Indicators Of Humoral Immunity Research Articles

Algorithm for assessing the level of T cell immune response against SARS-CoV-2 and the results of its application in unvaccinated and vaccinated people who have been infected with COVID-19

Antigen (AG)-specific T cell activity was compared in two groups of patients: those who underwent COVID-19 in 2021 during the circulation of the SARS-CoV-2 delta virus strain (43 individuals); and those who underwent COVID-19 in 2022 (Omicron strain, 23 individuals). The diagnosis was confirmed by PCR analysis of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs. The 23 individuals following COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 (omicron) were part of a cohort of 41 volunteers who were examined multiple times during 2021–2023: during vaccination, after vaccination, before revaccination, and subsequently after illness (6–8 times in total). Due to this, it was possible to compare the indices of specific humoral and cellular immunity in the same patients 1–2 months before and after breakthrough infection. Detection of AG-specific T cells and assessment of their activity by AG-stimulated IFNγ production was carried out by our own previously developed method (Patent RU № 2780369 C1). For stimulation of memory T effectors in vitro, the same antigens were used to determine the concentration of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 by ELISA method. A total of about 300 blood samples from healthy subjects and patients after COVID-19 were analyzed. Each sample was tested against 3 SARS-CoV-2 antigens and in 2 stimulation modes. A qualitative assessment algorithm for AG-specific T cell activity has been proposed that can be used to monitor the state of cellular immunity in a population in which SARS-CoV-2 virus continues to circulate and to create insights into what level of T cell activation is sufficient to prevent or reduce the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Unvaccinated COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2, Delta) survivors lacked AG-specific T cells to RBD SARS-CoV-2, but T cell specificity to full-length S glycoprotein at the same level, qualitatively assessed as low in 52% of the group, persisted for up to six months. In previously unvaccinated COVID-19 vaccinees, this duration of persistence of AG-specific T cells in circulating blood was achieved only after revaccination. Hybrid immunity, which we traced as a result of vaccination after COVID-19 (Delta strain) or as a breakthrough infection (SARS-CoV-2, Omicron), is characterized by the highest indices of memory T cell activity (43–46% of the group — normal activity of AG-specific cells, 30–43% — high activity) to all used antigens and the longest duration of preservation of indices at this level. Further investigation of the level of antiviral immunity after COVID-19 may be important for predicting the outcome of new waves of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

#860 The role of immunocorrection in the treatment of patients chronic pyelonephritis

Abstract Background and Aims Chronic pyelonephritis in the structure of extragenital pathology in pregnant women occupies a leading place due to the high prevalence, complicated course of pregnancy and childbirth. Chronic pyelonephritis (CP) triggers a cascade of reactions, primarily immune, at the systemic and local levels. With HP the role of the immune system in pregnant women is not only a pathological process occurring in the kidneys, but also takes into account a number of changes in the restructuring of the immune system of a pregnant woman. In relation with the above, the study of the role of the immune system of pregnant women with chronic pyelonephritis is of great interest. To study the effectiveness of immunocorrective therapy in the complex treatment of patients with chronic pyelonephritis. Method 43 pregnant women with CP were examined, the average age was 28.3 ± 0.2 years. The study included clinical research methods (survey, questionnaire, objective examination). Of the laboratory methods a general analysis of blood, urine, urine analysis according to Nechiporenko, tank. urine culture, biochemical blood tests and instrumental (ultrasound) research methods. Cellular immunity was studied by monoclonal antibodies, humoral immunity was studied by Mancini immunodiffusion. Among the surveyed women, the first group of upp was pregnant women (n = 14) receiving traditional therapy. The second group of 13 pregnant women with CP on the background of traditional therapy received ozone therapy (basic treatment + 400 ml of saline solution ozonated to a concentration of ozone in a liquid of 4 mg/l, intravenously, drip). The third group of 15 pregnant women with CP - with traditional therapy received ozone therapy and immune-regulating therapy with polyoxidonium. Results The characterization of clinical and laboratory data on the background of therapy showed significant shifts, as lower back pain decreased by 85.71%, 92.31% and 93.33%, respectively, in both the first and second and third groups. Indicators such as dysuria decreased by 92.85%, 92% and 93% (respectively in the first, second and third groups). Leukocyturia decreased significantly on the fifth day by 71.43%, 84.62%, 86.67% (in the first, second and third groups, respectively). Results indicators of eradication of pathogens after treatment in combination with traditional therapy with ozone and immune-correcting therapy, they were significantly better than in the ozone therapy group against the background of traditional therapy and in the traditional treatment group (86.6%, 84.6% and 64.28%, respectively). As a result of the study, significant decreases in cellular immunity indicators, in particular CD3, CD4, were revealed before the treatment of patients and CD8 and revealed a significant increase in IgA, IgM. After the treatment in the treatment group in combination significant increases in the number of CD3, CD4 and CD8 were revealed by traditional therapy with ozone- and immune-regulating therapy (by 76.1%, 64.68% and 58.3%, respectively), compared with the group of women who received only ozone therapy against the background of traditional therapy and in the group of traditional treatment (66.23%, 59.54%, 54.2% and 61.12%, 54.68%, 51.4%, respectively), and normalization of immunoglobulins A was noted and M. Conclusion Along with the improvement of clinical and laboratory data in CP normalization of cellular and humoral immunity indicators was noted in pregnant women. Additional assignment to traditional therapy for chronic pyelonephritis of pregnant women, ozone therapy and therapy for correction of the immune system is a more effective treatment method.

