Humanitarian Institutions Research Articles

Light Side of Design: Professional Vector

This article addresses one of the most actively developing types of design activities – light design. The article comprises quotes of the leading Russian and foreign light design specialists published over the previous five years, as well as the authors’ own conclusions. The thoughts quoted in the article are sometimes opposite to each other and reflect the wide spectrum of professional practice. They reflect the initial opinions of analysts and experts which are often diverging. All of the specialists point at the interdisciplinary nature of the new profession, which imposes additional load on a designer overloaded enough already by the scope and speed of the problems being solved nowadays. The discussion of the new profession of light designer initiated on the pages of professional publications is especially important in view of the development of professional standards and standards of design and architectural education, as well as creation of new educational programmes based on various approaches to the subject in technical and humanitarian institutions. The goal of this article is to introduce light design into the field of fully legitimate sections of design culture, to define the authentic scientific basis of the new creative profession, to initiate a foundation for self-determination of the new synthetic area, which materially affects the state of the profession as a whole and the life standards of a wide variety of consumers. In order to reach the set goal, a comparative and analytical method of study was selected, which allows studying the problem to a large extent and from all angles and finding the ways of overcoming the challenges emerging in the area of the new activity.

Spiritual (Including Folklore) Culture As a Tool for Teaching the Russian Language in a Multicultural Environment: Practical Experience

The article discusses the issues of improving the methodology of teaching the Russian language and the effectiveness of teaching the Russian language in a multicultural environment with the inclusion of elements of spiritual culture (including folklore) in educational institutions (humanitarian gymnasiums, high schools and institutions of higher education) of the Republic of Mari El. The authors demonstrate differences in the use of folklore in the main (class, out-of-class and out-of-school) activities of the experimental network institutions (Federal Institute for the Development of Education, Moscow) and the training workshop (‘Prosveshchenie’ Publishing House). It is concluded that projects aimed at socio-cultural adaptation, successful socialization and enculturation of Russian youth are of great importance from different angles, including the issue of harmonizing interpersonal and intercultural relations in modern Russian society. The authors’ experience (E. A. Plotnikova, M. N. Pirogova) in introducing certain units of Russian traditional culture into the study of the Russian language by foreign students also had certain positive reviews. It is obvious that at the initial stage of training, students should receive a certain linguistic minimum, including knowledge of the country’s culture, traditions, features of verbal and non-verbal communication, etc. Application of innovative educational technologies, including quests and competitions, gives good results in this case.
 Keywords: multicultural environment, spiritual culture, folklore culture, teaching the Russian language

MIPLH and LIPLH: the Problem of the Emergence and Practice of Classicists Training

The author, based on archival materials and published sources, studies the problem of the origin of humanitarian institutions in the USSR at the turn of the 1920s and 1930s, as well as their capabilities to train specialists in ancient history. The article explains the emergence of an established historiographical view of MIFLI and LIFLI as unique institutions for those years. The author is convinced that the Soviet government did not have a priority task to create elite humanitarian education; the creation of branch institutes allowed not to disperse financial means, but to provide purposefully priority educational programs in the conditions of industrialization. It turns out that initially, in 1931—1932, the Institutes developed only applied areas of training. As a result of the party struggle in 1932 there were changes in the practice of training specialists, there was an opportunity to increase the number of teachers and to form a specialization. This could only be achieved through a gradual transition, which did not materialize. If initially the system of specialization in classical studies was formed in MIPLH and LIPLH, after 1934 the professors viewed these institutes as a continuation of the reforms of the 1920s and directed their potential to the development of time-tested historical faculties of MSU and LSU.

Humanitarian affect: Islam, aid and emotional impulse in northern Pakistan

ABSTRACTEmploying a perspective on humanitarianism as a ‘morphing’ project of ‘doing good’, this article explores the historical process of drawing humanitarian institutions to northern Pakistan via Muslim networks. Focusing on local men who have practised a variety of forms of humanitarian engagement in past and present, it looks at the broader moral assemblages of which these humanitarians are part. The article thereby shows how these moral assemblages are marked by affect, local distinctions and translocal aspirations. Amidst co-existing humanitarian genealogies, I argue that it is the emotional impulse not only to care for others, but also to get the unlikely done and to build a material legacy that provides a legitimacy for humanitarian work that goes beyond the politics of compassion.

