social subscale. Results of a series of regression analyses showed that triptan use was inversely related to all the domains of HRQoL after correction for multiple testing (p<0.0125). In addition, headache pain severity was associated with lower physical (p=0.001) and total scores (p=0.002) on CHQQ subscales. Based on the results, different headache characteristics (but not the headache type, namely migraine or MOH) were associated with lower levels of HRQoL in patients with headache. Determining which factors play significant role in the deterioration of HRQoL is important to adequately manage different patient populations and to guide public health policies regarding health service utilization and health-care costs.

Factor analysis of the personality dimensions of sales associates in the finance and insurance sector

The aim of the present study is to ascertain the factors of a sample containing 1000 people from the finance and insurance sector via the shortened version of the California Psychological Inventory probing the respective personality dimensions. The additional objectives include the comparison of previously identified results and factors obtained on a standardised Hungarian sample. In light of the above, I forward the following hypothesis H1): The number and content of the factors explored by the S-CPI (principal component analysis) on the present sample significantly differs from that of the number and content of factors identified and arrived at during the 1985 standardisation process, mainly due to the impact of the following dimensions: Sociability, Social presence, Dominance, and Self-Control. The practical application of the respective research results indicates a difference between the personality of the average Hungarian citizen and that of the average sales associates in the given sectors.

Functions of nonsuicidal self-injury in a Hungarian community adolescent sample: a psychometric investigation

BackgroundThe Inventory of Statements About Self-Injury (ISAS) is a psychometrically valid tool to evaluate the motives of nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), but there are a few studies that test gender differences in the factor structure of the measurement. However, several differences across gender were identified in NSSI (e.g., in prevalence, methods, functions). Therefore, our study focused on further analyses of the dimensionality of the ISAS functions.MethodsAmong Hungarian adolescents with a history of NSSI (N = 418; 70.6% girls; mean age was 16.86, SD = 1.45), confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modeling frameworks were used to test the factor structure of the ISAS part II.ResultsResults support the two-factor structure of the questionnaire. Intrapersonal and interpersonal motivation factors emerged in the whole sample, but this factor structure varied across gender. Among girls, intrapersonal motivation of NSSI was associated with higher loneliness, more inflexible emotion regulation, and a more pronounced level of internalizing and externalizing mental illness symptoms.ConclusionsOur findings provide sufficiently solid arguments for the need to examine NSSI functionality separately for adolescent girls and boys because there were clear gender differences in the motives underlying NSSI. In addition, precise scanning of patterns of NSSI functions may further help us to identify the most at-risk adolescents regarding self-injury.

Why Hungarians Have Sex (YSEX?-HSF)

Using the same methodology as Meston and Buss (2007), three studies were conducted on a Hungarian sample (total N = 4913) which corroborate previous findings on the universal diversity of sexual motivation. Study 1 (N = 2728; 1069 women and 1659 men) identified 197 reasons for having sex based on participants’ free responses. In Study 2 (N = 1161; 820 women and 341 men), participants indicated the extent to which each of the 197 reasons had led them to have sexual intercourse. Factor analyses yielded three factors and 24 subfactors. This differed from the original YSEX? four-factor questionnaire. In Study 3 (N = 1024; 578 women and 446 men), a reliable and valid 73-item short form version of the YSEX? questionnaire was developed in a Hungarian sample (YSEX?-HSF). In addition to similarities and differences in the factor structure, we found important links between reasons for having sex and age, gender, personality, and mating strategy. For example, number of reasons for having sex tended be higher in younger compared to older participants. Men exceeded women on having sex for novelty-seeking and infidelity opportunities, whereas women exceeded men on having sex for relationship commitment and mate retention. Extraversion and neuroticism were linked with reasons for having sex, and those who pursued a short-term mating strategy reported having sex for a larger variety of reasons.

Childhood traumatization and dissociative experiences among maladaptive and normal daydreamers in a Hungarian sample

The aim of the study was to identify some potential etiological segments of maladaptive daydreaming, especially the relationships between maladaptive daydreaming, childhood traumatization, and dissociative propensity. The questionnaire package included the Hungarian version of the Maladaptive Daydreaming Scale, the Traumatic Antecedents Questionnaire, as well as the Dissociation Questionnaire. 717 participants were recruited online, 106 of whom were problematic daydreamers. The results revealed that certain types of childhood trauma occurred significantly more frequently in the group of maladaptive daydreamers. Furthermore, maladaptive daydreamers possessed a significantly higher level of dissociative propensity compared to normal daydreamers. The estimated SEM models showed that dissociative experiences - more precisely Identity confusion and fragmentation and Lack of control – mediated the relationship between certain childhood traumatic experiences and maladaptive daydreaming. The results suggest that we should consider childhood traumatization and increased dissociative propensity as potentially significant factors in the etiology of maladaptive daydreaming.