Study of humoral and cellular immunity following the immunization of C57Bl/6 mice with a prototype of the inactivated Chikungunya vaccine

Introduction. Chikungunya virus infection is a problem for the health care system of affected regions due to the lack of specific prevention, as well as effective antiviral drugs. The critical role of cellular immunity in viral control and clearance for the Chikungunya fever has been demonstrated in many studies. Therefore, effective stimulation of not only humoral but also cellular immunity is of undeniable importance when assessing the effectiveness of a potential vaccine for the prevention of this infection. The aim of the present study was to investigate the formation of protective immunity after administration of a drug containing inactivated Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) to C57Bl/6 mice. Materials and methods. Inactivated CHIKV (concentrations of 10 μg and 40 μg) was administered intramuscularly to C57Bl/6 mice twice with an interval of 14 days. Indicators of humoral immunity were assessed by ELISA and neutralization test (NT), cellular immunity — by the production of IFN-γ and splenocyte proliferation in vitro. The concentration of cytokines IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70 and TNF was determined by ELISA. When assessing the protective immunity in animals, CHIKV was injected into the dorsal surface of the foot of the right hind paw at a dose of 2.89 ± 0.10 lg TCD50 in a volume of 20 μl. Results. The most pronounced immune response was noted to the administration of 40 μg of inactivated CHIKV, which was manifested in the balanced production of the studied cytokines, the formation of specific humoral (according to the results of ELISA and NT) and cellular — specific proliferation of splenocytes in vitro and production of IFN-γ. When assessing efficacy, the development of foot edema in immunized animals was significantly lower than in animals in the control group. Discussion. CHIKV, inactivated by beta-propiolactone, had pronounced immunogenic properties. The balance of production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as the Th1/Th2 immune response, characterized the formation of adaptive immunity in mice without a pronounced inflammatory response. The formation of a specific humoral and cellular immune response has been demonstrated. A study of protection in a non-lethal animal model confirmed the efficacy of the inactivated vaccine. Conclusion. Double administration of the inactivated CHIKV vaccine at a dose of 40 μg to C57Bl/6 mice demonstrated pronounced immunogenicity, which allows us to evaluate it as a promising prophylactic vaccine.

CORRELATIONS OF INDICATORS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM, CARBOHYDRATE AND LIPID METABOLISM IN DIABETIC RETINOPATHY IN PATIENTS WITH DECOMPENSATED DIABETES DIABETES