III.1. Savoir et se taire ? Le Comité international de la Croix-Rouge et la Shoah

As early as the end of WWII, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) was condemned for its response to the Holocaust. The world’s oldest humanitarian institution was primarily criticised for its silence. The ICRC did not publicly denounce the deportation of Jewish civilians to concentration and extermination camps. Because the organisation appeared to know what was happening in these places, its silence was all the more condemnable. Knowing and yet remaining silent was considered a sign of cowardice and passivity—and even of willing complicity with the perpetrators. A series of events, including the visit of the ICRC to the Theresienstadt Ghetto and the issuance of travel documents to war criminals, only served to underscore the criticisms against the Genovese organisation.This article seeks to examine both sides of the issue. It begins with an explanation of how the ICRC functioned during WWII and a discussion of the differences between the headquarters in Geneva and operations in the field. It then lists the criticisms, both justified and unfounded, that have been leveled against the ICRC for its silence before examining the relevance of each accusation. The article’s preliminary conclusion points to reasons as to why the term “silence” became so closely associated with the ICRC.

The politics of development and humanitarianism in EU externalization: Managing migration in Ukraine

This paper draws from research in Ukraine to analyze how development and humanitarianism are integral to spatial projects of migration management. As a country of origin, transit and destination for migrants that now borders four EU member countries, Ukraine’s integration with the EU has been made conditional upon its willingness to cooperate in managing migration. The EU has externalized significant aspects of migration and border management to Ukraine, making investments in the country’s capacity to selectively control—even detain—cross-border migration in line with EU security priorities. Discourses and practices of development are central to the installation, justification and management of EU externalization in transit areas of migration. In concert, the spatial practices of humanitarian institutions maintain migrants’ survival while also managing their exclusion from EU common space. This paper discusses the spatial politics of development and humanitarianism in EU externalization by addressing: (1) the humanitarian management of migrant detention in Ukraine; (2) the uses of development through the EU’s Neighbourhood Policy to outsource migration management to Ukraine; and (3) the roles of development and humanitarian discourses, programs and institutions in implementing the externalization of migration management to Ukraine.

المعايير المكانية والنوعية لمراكز الإيواء الحكومية ومدى استجابتها للنزوح خلال الطوارئ في قطاع غزة.

هدفت الدراسة إلى بيان مدى استجابة مراكز الإيواء الحكومية في قطاع غزة للنزوح الداخلي وفق المعايير المكانية والنوعية لمراكز الإيواء وذلك خلال الاعتداءات العسكرية الإسرائيلية على قطاع غزة في عام 2014م، وما تلا ذلك من تقييم وإعادة تأهيل للكوادر البشرية وإعادة تأهيل المدارس الحكومية لتكون صالحة للإيواء، ولتحقيق الأهداف اتبعت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، واستخدم الباحثون أدوات متعددة منها إجراء المقابلات مع ذوي العلاقة من وزارة التنمية الاجتماعية، ومراجعة الأدبيات الصادرة عن جهات العمل الإنساني وقطاع الإيواء. وتوصلت الدراسة إلى عدد من النتائج أهمها: أن جهوزية الجهات الحكومية للإيواء لم تكون بالمستوى المطلوب وذلك بسبب ارتفاع أعداد النازحين عما هو متوقع، وأن عمليات إعادة التأهيل بعد عام 2014م أفضل من ذي قبل وراعت المعايير والمؤشرات النوعية الى حد مناسب، وأوصت الدراسة بضرورة التنسيق بين المؤسسات الحكومية والأهلية والإنسانية لتلبية الاحتياجات البشرية والإنسانية وحفظ كرامة النازحين.