Hungarian version of the Family Relationship Questionnaire (FRQ)

The purpose of this paper is to examine the validity of the Family Relationship Questionnaire (FRQ) in Hungary. The FRQ was filled out together with the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) by 1017 healthy Hungarian people. The original factor structure of the FRQ did not fit well in the Hungarian sample, but with some modifications – based on modification indices – adequate fit indices could arise. The FRQ scales showed significant relations (moderate to high) with the PBI which confirmed the convergent validity of the scales. Four of the FRQ scale turned to be cross-culturally valid scales. The reliability and validity of Dominance scale in Western cultures should further be examined.

Gender Differences in Mother-Child Conversations About Shame and Pride in a Hungarian Sample.

Although meta-analytic reviews repeatedly found significant gender differences in the experiences of shame and pride throughout the life span, to date, gender differences in conversations about these emotions have not been studied. Our research was aimed at investigating the effect of child gender on maternal conversational style in and emotional content of mother-child conversations about shame- and pride-related past events in preschool years. Fifty four mother—preschool child dyads (52% girls, children’s age M = 70.36 months [SD = 8.13], mothers’ age M = 37.51 years [SD = 3.70]) from middle class Hungarian families were asked to talk about two past events, one in which children felt ashamed, and one in which they felt proud. The conversations were transcribed and coded for maternal conversational style and for emotional content. Maternal conversational style was indicated by maternal elaboration and evaluation of the child’s contributions. Emotional content was indicated by specific emotion terms, emotional behavior and emotional evaluations. In mother-son shame conversations, we found higher amount of negative emotional behavior. Boys also had longer conversations with their mothers, and mothers used more open-ended memory questions and more repetitions with boys in both shame and pride conversations. Girls had shorter contributions to pride stories than to shame stories, which was not the case for boys. Exploration of verbal socialization of shame and pride helps us to understand the development of individual differences in proneness to self-conscious emotions, and their implications for mental health.

Using a creativity test standardized on a Hungarian sample to identify high creative abilities of socially disadvantaged students

Although there is no consensus about the nature of the connection between creativity and divergent thinking, divergent thinking is an important indicator of creative abilities. Creativity is an important characteristic of the diversity of giftedness that contains general and domain specific manifestations. The MONDALK Test measuring divergent thinking was developed in Hungary utilizing and furthering the principles of Wallach–Kogan Creativity Tests (WKCT) and standardized on a representative sample of 1219 students aged 7-18. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis show that the A and B versions of the three subtests of the test measure a unified construct of the related visual, linguistic and productivity focused domains that also differ in domain-specific characteristics. In gifted identification, test bias against socially disadvantaged students and students at the risk of school dropout can only be eliminated if we use an 80th percentile cut-off point of originality and quality of originality measures instead of the usual 90th percentile cut-off point.

Parents' Views on Play and the Goal of Early Childhood Education in Relation to Children's Home Activity and Executive Functions: A Cross-Cultural Investigation.

The present study investigated the cross-cultural variations in parents' views on the role of play in child development and the primary purpose of preschool education from Ethiopia and Hungary. It also examined the cross-cultural variations in preschoolers' executive functions (EF), the frequency of their engagement in home activities, and the role of these activities in the development of EF skills. Participants included 266 preschoolers (Ethiopia: 139 of which 44.6% boys; Mage = 63.83 months; SD = 7.68 months; Hungary: 127 of which 48% boys; Mage = 62.06 months; SD = 9.37 months) with their parents (Ethiopia: 45.32% male; Mage = 36.66 years; SD = 7.14 years; Hungary: 13.18% male; Mage = 37.71 years; SD = 5.97 years). The independent samples t-test showed that Ethiopian parents view fostering academic skills for preschooler significantly more important than their Hungarian counterparts do. We also found that while Ethiopian parents hold the belief that academic and cognitive development is the major purpose of preschool education, Hungarian prioritize social-emotional development and entertainment. Additionally, preschoolers in Ethiopia were reported to engage in academic and arts and crafts activities after preschool significantly more frequently than their Hungarian counterparts. On the contrary, preschoolers in Hungary were found to engage in fine-motor activities, solitary play, sports and other physical activities significantly more frequently than their Ethiopian counterparts. No significant differences were found in EF skills between preschoolers from Ethiopia and Hungary. Results from hierarchical regression analyses showed that, after accounting for age and SES, preschoolers' frequency of pretend play and their parents' play support beliefs were found to be small to medium-sized predictors of inhibitory control skills in both samples. However, children's frequency of having breakfast at home was another significant predictor in the Ethiopian sample only. The frequency of participation in arts and crafts and other fine-motor activities were found to be important predictors of preschoolers' visual-spatial working memory skills in the Ethiopian and the Hungarian samples, respectively. We also found that, after controlling for SES, parental play support was an important factor associated with preschoolers' shifting skills only in the Hungarian sample. Based on the findings, we made important conclusions.