Introduction. Pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of diabetic retinopathy are related to the toxic effect of hyperglycemia on the development of oxidative stress with subsequent activation of stress-sensitive systems
 The aim of the study. To find out the presence of correlations in patients with diabetic retinopathy against the background of decompensated diabetes
 Research methods. A clinical and laboratory examination of 70 diabetic retinopathy patients with decompensated diabetes mellitus was carried out. In order to identify correlations, the coefficient of linear correlation |r| was determined between all studied indicators
 Results and discussion. The analysis of these correlations indicates the formation of a block of strong correlations of peripheral blood leukocytes (except lymphocytes) and natural killers with indicators of lipid metabolism and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
 Strong correlations of T-lymphocyte subpopulations with indicators of carbohydrate metabolism and non-atherogenic fraction of lipoproteins were revealed.
 In the analysis of the correlations of the B-link of immunity, a positive strong correlation of the relative content of B-lymphocytes (CD19+) with CIC (r = 0.96, p < 0.05) was revealed, which indicates the dependence of the occurrence of type III hypersensitivity reactions with indicators of humoral immunity.
 Probable positive correlations of pro-inflammatory cytokines with atherogenic fractions of lipids and glucose, negative correlation of TNF-α with the acute phase marker C-peptide were revealed
 Conclusions. When analyzing the correlations of the studied indicators in patients with decompensated diabetes, 13 probable strong positive and 9 probable strong negative correlations were established).
 The increase in the pro-inflammatory component is manifested in the correlations of peripheral blood leukocytes (except lymphocytes) and natural killers with indicators of lipid metabolism and pro-inflammatory cytokines, strong correlations of T-lymphocyte subpopulations with indicators of carbohydrate metabolism and the non-atherogenic fraction of lipoproteins, type III hypersensitivity reactions with indicators of humoral immunity , pro-inflammatory cytokines with atherogenic fractions of lipids and glucose, negative relationship of TNF-α with acute phase marker C-peptide

Periodic dynamic observation and analysis of cellular and humoral immunity indexes of adults infected with Omicron BA.1

Objective: To analyze the immunological characteristics and antibody changes of patients infected with the Omicron BA.1 and evaluate the possibility of secondary infection. Methods: A total of 104 patients infected with Omicron BA.1 in the Jinnan District of Tianjin from January 8 to February 2, 2022, were included in the study. The control group and case group were matched 1∶1 based on age, sex and vaccination status. Serum was collected from the case group and control group at 3, 6 and 9 months after infection. The serum levels of interleukin4 (IL-4), IL-5 and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), as well as the positive rates of IgG, IgG1 and IgG2, were detected by ELISA. Results: The highest concentration of IFN-γ in the case group at 6 months after infection was 145.4 pg/ml, followed by a decrease in concentration. The concentrations of IL-4 and IL-5 began to decrease at 6 months after infection (all P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the IgG2 positive rate between the case group and the control group at 6 months after BA.1 infection. However, at 9 months, there was a significant decrease compared to the control group (P=0.003). The ratio of IFN-γ/IL4 at 3 months after infection in the case group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the ratio between the case group and the control group at 9 months after infection. Conclusion: The cellular immune function has been impaired at 3 months after infection with BA.1, and the specific cellular immune and humoral immune functions decrease significantly after 6 months, and the risk of secondary infection increases.

The state of the body's immune system of beef cows with signs of endotoxicosis

During the development of endotoxicosis of various etiologies, secondary immunodeficiency occurs in animals, which progresses due to exposure to toxic metabolites. The work aimed to study the influence of endotoxicosis on the dynamics of indicators of the immune system of beef cows. The research was conducted on the Ukrainian black and spotted dairy breed beef cows. In cows with signs of endotoxicosis, clinical signs such as swelling of the external genital organs and mammary gland, anemia of the mucous membranes, depressed state, impaired appetite, and functional disorders of the antrum and intestines were characteristic. The main immunological tests characterizing the state of the immune system of beef cows are indicators of humoral immunity (bactericidal and lysozyme activity of blood serum), cellular immunity (T- and B-lymphocytes), indicators of non-specific resistance of the organism (phagocytic activity and phagocytic index). In beef cows with clinical manifestations of endotoxicosis, inhibition of cellular, humoral, and non-specific links of the immune system was established, which led to the development of the so-called secondary immunodeficiency. This is evidenced by a decrease in the bactericidal and lysozyme activity of blood serum, a decrease in the number of T- and B-lymphocytes, and a decrease in the phagocytic index and phagocytic activity of the blood of sick cows. In particular, it was established that the lowest indicator of bactericidal and lysozyme activity was observed in the 9th month of pregnancy in the experimental group of cows, where it decreased by 15.9 and 4.91 %, respectively, compared to the control. In the above study periods, a decrease in the phagocytic activity of neutrophils by 5.04 % and the phagocytic index by 33.3 % was established compared to the indicators of the control group. During the analysis of cellular immunity, similar changes were found in determining the number of T- and B-lymphocytes; they were lower by 12.5 % and 4.19 %, respectively. Changes in the indicators of the immune system are significant and objective markers of the state of the cow's body during the development of endotoxicosis, regardless of its causes.