Remote Sensing for Disaster Projection Model

Natural disasters are natural phenomena that cannot be avoided by humans, but human beings are able to mitigate its impact for the humanitarian aspects. Therefore monitoring, predicting and managing natural phenomenon in the earth is one of the methods to mitigate disaster - one of them by using remote sensing technology. Integrated of imageries from near real-time remote sensing satellite system to the higher resolution with the support of the ancillary data may develop spatial information for any mitigation purposes. Therefore, the aim of the study is to assess rapid information of the prone area and the possibility of developing a projection model with the remote sensing approach. The steps included the assessment of prone area by implemented the integrated method of NDVI, fussy and high pass and the overview of the projection model using remote sensing approach. The disasters associated with landslides may be used for example, because this disaster often struck the Asian region. The result of the assessment indicated the integration of NDVI, fussy and high pass method can give faster information of the landslides hazards that is needed for disaster and humanitarian institutions. Meanwhile, to develop a projection model for the hazards cannot be developed only on remote sensing technique, but better support by GIS technique and other in situ ancillary information.

Religion of Dolgans, Nganasans, Nenets and Enets

This study examines the peculiarities of traditional religious beliefs of indigenous peoples of the Krasnoyarsk Krai — Dolgans, Nganasans, Nenets and Enets. The authors use comparative historical and historiographical methods, as well as rely on the results of field research conducted by employees of the Department of Cultural Studies at the Humanitarian Institute of Siberian Federal University in the territory of compact residence of these peoples in Krasnoyarsk Krai from 2010 to 2018. The study provides an overview of the main features of the traditional religious beliefs of each of the designated indigenous minorities with the definition of their current state. The results of the study make it possible to determine the general and specific features characteristic of the religious beliefs of Dolgans, Nganasans, Nenets and Enets who live in the Krasnoyarsk Krai, both in their traditional form and in their present state

A branch university journal as an information resource: the bibliometric analysis experience

One of the most widespread publications of a university is «Vestnik» (Bulletin), which reflects not only scientific and professional interests of the university in a certain subject field, but scientific and professional interests of the scientific community within its territory and abroad. The journal testifies to the branch science development in general, contributes to formation of socio-economic and scientific environment of a certain region, and the country as a whole. The article deals with the journal «Bulletin of Kemerovo State University of Culture and Arts» («Vestnik of KemGUKI») as an information resource of the branch university. The author studies main charac­teristics of the publication in the Russian Science Citation Index; concludes that the journal quality indicators (its index and place the Science Index rating, two-year and five-year impact factor) are con­stantly growing, that indicates promoting the publication in the professional community information environment. The paper highlights the bibliometric analysis results for 5 years (2013–2017) investigating publications (segments of document flow, micro-flows) grouped by features of content, species and author's structure. The journal reflects a wide range of humanitarian knowledge. The authors of «Vestnik KemGUKI» are highly qualified teachers, their scientific and educational activities develop the branch science and pro­fessional education and form the University positive image. «Vestnik» is a platform to present and test dissertators’ re-searches. The document flow analysis on the authors’ affiliations allowed identifying teams that work in line with the interests of KemGUCA. Among them are not only universities of culture and other humanitarian educational institutions, but organizations not related to educational activities. Studying the authors’ regional affiliation, the paper reflects the geographical landscape wideness. The authors are not only from Kemerovo, as well as from a large number of regional centers, cities and republics. Thanks to scientists and teachers of the neighboring countries (Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan) the range of authors is constantly expanding. The study reveals coincidence of scholar interests with the scientific educational community of foreign countries (Poland, Bulgaria, Germany, China, India). It shows that «Vestnik» is recognized in the professional environment of the humanitarian community as a resource promoting education, science and culture in Kuzbass, Siberia, Russia, and the near and far abroad.

The Archivist, the Scholar and the Possibilities of Decolonising Archives in Zimbabwe

The well-worn routes of colonial history leading to London, Paris, Lisbon, and elsewhere may remain fruitful for historians of the post-colonial period. Since former colonial powers remained involved, or at least interested, in what was going on in their former colonies, intelligence reports and diplomatic materials from the last fifty years may be of value to social scientists of the present. Historians also have turned to records from the United States, the former USSR, and other states with extensive involvement in African politics. The archives of humanitarian groups, non-governmental organizations, newspapers, and other institutions also contain materials produced by African governments. Some intentionally gathered materials, while others accreted them indirectly over the course of their work. (Samuel Fury Childs Daly 2017).Although Daly's quotation was focused on the post-independence period in Biafra, the sentiments resonate precisely with circumstances elsewhere in understanding African history through the archives.

