Human Sciences Research Articles

The problem of determining the appropriate statistical method in human and social research

This research aims to find a solution to a problem faced by most researchers in the field of human and social sciences. The problem is related to the use of the appropriate statistical method for analyzing data and testing hypotheses, choosing between the two main types of statistics: parametric and non-parametric. Choosing the statistical method is not random, but rather depends on the fulfillment of certain conditions, such as normality of distribution, sample size, homogeneity, and measurement level (nominal, ordinal, categorical, or relative), the research poses a crucial question: How does a social researcher choose the appropriate statistical method to test the hypotheses of his research?

The Use of Observation in the Humanities and Social Sciences: Two Examples of Observation Networks for Child Behavior

The paper highlights the significance of scientific observation in the humanities and social sciences. It shows that observation has grown from being simple to becoming more scientific, thus gaining credibility. Among other functions, the primary work of observation at the initial stages of research is to help researchers change problems into scientific problematic and suggest tentative answers or hypotheses.

Bridging the gap between experimental control and ecological validity in human sensorimotor science.

Bridging the gap between experimental control and ecological validity in human sensorimotor science.

Media dan Teknologi Pembelajaran PPKn Dalam Memenuhi Tujuan dan Fungsi Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan

Learning is a process of interaction that takes place consciously between teachers and students, who manage the environment (situation) so that students gain knowledge and knowledge, as well as the formation of attitudes among students. In other words, learning is a process where students learn well. The research method in this article is a qualitative research method with a literature study approach. Literature study is a method carried out by collecting and understanding data in literature. The results of this research are that digitalization of educational technology and learning media can be developed in the classroom in civic education learning. The conclusion from this research is that appropriate learning media really helps students in the teaching and learning process. With learning media, it can help teachers in providing explanations of the learning material that will be delivered. Apart from that, learning media also functions to help communication for both the communicator and the recipient. Digital technology has become an educational necessity nowadays, especially in Civics subjects because the Civics learning process is interpreted as a vehicle for the formation of identity and love for the homeland through internalization. or personalization of religious and cultural values which underlie human values, political values, educational science and technology values, artistic values, economic values and health values which are basic human activities in order to build better citizen insight.

In Silico Human Mobility Data Science: Leveraging Massive Simulated Mobility Data (Vision Paper)

Human mobility data science using trajectories or check-ins of individuals has many applications. Recently, we have seen a plethora of research efforts that tackle these applications. However, research progress in this field is limited by a lack of large and representative datasets. The largest and most commonly used dataset of individual human trajectories captures fewer than 200 individuals, while datasets of individual human check-ins capture fewer than 100 check-ins per city per day. Thus, it is not clear if findings from the human mobility data science community would generalize to large populations. Since obtaining massive, representative, and individual-level human mobility data is hard to come by due to privacy considerations, the vision of this work is to embrace the use of data generated by large-scale socially realistic microsimulations. Informed by both real data and leveraging social and behavioral theories, massive spatially explicit microsimulations may allow us to simulate entire megacities at the person level. The simulated worlds, which do not capture any identifiable personal information, allow us to perform “in silico” experiments using the simulated world as a sandbox in which we have perfect information and perfect control without jeopardizing the privacy of any actual individual. In silico experiments have become commonplace in other scientific domains such as chemistry and biology, permitting experiments that foster the understanding of concepts without any harm to individuals. This work describes challenges and opportunities for leveraging massive and realistic simulated alternate worlds for in silico human mobility data science.

Examining the Language of Politics and the Politics of Language via Political Discourse Analysis

An overview of political discourse analysis (PDA) research is provided in this essay. We start by placing this work in the context of the linguistic and political shifts that occurred in the last half of the twentieth century in the social and human sciences. We next go over many opinions about what constitutes the political and relevant subjects of study for PDA. We examine the connection between PDA and critical discourse analysis (CDA), adopting an inclusive understanding of politics and discourse. We conclude by reviewing political discourse studies in terms of the theoretical and analytical frameworks they use, as well as the sociopolitical topics they tackle.

Mental and Spiritual Accompaniment of Cancer Patients

This paper explores the mental and spiritual accompaniment of cancer patients from a theological and pastoral perspective. The author reflects on her early experiences as a hospital chaplain and the challenges of communicating hope and comfort to patients facing a life-threatening diagnosis. She reviews the current literature on the psychological, social, and spiritual aspects of cancer and how they affect patients’ coping strategies, quality of life, and meaning making. She also discusses the role of the Church and its functionaries in providing support and guidance to cancer patients, as well as the potential benefits of what a theologically reflected service can offer in extension to other approaches. The paper emphasizes the importance of understanding the patients’ emotional, relational, and spiritual needs and of respecting their individuality and dignity. The paper also highlights the supreme relevance of the Christian faith as a source of hope for cancer patients. The paper concludes with some practical suggestions for pastoral care and spiritual accompaniment of cancer patients. Keywords: cancer patients, pastoral psychology, ecopsychology, mental and spiritual accompaniment, human sciences and theology, hope

Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science and International Relations, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Punjab Pakistan.