Effect of platelet automesoconcentrate on the immunological status of experimental animals after liver resection

Objective. To study the indices of cellular and humoral immunity in the blood of rats after liver resection and under conditions of administration of platelet automeso–concentrate.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The study was performed on albino Wistar rats weighing 140 – 245 g. Resection of 2/3 of the liver was performed using the method of aseptic removal of its left and central lobes. During the resection, platelet autologous concentrate at a dose of 1 ml/kg was injected into the liver residue. To characterise the cellular and humoral components of immunity, the levels of leukocytes, lymphocytes, the number of total T– and B–lymphocytes, the level of circulating immune complexes, and the content of immunoglobulins of classes G and M were determined.&#x0D; Results. In the initial stages after liver resection, a marked leukocytosis was observed, accompanied by an increase in the relative number of basophils, eosinophils, rods and monocytes and a decrease in the level of segmented neutrophils and lymphocytes. The level of lymphocytes decreased at the expense of the T–cell population. Against the background of an increase in the number of B–lymphocytes, there was an increase in the levels of immunoglobulins M, G and circulating immune complexes. The injection of platelet autologous concentrate into the liver residue during resection of this organ stimulated the cellular and humoral immunity, as the studied parameters were higher than those of animals that did not receive platelet autologous concentrate. On the 7th day after partial hepatectomy, the studied parameters approached the control values.&#x0D; Conclusions. Components of cellular and humoral immunity can directly or indirectly affect the processes of liver regeneration after liver resection. B–cells after liver resection as antigen–presenting cells can trigger and modulate the immune response, which is enhanced by the introduction of platelet autologous concentrate into the body.

Indices of cellular and humoral immunity in a patient with a history of central precocious puberty in anamnesis

The etiology of precocious puberty includes organic anomalies, genetic mutations, but the primary cause remains unclear in the vast majority of cases. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GRH) agonists are used as a treatment of gonadotropin-dependent precocious puberty. Blocking the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, these drugs stop the premature development of sexual features, prevent premature closure of ossification zones, thereby increasing the child’s expected adult height. The interest in the effects of this group of drugs beyond the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis has been recently increased. A series of clinical cases have been reported on the development of autoimmune diseases, e.g., autoimmune thyroiditis, Graves disease and type 1 diabetes. The article presents a clinical observation of a patient with central form of premature development who exhibited satisfactory response to treatment with a GRH agonist drug. Further follow-up did not show any reproductive dysfunction. Upon immunological examination, a disturbance was revealed only in the cellular component of immunity. An increased metabolic activity of neutrophils was found, thus, probably, indicating a nonspecific inflammatory process. The levels of immunoglobulins A, M, G matched the reference values. Thus, the therapy with a drug from the group of GRH agonists was effective and safe in terms of influencing the patient’s immune system. The role of hormonal disorders and effects of GRH agonists on the development of immunopathological conditions require further research.

Correlation analysis of parameters of cardiointervalography and immune status in patients with ischemic stroke depending on the affected area (P1-4.007)