Health utility measurement by time trade-off method in Hungary

Time trade-off (TTO) is a widely used method to assess health-related quality of life and health utilities for economic evaluations of health technologies. Little is known about the use of TTO in the Hungarian context. To systematically summarize the existing literature on the method in Hungary. In January 2020, we conducted a systematic literature search in three electronic databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science and the Hungarian Periodicals Table of Contents Database). Our inclusion criteria were: (1) original publications, which (2) measured utilities by using TTO, (3) from a Hungarian sample. Nine publications containing seven original studies were included that reported utilities for 23 different health states in seven chronic diseases (age-related macular degeneration, chronic migraine, Crohn's disease, pemphigus, primary dysmenorrhoea, psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis). Sample sizes ranged from 108 to 1996 respondents. Two studies used general population samples, another two used patient groups and three studies used both. Six studies used a form of conventional TTO and one used composite TTO method. The most frequent timeframe was 10 years (71%). The lowest mean utility was 0.34 (uncontrolled pemphigus vulgaris), while the highest was 0.94 (mild primary dysmenorrhoea). The overall proportion of non-traders ranged between 0 and 29% across studies. A growing number of studies are using TTO to assess utilities for chronic conditions from the general population or patients in Hungary. The majority of Hungarian TTO studies have met international quality standards. The assessment of TTO utilities is recommended also in other chronic conditions to assist health technology assessment. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(14): 542-554.

The effects of subclinical ADHD symptomatology on the subjective financial, physical, and mental well-being of entrepreneurs and employees

Results on the relationship between ADHD and entrepreneurial success are conflicting and several aspects of entrepreneurial success, especially on the personal level, have not been studied. By using a randomly selected Hungarian sample, the study examines the effects of subclinical ADHD symptomatology on the subjective quality-of-life outcomes in employment and entrepreneurship. The results indicate that subclinical ADHD impairs only entrepreneurs’ subjective income and harms entrepreneurs’ health perception to a larger extent than that of employees. Yet, the negative effects of ADHD symptomatology on life satisfaction are rather felt among employees. We argue that these results reflect a relatively good fit between entrepreneurship and subclinical ADHD symptomatology on the needs-supplies dimension but not on the demands-abilities dimension.

Affective Temperaments, Panic Disorder and Their Bipolar Connections.

Background and Objectives: The role of affective temperament in the genesis and outcome of major mood disorders is well studied, but there are only a few reports on the relationship between panic disorder (PD) and affective temperaments. Accordingly, we aimed to study the distribution of affective temperaments (depressive (DE); cyclothymic (CT); irritable (IRR); hyperthymic (HT) and anxious (ANX)) among outpatients with PD. Materials and Methods: Affective temperaments of 118 PD outpatients (80 females and 38 males) with or without agoraphobia but without any other psychiatric disorder at the time of inclusion were evaluated using the Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A) and compared with the affective temperament scores of control subjects. All patients were followed up for at least 1.5 years in order to detect the onset of any major affective disorders, substance use disorders and suicide attempts. Results: Among females, the dominant ANX and DE temperaments were four and three times as common as in a large normative Hungarian sample (for both cases p < 0.01). Among male PD patients, only the dominant DE temperament was slightly overrepresented in a non-significant manner. Females with PD obtained significantly higher scores on ANX, DE and CT subscales of the TEMPS-A, whereas males with PD showed significantly higher scores on ANX, DE and HT temperament subscales compared with the members of a large normative Hungarian sample and also with a gender- and age-matched control group. During the follow-up, newly developed unipolar major depression and bipolar spectrum (bipolar I or II and cyclothymic) disorders appeared in 64% and 22% of subjects, respectively. Conclusions: Our preliminary findings suggest that a specific, ANX-DE-CT affective temperament profile is characteristic primarily for female patients, and an ANX-DE-HT affective temperament profile is characteristic for male patients with PD, respectively. These findings are in line with expectations because PD is an anxiety disorder par excellence on the one hand, whereas, on the other hand, it is quite frequently comorbid with mood (including bipolar) disorders.