This research paper investigates the profound influence of the International Monetary Fund on the economy of Pakistan from 2013 to 2022. Pakistan has been engaged with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) since 1958. Over this period, Pakistan has entered multiple agreements with the IMF, shaping its economic policies significantly. This study employs a comprehensive analysis of IMF programs and their impact either negative or positive on Pakistan's economic landscape. By employing a case study approach, historical analysis, quantitative assessments, and qualitative perspectives, this paper aims to unveil the intricate dynamics between the IMF's directives and Pakistan's economy. It explores how IMF policies, often linked to loan agreements, have influenced Pakistan's autonomy in economic policymaking, impacted sectors like education and healthcare, and shaped the nation's fiscal policies. The research seeks to offer insights into the multifaceted relationship between international economic organizations, particularly the IMF, and the economy of Pakistan.

Academic Failure among University Students from the Perspectives of Instructors

The research aims to identify the reasons for academic failure among students of the College of Education for Human Sciences at the University of Basrah from the perspective of their instructors and the severity of each reason. The researcher distributed a questionnaire (open-ended question) to teachers to write the reasons for their students' failure, and in light of the teachers' responses and the researcher's review of the literature and previous studies, a questionnaire consisting of (18) items was prepared in its final form after verifying its psychometric properties (validity and reliability).

OLIY TA’LIM TIZIMINI INSONIYLASHTIRISH VA INSONPARVARLASHTIRISH MUAMMOLARI

The article, based on an analysis of scientific literature and empirical research, examines the issues of humanitarization of higher education in the modern period. The harmony between the natural, technical, social and human sciences in this process is explored. The content of modern humanitarian education includes not only the humanities, which reveal the laws of social development, social norms and the development of relationships, but also knowledge about society, skills and competencies of social interaction, civil society and the ability to act in the world of high technology.

Perception of competencies for writing scientific articles in social and human sciences researchers

Considering that scientific writing presents complex challenges, we sought to determine the level of perception that social and human science researchers have about their competencies to write scientific articles, through a cross-sectional descriptive study in which 129 researchers of both sexes with various years of research experience participated. They self-assessed their writing using the Scale for Evaluating Scientific Articles in Social and Human Sciences by López-López, Tobón and Hernández-Juárez (2019), and an overall result of high level in writing competence was obtained, with a significant effect size; scoring highest in the Results and Reference List sections; while the lowest were in Style and Format and Appendices. When comparing writing competence with the variables gender, research experience or the number of books and articles published, no significant differences were found, despite the fact that in this study males presented a greater number of publications. However, the Methodology section, evaluated with the scale, research experience, as well as belonging to the male gender, were the predictor variables for the publication of articles. Finally, it is recommended that more support be given to female researchers and that more methodological training be provided to new researchers in the interest of promoting educational equity.

Когнитивная и методологическая сторона герменевтики в свете концепций социального и эмоционального мозга

The article examines popular conceptions of social and emotional intelligence that allow the question of the specificities of the social sciences and humanities to be revisited in a new context. On the one hand, the example of hermeneutics draws attention to the fundamental difference between the social and human sciences and the natural sciences. On the other hand, in light of recent research on social and emotional intelligence and the conceptions of the social and emotional brain, the authors aim to justify the possibility of distinguishing between the cognitive and methodological aspects of hermeneutics. The article reviews popular cognitive studies that demonstrate current trends in the study of the social nature of human beings. It raises the question of the prospects for modern scientific justification of the social and humanitarian problems raised by hermeneutics in the 20th century, and the possibility of using the experience accumulated by hermeneutics in the study of the intuitive side of human understanding for the further development of conceptions of the social and emotional brain.

Statistics in Social Sciences

This work is the result of some research and documentation of the theoretical problems of statistics and its applications in the study of phenomena and processes in nature and society. Statistics has applications in the most diverse fields, such as: medicine, natural sciences, economics, politics, human behavior sciences, etc. Practically, in any field of human existence we witness operations of gathering, systematizing and interpreting information. That is why its role is very important. Therefore, this paper reviews some statistical methods that are used in social sciences. The focus is mainly on the applied aspect of the techniques and the author give insights about techniques that can be used to answer problems in the abovementioned areas of research. The article focuses on detailed explanations in the presentation of the consequences of the application of statistical procedures in the social sciences.

