Hungarian Perspective Research Articles

The National Interest in EU Law and Governance: The Hungarian Perspective

The national interest in EU law and governance: the Hungarian perspective - findings of the mutual learning experiments (MLEs) conducted by the Lendulet-HPOPs Research Group. The MLEs were conducted with two purposes in mind. Firstly, we aimed to collect insights from officials working in the Hungarian and the European Union administration at the expert level concerning how they understand the national interest in the policy development and decision making processes in which they participate. Secondly, we wanted to share with them different interpretations and perspectives of formulating and representing the national interest/national position in the EU political and legal context, as they follow from academic work. The MLEs were not conducted as formal research interviews and their results are not used directly in our research.

This child here won't shed tears of dreadful fright, 'cause he's not caught by devil's might. Change and Stability of Charms against Fright illness: a Hungarian Perspective

This child here won't shed tears of dreadful fright, 'cause he's not caught by devil's might. Change and Stability of Charms against Fright illness: a Hungarian Perspective

The Development of Freedom of the Media in a Newborn Democracy: The Hungarian Perspective

(2010). The Development of Freedom of the Media in a Newborn Democracy: The Hungarian Perspective. Journal of Media Law: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 25-41.

Motivation, Language Attitudes and Globalisation: A Hungarian Perspective by DÖRNYEI, ZOLTÁN, KATA CSIZÉR, & NÓRA NÉMETH

<i>Motivation, Language Attitudes and Globalisation: A Hungarian Perspective</i> by DÖRNYEI, ZOLTÁN, KATA CSIZÉR, &amp; NÓRA NÉMETH

Caring for Dry Tears: Postpartum Depression Hungarian Perspective

Caring for Dry Tears: Postpartum Depression Hungarian Perspective

From molecular interactions to tissue organization—Diversity of evolving cytometric approaches from a Hungarian perspective

From molecular interactions to tissue organization—Diversity of evolving cytometric approaches from a Hungarian perspective

Introductory Remarks for theContemporary Economic PolicySpecial Section on “Monetary Policy Issues of New EU-Member and Candidate Countries”

The articles contained in this special section are substantially revised and updated versions of papers, which were originally presented at the Annual Conference of the Western Economic Association in Vancouver in 2004. They are written by central bank economists and deal with important theoretical and policy issues from the point of view of two new European Union (EU) member states (NMSs), the Czech Republic and Hungary, as well as a EU candidate country, Croatia. The insights gained by policy makers in these countries can translate into policy recommendations for other countries. As a consequence, these articles are of interest to a much broader audience. According to the EU Accession Treaty, all the NMSs are required to adopt the euro at some stage. However, the timing of the adoption of the euro is conditional on the fulfillment the Maastricht Convergence Criteria. Hence, while there is a presumption regarding the euro conversion date that is contained in government programs, there remains some uncertainty regarding that date. Furthermore, within the constraints of the EU Treaty requirement of stability-oriented monetary policies, EU member countries that have not yet adopted the euro have some degree of freedom regarding the monetary policy strategy in the period up to the introduction of the euro. Finally, historical legacies such as a high degree of dollarization have an important impact on monetary policy at the present stage. Csajbok and Rezessy (C & R) deal with the first of the issues noted above from a Hungarian (financial market) perspective. Using an uncovered interest rate parity framework, the authors study the potential impact of a shift in market expectations regarding a country's euro area entry date on long-term yields and the spot exchange rate. By comparing implied forward interest rates, which are obtained from zero-coupon yield curves and the euro area, C & R are able to deduce the markets expectations for Hungary's euro conversion date. They conclude that an outward revision of the presumed euro conversion date, say, due to weaker economic fundamentals, such as higher budget deficits, or a decline in the credibility of the convergence process in general will immediately be reflected in the long-term yields and in a depreciation of the exchange rate. As a tentative policy conclusion it emerges that the NMSs should only join the exchange rate mechanism II (ERM II) once a credible (Maastricht) convergence process is on track and the presumed euro adoption date is credible. While seven of the 10 NMSs already decided to enter the ERM II, which is a requirement for the eventual adoption of the euro under the Maastricht Economic Convergence Criteria, the remaining three NMSs (Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland), for the time being, opted for a floating exchange rate regime, anchored by inflation targeting, relying on an inflation target that is at or near the price stability definition of the European System of Central Banks (below but close to 2 percent). …