<h3>Objective:</h3> To conduct a correlation analysis of cardiointervalography and immunogram parameters in patients with ischemic stroke depending on the location of the ischemia <h3>Background:</h3> The rates of the immunogram and level of autonomic regulation can be used as an additional criterion for autoimmune disorders, assessing the severity of the condition and predicting infectious and inflammatory complications <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> 52 patients with ischemic stroke divided into 3 groups. The I group stroke in the left middle cerebral artery, II–right middle cerebral artery, III-vertebrobasilary basin. Subpopulations of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD16+, CD19+, as well as Interleukin-1β, Interleukin-4, Interleukin-8, Tumor necrosis factor-α were detected in venous blood serum. The functional state of the autonomic nervous system was assessed by R.M. Baevsky’s method of mathematical analysis of heart rate variability. The observation period is 1 and 10 days from the onset of stroke. <h3>Results:</h3> The subpopulation level of lymphocytes depends on the potential of the sympathetic spectrum of vegetal regulation; the indicators of humoral immunity have reciprocal dependencies with neurohumoral activity and parasympathetic regulation. In patients with ischemia in the left hemisphere in the acute period, 21% parameters of cardiointervalography and immunograms show significant correlations; in the acute period, the number of dependencies increased with an increase in sympathetic activity. In patients with stroke in the right hemisphere and in the vertebrobasilar basin in the most acute period, the number of significant correlations was 42%, which is 2 times more than in the first subgroup. In the acute period, with the growth of parasympathetic impact, the relations of the studied parameters reciprocally weaken and decrease. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> An unfavorable prognostic sign in patients with stroke living in low-mountain area is low values of CD3+, CD8+ cells and IL4, high CD16+, CD19+ cells, as well as a low level of neurohumoral and sympathetic regulation <b>Disclosure:</b> Nargiza Chekeeva has nothing to disclose.

Study of humoral immunity indices for assessing physical exhaustion in sports

Studies of real opportunities for physical skills of athletes sufficiently depend on their adaptive potential for increasing physical loads. Extreme physical and psychoemotional loads may lead to overwork and decreased physical ability in professional sportsmen. These adaptation processes are regulated by the main biochemical systems of the body. A special role belongs to the factors of humoral immunity, i.e., natural antibodies, which are a component of innate immunity. They circulate in blood of healthy persons in absence of obvious antigenic stimulation. Analytical techniques for measuring the level of natural antibodies that reflect the state of the system of endogenous bioregulators involved into the molecular mechanisms of adaptation process have been developed. An important role among them is played by the regulators of the opioid system β-endorphin and orphanin. The biochemical and immunological parameters were determined in 10 athletes active in figure skating (Master of Sports), whose average age was 16±0.4 years, and sport experience of 9±1 years. The duration of the study was divided into 5 stages and was 62 days. During the dynamic observations in the course of intensive training, no clear shifts in biochemical parameters were revealed towards adaptation stress and delayed recovery. The level of natural antibodies to orphanin and beta-endorphin was measured in the athletes blood serum by ELISA techique. It is found that each athlete is characterized by individual immune profile. At the initial stage of the examination, the level of antibodies to beta-endorphin was within normal ranges, except for its decrease in one athlete. The level of antibodies to orphanin in majority of cases was higher than normal, probably, due to inhibitory control of the pain signal. Further study in time dynamics revealed that the immunological parameters, natural antibodies to opioid peptides, change in accordance with the state of adaptation resources in the athletes. These indexes reflect psycho-emotional potential and pain tolerance threshold for athletes from the start of training and throughout the entire period. Therefore, from a prognostic point of view, it is important to monitor the content of natural antibodies to beta-endorphin and orphanin in athletes in the course of training. Such individual monitoring of the athlete’s immunological indices allows us to select a more effective, personal training program.

Clinical and immunological features of COVID-19 at different stages of the course of the disease

A retrospective analysis of clinical and immunological manifestations of COVID-19 was performed in 419 patients (women n=167 (39.8 %) men n= 252 (60.2 %)) aged 20 to 80 years. Mild stage I (early infection) in patients was mainly manifested by symptoms characteristic of other acute respiratory infections. Distinctive features were the loss (distortion) of smell and taste. The clinical manifestations of stage II (pulmonary) were determined by lung damage in the form of pneumonitis. Stage III (hyperinflammatory response) it was characterized by severe lung damage, involvement of other organs in the pathological process as a consequence of a hyperimmune reaction. The determination of cellular and humoral immunity indicators reflected the severity of damage to the body's immune system, and, accordingly, the severity of the course of coronavirus infection. The variety of clinical manifestations and examination results confirms that COVID-19 is a systemic disease with a multi-organ lesion that requires in-depth study of its clinical and immunological features.

Influence of Sports Training in Foothills on the Professional Athlete's Immunity.