Sex and Relationship Differences on the Short Love Attitude Scale: Insights from the Hungarian Adaptation

Love styles are attitudes towards romantic relationships that are related to sexual motivation, sociosexuality, mate value, and relationship status. In the present study, the Short Love Attitude Scale (LAS-SF) was adapted to Hungarian, and the original factor structure was replicated with a Hungarian sample of 800 participants (439 females, mean age = 38.6 years). The results show that the Hungarian LAS-SF is a reliable and valid measure, which enables cross-cultural comparisons. Differences in love styles were revealed across sexes and relationship statuses. All men except singles scored relatively high on Eros, while the highest Eros scores among women were obtained for those in a committed relationship. Women and men preferred the same strategy (Ludus) to achieve short-term relationship goals.

Hungarian validation of the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire-Is the short form more adequate?

ObjectiveWe aim to provide a publicly available Hungarian version of the BPAQ; compare the BPAQ factors to other personality traits; and compare both the original BPAQ factor structure provided by Buss and Perry (J. Pers. Soc. Psychol., 63, 1992, 452), the revised BPAQ‐SF factor structure by Bryant and Smith (J. Res. Pers., 35, 2001, 138), and the BAQ by Webster et al. (Aggress. Behav., 40, 2014, 120).MethodsThe validation of the Hungarian version of the BPAQ was carried out on a Hungarian university sample (N = 841). There were three main focuses of data analysis: descriptive statistics, correlations, and confirmatory factor analyses.ResultsCFA‐related statistics showed an adequate fit for the BPAQ 4 factors; however, contrary to prior validations of BPAQ, we were not able to clearly define the verbal aggression factor. We found that the shorter form of the BPAQ has a better model fit on our sample than the original form, while the model fit of the BAQ was in‐between these. BPAQ scales showed low to moderate relationship with the Barratt Impulsivity Scale and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.ConclusionBoth the BPAQ and the BPAQ‐SF, also the BAQ provide acceptable model fitting on a Hungarian sample of university students. While most of BPAQ items provided adequate loadings on their hypothesized factors, two items (21 and 27) did not. We argue this is the result of conceptual inaccuracy of the original items.

PMS46 New HIP-Worn Accelerometer in Testing Hungarian Population's Physical Activity Patterns, RM42 in the Eupasmos Project

The RM42 is a triaxial hip-worn accelerometer, suitable to measure physical activity (PA) level, movements, sitting time and sleeping quality. We aimed to test the tool on Hungarian sample and present the preliminary data of the EUPASMOS project. The study comprised 546 participating adults (228 males and 318 females), during February-May 2019 using quota sampling by age and gender representing the Hungarian adult population. PA was measured by RM 42 for 7 consecutive days. Data were presented as median (IQR), using SPSS 24, where level of significance was set at p<0.05. Mann-Whitney U Test and Kruskal Wallis Test were used. Females took 5926 (4808-7506), males 6869 (4760-10067) steps daily. Respondents spent 8.33 to 8.50 hours [M 500.00 (432.25-555.00), F 510.00 (440.00-598.50) min/day] sedentary per day, 10.50 to 12.25 hours [F 630 (420-903), M 735 (599-1130) min/week] with standing and 5.25-7.58 hours [M 315 (210-432), F 455 (147-588) min/week] with moderate PA (MPA) per week. Light PA was more characteristic with 28 weekly hours [F 1673 (1480-1960), M 1663 (1437-1901) min/week]. Vigorous PA (VPA) could be only described in the 18-35 male [7.00; (0.00-36.75) min/week] and 35-49 female [14.00; (0.00-49.00) min/week] age group. Significant gender difference was found between steps and sitting (p=0.022, p=0.033 respectively). The level of LPA, MVPA and VPA and the number of steps as well significantly decreased with age (p=0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001 respectively). The first Hungarian examination using RM42 could be considered successful. More accurate description on light PA could be given. Low level of VPA can be explained by the lack of sport, which requires interventions. However, a population-based representative study is needed to confirm this assumption.