Pest Control: from Chemical Ecology to Evolution. A Hungarian Perspective

In course of 30 year studies, female-produced sex pheromones were evidenced in behavioural studies, isolated, and chemically identified in cooperations with organic chemical laboratories, for a few dozens of lepidopterous species. Related sex attractants were established by means of field trappings for further dozens of species. Based on these results, the role of sex pheromones in maintaining reproductive isolation between taxonomically closely related, sympatric species, as well as the chemotaxonomical value of sex attractants in higher taxa of Lepidoptera are discussed. As a result of our studies on Elateridae (Coleoptera) we developed and optimized pheromone baits and traps for catching males of all important pest Agriotes click beetles in Central and Western Europe. The most effective pheromone combinations for each species were tested in a Europe-wide comparative effort, giving information on the probable importance of the respective species in the respective area. In Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera) we discovered sex attractants for 3 species of the genus Anomala, and floral attractants for 4 species of the subfamily Cetoniinae, all orchard pests damaging fruits or flowers. Traps were developed for these scarabs taking into consideration the optimal visual and chemical cues for each respective species. The trap and bait combinations show preliminary evidence that their use for direct control through mass trapping is possible. Among chrysomelid beetles, new trap types were developed for the western corn rootworm Diabrotica v. virgifera. These trap types are widely used in Europe for the detection and monitoring of the pest. Most recent results concern the relationships between host-plant related and pheromonal communication in flea beetles (Phyllotreta spp.).

What Convergence between What Geographies in Europe? A Hungarian Perspective

In studying different understandings of the changing geography of Europe from the perspective of a ‘transition country’, namely Hungary, this paper seeks to expand on the following argument. During the 50-year period of state socialism, the study of geography in Hungary never approximated that in advanced capitalist Europe as closely as it does now. However, if such approximation is to be termed ‘convergence’, then it is, at best, ‘uneven convergence’. Three manifestations of the one-sidedness and or partiality of convergence are presented.

More than `Anglo-American', it is `Western': hegemony in geography from a Hungarian perspective

The paper assesses the inequalities of the production of geographical knowledge mainly against the backdrop of the East–West relations, which still dominate Hungarian practice. However, it also offers examples of Anglo-American hegemony making itself felt more acutely; or of Hungarian geographers, at the receiving end of these dimensions of hegemony, producing hegemony in a different system of relations. Investigating the political economic power relations underlying this hegemony and the social agents involved in `hegemony-producing' helps establish potential strategies of putting an end to the inequalities of academic knowledge production. Some possibilities of these strategies are outlined.

Parent/teacher views of developmentally appropriate practices: A Hungarian perspective

The purpose of the study was to explore the beliefs of Hungarian teachers and parents of children in preschool and Grade 1 as they relate to the construct of developmentally appropriate practices (DAP) identified by the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC, 1987, 1997). In order to overcome methodological problems inherent in many previous DAP studies, Q-methodology and interviews were utilized to collect, analyze and interpret the data. Fourteen teachers and 14 parents were included in the Q-methodology (7 teachers and 7 parents in each grade level). Follow-up interviews were conducted with 6 participants. Results of the study suggest three major viewpoints regarding DAP beliefs of the Hungarian participants. These included: (1) focusing on children’s individual development and learning, (2) focusing on teaching children according to the traditional teaching methods, and (3) focusing on respecting diversity in schools, in children, and in families. Recommendations for further research included: (1) teacher observations in addition to interviews, (2) exploring administrators’ views of DAP along with that of teachers and parents, and (3) extending the study into higher grade levels.

Police Challenges: A Hungarian Perspective

With examples from Hungary, this paper describes how police researchers and police practitioners may differ on their perspectives in regard to challenges of fear of crime, criminal violence, drugs and drug-related crimes, and the like. The authors conclude that greater collaboration between police researchers and practitioners is needed. The paper also contains a brief account of the different aspects of the police in Hungary.