Neuroplasticity and inflammation play important part in the body's adaptive reactions in response to prolonged physical activity. These processes are associated with the cross-interaction of the nervous and immune systems, which is realized through the transmission of signals from neurotransmitters and cytokines. Using the methods of flow cytometry and advanced biochemical analysis of blood humoral parameters, we showed that intense and prolonged physical activity at the anaerobic threshold, without nutritional and metabolic support, contributes to the development of exercise-induced immunosuppression in sportsmen. These athletes illustrate the following signs of a decreased immune status: fewer absolute indicators of the content of leukocytes, lowered values in the immunoregulatory index (CD4+/CD8+), and diminished indicators of humoral immunity (immunoglobulins A, M, and G, and IFN-γ). These factors characterize the functional state of cellular and humoral immunity and their reduction affects the prenosological risk criteria, indicative of the athletes' susceptibility to develop exercise-induced immunosuppression.

Longitudinal changes in cell-mediated immunity after varicella-zoster virus skin test in the general population; Shozu Herpes Zoster Study: SHEZ study.

Varicella-zoster virus-specific cell-mediated immunity has been associated with the onset and severity of herpes zoster (HZ), and the administration of the HZ vaccine enhanced the immunity. However, limited data is available on the duration of cell-mediated immunity enhancement by soluble antigen of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) skin test. A prospective, community-based cohort study was conducted in Shozu County, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. Repeated VZV skin tests containing inactivated VZV antigen and blood tests were performed on 365 subjects aged 60 years and older at baseline, 1, 2, and 3 years later. The differential immunity indices of VZV over time for cell-mediated and humoral immunity were evaluated.VZV skin test reaction and ELISpot counts increased significantly at 1, 2, and 3 years later compared to the baseline. However, humoral immunity indices did not change materially over time. Soluble antigen by VZV skin test enhanced VZV-specific cell-mediated immunity, and it persisted for at least 1 year. In addition, the inoculation with inactivated antigens every year by VZV skin test continued to enhance VZV-specific cell-mediated immunity after 2 and 3 years.

Comparative characteristics of humoral immunity indicators and their relationship with chelation therapy in thalassemia

Introduction. Data on the increased susceptibility of patients with thalassemia to infections are of great interest to the study of various aspects of the immune status of patients.Aim. The aim of the study was to study the parameters of the humoral immunity and their relationship with chelation therapy in patients with thalassemia.Materials and methods. This study was carried out at the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center for Hematology from 2015 to 2020. The material of the study was the peripheral venous blood of patients with thalassemia. When determining the immunological status of patients with β-thalassemia, we examined 74 schoolchildren, aged 8–12 years. Statistical processing of clinical material was carried out using the statistical package of application programs STATISTICA 10.0.Results and discussion. The results of the study of the content of serum immunoglobulins in the blood of sick children showed a reduced synthesis of IgA (p &lt; 0.001). At the same time, the level of IgM was significantly increased in patients with β-thalassemia, compared with the control (p &lt; 0.001), which indicates the presence of acute inflammation in the body. Also, the results of our studies showed that there is a certain tendency to increase the level of IgG (11.2 ± 0.41 pg/ml in control versus 16.13 ± 0.58 pg/ml), there was a significant increase in the synthesis of this immunoglobulin (p &lt; 0.001), this allows us to state about the autoimmune process. In the group of children with β-thalassemia, the level of C-reactive protein (CRP) was 4 times higher than the values of the control group (3.8 ± 0.1 ng/mg in the control versus 15.33 ± 0.17 ng/mg, p &lt; 0.001). The level of lactoferrin in sick children was reduced by 4.2 times compared with the data of the control group. There is a dysregulation of acute phase protein factors – C-reactive protein and lactoferrin. β-thalassemia is characterized by a sharp increase in the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines – the level of IL-6 is increased by 2.9 times, and the level of IL-18 – by 8.7 times.Conclusion. The relationship between the indicators of the immune status and indicators of hemosiderosis was revealed, there is a significant difference in all the studied indicators, the use of chelation therapy contributes to positive dynamics.

Assessment of the healing of a purulent wound of the submandibular region in military personnel

The aim of the work was to study the effectiveness of the drug in healing a purulent wound of the submandibular region in military personnel.&#x0D; To do this, 28 military personnel aged 24 to 29 years were treated with wounds of the mandibular region with a preparation from plant raw materials proposed by the authors by the method. Before and after wound treatment, the immune status was assessed: local oral immunity (slgA), indicators of lymphocyte subpopulations, indicators of humoral immunity (IgA, IgG, IgM, IgI).&#x0D; The results of the use of the drug in the healing of a purulent wound of the submandibular region in this group of patients are presented. The results obtained show that the regeneration of tissues of the submandibular region when using the proposed method of this drug is better in 87% of cases, and immunological indicators tend to return to normal.&#x0D; The effectiveness of the preparation in the healing of a purulent wound of the submandibular region was confirmed; a tendency to improve the state of the immune status was noted. The conclusion is made about the possibility of using this method for healing purulent wounds of the submandibular region and correction of immunity in military personnel.