<p>Livelihood Impacts of Drought: Experiences from Households and Business Organizations in Western Cape Province of South Africa</p>

Drought is a recurring natural phenomenon with significant socio-economic and environmental impacts across South Africa. This research investigates the livelihood impacts of drought on households and organizations in the Western Cape Province of South Africa, utilizing a secondary dataset collected by the Human Sciences Research Council of South Africa. Descriptive statistics were used to describe and explore the dataset. Likewise, heterogeneous choice modeling was applied to investigate the factors influencing the levels of livelihoods impacts of drought among household and organizations. The findings underscored households’ greater vulnerability to drought compared to organizations across all the levels of drought impacts. Many households reported considerable and major impacts, which were largely due to differentials in adaptive capacity. While awareness of the drought was widespread, perception varied regarding the government’s effectiveness in managing the crisis, as less than half of the population of organizations (43.7%) and households (42.1%) have strong belief that the government was very effective in the management of drought disaster, while 30.9% and 34.6% of the organizations and households respectively, believed that the government was not effective enough with the management of drought crisis. Hygiene, chores, and gardening suffered the most among households, whereas disruption of business and financial burdens were predominant for organizations. Factors that significantly influenced the levels of drought impacts include age, institutional engagement of water restrictions, livelihood areas impacted by drought, and perceptions on water consumption rate. The study recommends heightened awareness of water conservation, compliance with restrictions, investment in infrastructure, and embracing community-based adaptation and disaster risk reduction initiatives. For organizations, emergency response plans, business continuity planning, and stakeholder engagement will be helpful to bolster resilience to drought.

Satisficing Approach to On-Demand Ride Matching

Online ride-hailing platforms have developed into an integral part of the transportation infrastructure in many countries. The primary task of a ride-hailing platform is to match trip requests to drivers in real time. Although both passengers and drivers prefer a prompt pickup to initiate the trips, it is often difficult to find a nearby driver for every passenger. If the driver is far from the pickup point, the passenger may cancel the trip while the driver is heading toward the pickup point. For the platform to be profitable, the trip cancellation rate must be maintained at a low level. We propose a computationally efficient data-driven approach to ride matching, in which a pickup time target is imposed on each trip request and an optimization problem is formulated to maximize the joint probability of all the pickup times meeting the targets. By adjusting pickup time targets individually, this approach may assign more high-value trip requests to nearby drivers, thus boosting the platform’s revenue while maintaining a low cancellation rate. In numerical experiments, the proposed approach outperforms several ride-matching policies used in practice. History: Accepted by Andrea Lodi, Area Editor for Design & Analysis of Algorithms—Discrete. Funding: This work of D. Rong and X. Sun was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 71971165], the National Key Research and Development Program of China [Grant 2021YFB3301801], the MOE Project of Humanities and Social Science of China [Grant 19YJE630002], and the Soft Science Research Program of Shannxi [Grant 2018KRZ005]. The work of S. He was supported in part by the Singapore Ministry of Education Social Science Research Council [Grant MOE2022-SSRTG-029]. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2021.0210 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2021.0210 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .

A Correlational Investigation into Master Thesis Supervisory Feedback through Online Learning Platforms: Moulay Ismail University Master Students as a Case Study

Many universities and other higher education institutions in Morocco are realizing that distance learning is an advantageous alternative for traditional education. Online research supervision has also been found to play a critical role in the process of conducting research. Research suggests that online supervisory feedback improves the process of research more than that taking place in face-to-face settings. However, many Moroccan university graduate students have encountered numerous challenges in adapting to online learning platforms and successfully receiving feedback on their research theses. The present study aims at investigating the interrelationship between master students’ thesis supervisory feedback through online learning platforms and their achievement. Data were collected from 30 university graduates at the school of Arts and Human Sciences in Meknes. We employed a cross-sectional survey to explore students’ attitudes towards different characteristics of supervisory feedback. We also measured their research achievement by analyzing their research thesis scores. The findings suggest that there is a significant relationship between students’ thesis supervisory feedback through online learning platforms and their achievement. However, the results also revealed that online research supervision can be limited when no technical instructions and trainings are provided to both the supervisor and supervisee. Our findings suggest some implications for both university research supervisors and the institutions. Supervisors need to engage more in online research supervision as it has been found to play a significant role in enhancing the quality of research. Technical support should be provided for both research supervisors and students to facilitate their engagement in the supervision and research processes.