Reverse Logistics Tasks Tested with Path Models Based on Data of Companies Operating in Hungary

Abstract Our research in progress is aimed at discovering how sustainable development and reverse logistics appear in the practice of companies in Hungary. Our goal is to develop an analysis framework and test it on a Hungarian sample that examines the relationship between the elements of the reverse logistics system and logistics practices. This was tested on the available sample. In the course of observing the supply chains, we intend to focus on trends of sustainable development, with an outlook on the international practice. We pay special attention to the reverse logistics aspects of company practice, presenting the logistical processes according to the environmental challenges. The background of our analyses consists of processing the literature and conducting primer assessment.

Crop Productivity and Climatic Conditions: Evidence from Hungary

Hungarian agriculture is expected to experience greater risks due to more variability in crop productivity due to increasing yearly average temperatures and extreme precipitation patterns. This study investigates the effect of changing climatic conditions on productivity, using a Hungarian sample of crop producers for a 12-year time period. Our empirical analysis employs True Fixed Effects frontier models of Farm Accountancy Data Network data that are merged with specific meteorological data representatively maintained for seeding, vegetative, and generative periods for cereals, oil seed and protein crops, along with soil quality and usage-related data. Estimations indicate that climate variables have significant impacts on technical efficiency. In addition, calculation suggest that an increase in temperature during seeding and vegetative periods, combined with higher precipitation levels in May and June, will reduce crop farmers’ production frontier. Estimations explain the variance, while the technical efficiency (TE) scores emphasize the impact of the difference in soil quality and its water absorption capacity.

The Dynamics of Interethnic Friendships and Negative Ties in Secondary School: The Role of Peer-Perceived Ethnicity

This study examines ethnic integration in secondary school. Social identity theory suggests that perception of relevant individual attributes plays a crucial role in defining ingroups and outgroups, contributing to befriending, and disliking others. Therefore, we analyze the role of peer-perceived ethnicity in social ties. Networks of friendship, dislike, and perceived ethnicity were modeled together using dynamic stochastic actor-oriented models, separating the effect of perceived ethnicity on social ties from that of social ties on perceived ethnicity. Data came from a Hungarian sample of 12 school classes with one minority group: the Roma. Treating friendship and dislike as mutually exclusive and comparing them to neutral relations, we found evidence for the role of perceived ethnicity in dislike—majority students disliked those they perceived as minority peers. However, we saw no direct effect of ethnicity on the friendship network. Implications of the joint modeling of mutually exclusive relationship aspects are discussed.

Gratitude and social support mediate the association between mindfulness and mood: A cross-cultural replication study.

Swickert and colleagues surveyed young adults in the United States and found that gratitude and social support mediated the association between mindfulness and mood (both positive and negative affect). This study attempted to replicate Swickert et al.'s mediational findings using a young adult Hungarian sample. Results indicated that with one exception, the mediational findings were replicated. The exception was that for the Hungarians, gratitude did not mediate the association between mindfulness and negative affect. Overall, these findings indicate that the mediational effects of gratitude and social support are quite similar for individuals living in the United States and Hungary.

Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery among Hungarian Women in a Global Context: the Hungarian Version of the Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale (ACSS)

In recent years, the popularity of surgical cosmetic procedures has dramatically increased in the Western world. The Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Scale (ACSS) provides a measure of psychological acceptance of cosmetic surgery. The original instrument (ACSS) contains three subscales (Interpersonal, Social, and Consider). Since its publication, the ACSS has been adapted for many languages. The primary objective of the present study was to develop the Hungarian version of the ACSS. Furthermore, focus was laid on whether the original factor structure could be replicated with a Hungarian sample despite expectable cultural differences from other national samples. To obtain cross-culturally comparable data, the same scales were used for psychometric analysis as those used in the development of the original ACSS and its various national versions. The Hungarian sample included 482 female participants aged between 18 and 68 years (M = 29.02, SD = 10.71), who completed a questionnaire battery. Validity of the Hungarian version was tested with the following measures: the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), the Body Appreciation Scale (BAS), and the Photographic Figure Rating Scale (PFRS) developed for women. The results show that the obtained Hungarian version of the ACSS is a reliable and valid measure, which enables researchers in the field to study Hungarian samples. Furthermore, the factor structure of the Hungarian scale is identical with that of the original ACSS, which enables reliable cross-cultural comparisons. For these reasons, the authors expect that the Hungarian ACSS will stimulate more in-depth quantitative research on attitudes towards cosmetic surgery within the Hungarian context, and it will also contribute to a better understanding of acceptance of cosmetic surgery from a cross-cultural perspective.