Humoral immunity indicators as prediction factors for dysbiosis development risk

Diseases associated with bacterial vaginosis lead to chronic inflammatory processes of the internal genitals, the development of adhesions of the pelvic organs, infertility, spontaneous abortion at different times, as well as the development of malignant neoplasms. Vaginal microflora is an indicator of a woman's health which can form changing in hormonal and immunological status during various pathological conditions. The aim of the study was to create a system for prediction of the dysbiosis development according to the levels of nonspecific humoral factor of immune defence.&#x0D; The study was performed in 298 women aged 16 to 64 years, 53 of whom were diagnosed with normocenosis, and 245 have dysbiosis. Women were divided into 3 groups according to age. Regression analysis was used.&#x0D; Our previous researches have shown a correlation between increased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the blood and vaginal secretions with the stage of dysbiosis. A logistic regression model was constructed during the study, which showed that the risk of developing dysbiosis in terms of normobiota increases with increasing levels of interleukin 2 in the blood, tumor necrosis factor α. Significant features of the three-factor model for predicting the risk of developing dysbiosis (IL2, IL4 and TNFα) were selected by the method of genetic algorithm. The levels of these indicators in the blood were related to the severity of dysbiosis according to the results of discriminant analysis. Thus, a linear neural network model was developed for determination of dysbiosis severity according to the levels of nonspecific humoral factors of immune defence such as the C4 component of the complement system and γ-interferon in vaginal secretions, as well as the amount of circulating immune complexes and tumor necrosis factor α in the blood. Kappa Cohen's agreement for this model on the training set was 0.87 (95% CI 0.82-0.91), and on the confirmatory set was 0.89 (95% CI 0.77-1.00). These indicators show the adequacy of the constructed model. The interface of the expert system for the dysbiosis severity prediction has been created.

Jasmonic Acid-Treated Cotton Plant Leaves Impair Larvae Growth Performance, Activities of Detoxification Enzymes, and Insect Humoral Immunity of Cotton Bollworm.

Enhancement of plant defense by exogenous elicitors is a promising tool for integrated pest management strategy. In the present study, cotton plants were treated with different concentrations (0, 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0mM) of the natural plant defense elicitor, jasmonic acid (JA), and defense-related indicators in the plants were then determined. The cotton bollworm larvae were fed with JA-treated cotton leaves and larvae performances were discussed in terms of larvae relative growth rate (RGR), larval duration, pupal mass, humoral immunity, and activities of a target enzyme, three detoxification enzymes and two metabolic enzymes. Research results showed that JA treatment increased the contents of gossypol and H2O2, and decreased that of the total soluble carbohydrates, and 0.1mM JA was more powerful in the induction of defense-related parameters. As a consequence, cotton bollworm larvae reared on JA-treated cotton leaves showed slower RGR, prolonged larvae duration, and decreased pupal mass. In addition, when larvae were fed with JA-treated cotton leaves, activities of phenoloxidae (an indicator of humoral immunity) and acetylcholinesterase (AchE, a target enzyme), alkaline phosphatases (ALP), acidic phosphatase (ACP), and three detoxification enzymes, carboxylesterase (CarE), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and cytochrome P450 (P450), were all reduced compared to the control. Taken together, the results suggest that JA can be an alternative agent for pest management by delaying insect growth and inhibiting immune defense and detoxification capacity of the cotton bollworm, which may reduce the use of synthetic pesticides.