Does green technology innovation promote green economic growth? –Examining regional heterogeneity between resource-based and non-resource-based cities

Using the radial Direction Distance Function (DDF) Golbal-Malmquist-luenberger (GML) index to calculate the growth efficiency of all-factor green economy, 262 resource-based and non-resource-based cities in China from 2003 to 2018 were taken as samples. The effects of green technology innovation on the growth efficiency of green economy and its heterogeneity are discussed through the fixed-effect model, and the internal influencing mechanism between resource dependence, green technology innovation and green economy growth in resource-based areas is further tested. The results show that: under the whole sample, green technology innovation has an “inverted U-shaped” nonlinear effect on the efficiency of green economy. Green technology innovation promotes the growth of green economy, However, with the continuous improvement of the level of green technology innovation, its marginal effect on the efficiency of green economy growth decreases. In the heterogeneity analysis of resource-based cities and non-resource-based cities, it is found that the impact of green technology innovation on green economic growth in resource-based cities is greater than that in non-resource-based cities. In the heterogeneity analysis of different resource-based cities, it is found that green technology innovation of growing and mature resource-based cities will significantly promote the growth of green economy. The mechanism test shows that the dependence of resource-based cities on natural resources will have a “crowding out effect” on human capital investment and science and technology investment.

CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS OF SUPER TAX DEDUCTION INCENTIVES FOR R&D ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT BY THE INDUSTRIAL SECTOR

In order to achieve Indonesia Gold 2045, with one of the missions being an advanced economy country, Indonesia needs to increase its Gross Domestic Product (GDP). One of the programs is to improve the quality of human resources and science and technology, which is carried out through increasing research and development activities. After further review, it turns out that spending on research and development activities compared to Indonesia's Gross Domestic Product is still low, private participation in research and development is still less than the government. The government makes a policy of providing super tax deductions to companies that carry out certain research and development activities in Indonesia. This research was conducted to determine the critical success factors (CSF) or success factors that must be considered by policy makers in implementing super tax deduction for research and development activities, which were carried out with a post positivist approach and data collection by in-depth interviews. Critical Success Factors (CSF) analyzed are divided into 3 dimensions, namely relevance, effectiveness, and efficiency. In the dimension of relevance, the form of super tax deduction incentives is the right form if the cost factor constraint in hindering research and development activities carried out by the industry applies ceteris paribus, and it is necessary to adjust the form of incentives according to industry needs. In addition, it is necessary to determine clear overall policy targets with the preparation of performance indicators. The dimension of effectiveness shows that in implementing the policy, it is necessary to conduct an evaluation to find out the cause of the company's low enthusiasm in conducting research and development activities and proposing incentives, and it is necessary to increase the intensity of socialization and adequate coordination between the ministries/agencies involved. In terms of efficiency, the use of the Online Single Submission (OSS) system in the implementation of incentive submissions needs to be optimized by developing a synchronized OSS system and supporting transparency in policy implementation.

The Contents Are the Vessel: Snod bcud Beyond Nature

Reflecting on the implications of Dipesh Chakrabarty's "The Climate of History" for a critical Buddhist Studies of/for the Anthropocene, this article introduces a seven-hundred-years-old reflection among Inner Asian Buddhist scholastics about the perspectival tangle of worlds and beings. Rooted in canonical Indian Abhidharma literature and then the Tibetan Pakpa Chökyi Lodrö's didactic compositions meant for the princelings of the 13th century Mongolian Empire, Tibetan and Mongolian authors have long considered the ontological and epistemic nature of environments, beings, and perceiving minds in relation. Tracing an intellectual history leading into the Mongolian revolutionary period and Tibetan refugee diaspora in the twentieth century, this article shows that Inner Asian Buddhist have never been burdened by the tyranny of Nature and Culture, whose conceptual blurring in the Anthropocene Chakrabarty cites as imperiling the Humanities. Let the Humanities, as such, die. Finding resonances with earlier perspectival constructions of nature in the work of Alexander von Humboldt, the 19th century father of ecological studies, as well as critiques of nature/nurture in body and disability studies, this article argues for using Inner Asian perspectives as new methodological resources in the ruins of liberal humanism and the normative human sciences.

SCIENTIFIC LIFE

Objective: The objective of this study is to clarify the unity between science and human life. Thereby clarifying that science is a product of human life. Science becomes a commodity in trade to make money. This study aims to contribute to clarifying the difference between creativity and scientific instinct. Methods: To achieve the above-stated goals, this study uses a qualitative method. In particular, the content of this research is reviewed and analyzed from human science. In addition, the subject accesses documents mainly from Karl Marx's complete works and academic articles referring to human life. Results: Examining human life as directly related to science reveals several important findings. First, science takes the methodology from the history of philosophy and mathematics as scientific instinct. Second, true science is closely related to human life, that is creativity in science, this is the most basic characteristic of true science. Third, creativity in science becomes a scientific commodity, making the products of science have a money instinct. In human life, science becomes a money instinct. Conclusion: Science is human life. Human life is expressed in different professions and job positions. Different job positions have different abilities and needs. One person's ability is another person's need. Satisfying ability is creativity. The creation of life is science. That is scientific life. Science separated from life becomes metaphysical theory and pure reason. Pure reason becomes a cognitive methodology, making science strange. All perception depends on pure reason, making the rest of life an aspiration and an ideal that is foreign to real life.