Ideas for Developing Students’ Reasoning: A Hungarian Perspective

As the end of the twentieth century approaches, we start to realize again the significance of proof in mathematics education. The NCTM's Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics (1989) cautions against the tendency to completely abandon proofs and focus only on the end results and formulas. In this article, we reemphasize the importance of proofs in teaching by sharing some of our experiences as students and teachers in Hungary, in addition to our experiences as graduate teaching assistants at an American university. We offer examples and ideas that might help educators develop students' mathematical reasoning skills.

The ecumenical movement and its relations with ‘Eastern Europe’: A Hungarian perspective*

I want to talk about the ecumenical contacts of a Central European church, namely Hungary's Reformed Church, during the period of East-West conflict. This is a broad topic, which is why it is especially important to clarify what is relevant here and what is not. Over the years there have been cross-border contacts involving individuals, basis groups and parishes; the activities of church leaders in various international organisations; academic contacts between theological training institutions; foreign scholarships; bilateral contacts with those of the same confession; dialogue with other confessions; diaconal cooperation; financial help; Bible schools; the list goes on. Contacts and activities of this kind were already happening in great variety before the Second World War; those involved were individually responsible. Hungarian Protestants already had a very strong interest in the outside world for the reason that bridge-building over the heads of the Catholic Habsburgs had often been essential for survival. After 1948 (the year of the communist takeover and the banning of civic groups) these many different contacts and activities consistently came up against restrictions determined by the policy of the ruling party. Whatever did not fit in with this policy was soon stopped or brought into line. Many 'small' examples allow one to follow slight changes of course in this policy, for example changes in the number of scholarships abroad the churches were allowed to accept. Not everything could be controlled, of course. However, I would like to focus on areas which were particularly well supervised by the state, because for a whole variety of reasons the political, economic and ideological polarisation of Europe was an important element in the strategy of those who maintained these contacts. (The end of the totalitarian system has presented a particular challenge to these contacts both as far as their history over the past few decades and their possible transformation in the future are concerned.) How did the above-mentioned restrictions manifest themselves in the totalitarian state? After the outbreak of the Cold War (which incidentally was in the very year the World Council of Churches was founded) there was a large-scale reassessment by western public opinion of the political leaderships in the eastern-bloc countries. For the one-party state this state of affairs provided a battlefield for propaganda. Here there was a role only for those who fulfilled a propaganda function. The players were

Money-Laundering - Organized Crime: The Hungarian Perspective

Money-Laundering - Organized Crime: The Hungarian Perspective

Divert or Preserve the Danube? Answers in Concrete’– a Hungarian Perspective on the Gabcikovo‐Nagymaros Dam Dispute

Divert or Preserve the Danube? Answers in Concrete’– a Hungarian Perspective on the Gabcikovo‐Nagymaros Dam Dispute

From central control to a market economy — the Hungarian perspective

From central control to a market economy — the Hungarian perspective

Hungarian Perspective on the Protection of Transboundary Rivers

Hungarian Perspective on the Protection of Transboundary Rivers

Developing a market oriented economy: A Hungarian perspective

Developing a market-oriented economy from a previously planned one is an event that is occurring in numerous areas. This transformation in a Hungarian context is best viewed in terms of the preceding historical events. The basis for the events of the transition can be found in pre-1982 activities as well as the government decrees of 1982 and the major stages of development of private enterprise from 1982–90.

Stabilization and convertibility in the transition: the legacies of the twin deficits

To characterize the macroeconomic disequilibrium in a typical European transforming country we construct a simple one-sector open macroeconomic model with restrictions on capital account transactions. Using this model we analyse the medium-term effects of the transformation, with special reference to the implications of foreign direct investment on the real exchange rate and the possible incompatibility of trade liberalization and economic stabilization. In the model, we follow the absorption approach in characterizing external transactions and assume that inward foreign direct investment is the only allowable private capital account item. Two crucial aspects of the transformation from the Hungarian perspective, i.e. foreign direct investment and the legacy of foreign debt, are highlighted.