State of cellular and humoral systemic immunity in women of reproductive age under the development of proliferative processes in the endometry of the uterus and breast glands

The immune system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of endometrial hyperplasia (EH) and benign breast tumors, as in the body of women this system interacts closely with the reproductive system. Due to the fact that the transformation of endometrial cells and mammary glands is controlled by the immune system, it is important to study the redistribution of components of cellular and humoral immune components in women with combined pathology.&#x0D; The aim of the study was to study the state of cellular and humoral parts of the immune system in women of reproductive age, patients with endometrial hyperplasia and benign breast tumors.&#x0D; Materials and methods. Studies of the state of the immune cell were performed in peripheral blood to determine the subpopulation composition of blood lymphocytes using monoclonal antibodies to antigens CD3 + (total number of T lymphocytes), CD4 + (T-helpers), CD8 + (T-suppressors), CD16 + (NK cells), CD19 + (B-lymphocytes). Indicators of humoral immunity - immunoglobulins (Ig) of classes A, M and G were determined using monospecific sera against these immunoglobulins.&#x0D; Results of the research. There was a decrease in the mean values of T-lymphocytes, T-suppressors, T-helpers and B-lymphocytes with a simultaneous increase in NK cells in the peripheral blood in patients with GE and mastopathy compared with the control group. There was a decrease in the immunoregulatory index - the ratio of CD4 + / CD8 +. An increase in the content of Ig G and a decrease in the levels of Ig M and Ig A in the groups of patients with GE and in the combination of GE and mastopathy in comparison with healthy women is shown.&#x0D; Conclusions. Immunological homeostasis, which is characterized by changes in cellular and humoral immunity at the systemic level, is involved in the violation of reproductive function in women with hormonal imbalance, which leads to the development of GE and mastopathy

The state of humoral immunity in dusty lung diseases

The estimation of diagnostic value of humoral immunity indices in dust lung diseases is given and the tests for determining the individual sensitivity of persons to the effect of industrial aerosols of various fibrogenity degree are chosen. It is established that disorders of humoral immunity and inspecific resistance of the organism in dust lung pathology depend on the disease type and are determining for developing infectious complications. It is recommended to determine the factors of humoral immunity and inspecific resistance in workers being in contact with high concentrations of industrial aerosols and in patients with dust lung diseases for the exact estimation of risk of developing infectious complications.

Роль герпетичної інфекції в прогресуванні коморбідної соматичної патології

Мета роботи: визначити особливості клітинної та гуморальної ланок імунної системи у хворих на хронічне обструктивне захворювання легень (ХОЗЛ) груп В та С, GOLD 2–3, які мають ознаки метаболічного синдрому (МС), із наявністю ознак інфікування вірусами групи Herpesviridae. Матеріали та методи. Були обстежені 42 хворі на ХОЗЛ груп В та С, GOLD 2–3, поєднане із МС. 18 осіб мали поєд­нання ХОЗЛ та МС і були інфіковані вірусами Herpesviridae. Середній вік пацієнтів становив 51,3 ± 4,2 роки. У групу порівняння ввійшли 24 пацієнти з ХОЗЛ та МС без герпесвірусної інфекції. Усім хворим було проведене визначення антигенів вірусу простого герпесу (ВПГ) І типу та цитомегаловірусу (ЦМВ) у крові та слині, титру специфічних IgG- та IgM-антитіл до ВПГ І типу та ЦМВ, комплексне імунологічне обстеження з дослідженням показників клітинної та гуморальної ланок імунної системи, цитокінового статусу. Результати. При дослідженні активності вірусів родини герпесу в крові пацієнтів основної групи не було виявлено активної реплікації вірусів ВПГ 1-го типу та ЦМВ, а в слині в 15 хворих (83,3 %) була виявлена активна реплікація ВПГ 1-го типу, а у 12 осіб (66,7 %) — ЦМВ. У всіх пацієнтів основної групи відмічався тяжкий перебіг герпесвірусної інфекції з частотою загострень більше 6 разів на рік. В імунологічному статусі хворих основної групи спостерігалися імунодефіцит переважно Т-клітинної ланки імунної системи та NK-клітин, значне підвищення відносної кількості Т- та В-лімфоцитів із раннім та пізнім маркерами активації на тлі автоімунних проявів та запальних змін у периферичній крові. Висновки. Наявність хронічної персистуючої інфекції ВПГ 1-го типу та ЦМВ обумовлює тяжкий перебіг ХОЗЛ, поєднаного з МС, індукує розвиток інфекційних загострень ХОЗЛ та більш виражені прояви системного запалення при атеросклерозі як морфологічному субстраті МС.