Life-purpose orientations of today’s university students of a multicultural region

You The article presents an empirical study of the life-purpose orientations of thirdand fourth-year students of various directions of undergraduate training: “Psychology”, “Environmental sciences”, “Economics”, “Law” of the Volga Humanitarian Institute (branch) of Volgograd State University. The study used the Life-Purpose Orientations Test (LPO technique) of D.A. Leontiev as the main technique. The results of respondents in this sample correspond to the average level of indicators on all scales. In addition, students were offered the author’s questionnaire “What is valuable to you?” An analysis of the answers led to the conclusion that spiritual values are a priority for almost all students and “Family” is the most significant value.

Humanitarianism in Praxis? Probing Power Dynamics around Key Actors in Zimbabwe’s Forced Migration

Globally, humanitarian organisations are ideally expected to render expedient and effective assistance to all (indiscriminately) vulnerable populations, ranging from victims of adverse natural hazards to those fleeing from intra-state or inter-state conflicts. Consequently, the role played by international organisations vis-a-vis creating structural justice in these contexts can be equated to restoring the displaced people’s capabilities. Capabilities are entrenched in the ability to do or be what one values in life while entitlements denote the resources that individuals should access through legal channels. Therefore, this paper intends to explore the differences between the application of the capability approach and entitlement approach and the role of international organisations (in praxis) in enhancing or hindering human capabilities. Using qualitative data from participants who work for non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in Zimbabwe, the paper discusses the assumed, conventional role of humanitarian institutions juxtaposed with the reality of their activities in alleviating challenges faced by the displaced communities in Zimbabwe. The findings of the paper indicate that effective interventions for the displaced communities are adversely affected by power dynamics around key actors in internal displacement. This connotes that the bid to remain politically correct hinders the NGOs from enforcing their mandated roles towards IDPs in Zimbabwe. Therefore, the paper reaches the conclusion that the Zimbabwean context of internal displacement has exposed the gaps created by the polarity between theory on displaced people’s humanitarian assistance and praxis in real-life contexts. This has particularly exposed the forced migrants to increased vulnerabilities as well as reducing the IDPs’ chances of gaining their capabilities.

POTENSI KONFLIK PASCA BENCANA

The potential conflict for post-disaster, especially between religious communities, is a fact that cannot be denied. This study portrays the potential between the Islamic and Catholic communities in Ngargomulyo Village after the Mount Merapi disaster. This research uses the framework of motive, incentive and apportunities theories popularized by Neil and Reigharts and the conflict and peace approach that was popularized by Johan Galtung. The results of the study showed that the potential confilict for post-disaster was caused by the unstable mental condition of the community and the unstable economic factors. Thus, it is expected that the role of humanitarian institutions is to provide capacity building programs for the community both through training, strengthening existing institutions in the community (RT, RW, PKK, Karang Taruna, churches, mosques, Islamic Boarding Schools, Community Group Schools /community). Other effects of disasters in the form of indirect conflict can also be mitigated by disaster management that includes aspects of mitigation response, good recovery and rehabilitation and overall distribution of aid, based on the principle of no harm in distributing aid and the principle of impartiality looking at ethnicity, religion, race and color, so that the issue of criticism does not interfere with the response period. In addition, humanitarian agencies and disaster management must consider aspects of local wisdom such as culture, the role of figure and involvement of local resources.

Humanitarian disaster for Rohingya refugees: impending natural hazards and worsening public health crises.

Humanitarian disaster for Rohingya refugees: impending natural hazards and worsening public health crises.

Research results of Samara State University of Social Sciences and Education in 2017

Samara State Social and Pedagogical University is the oldest higher educational institution in the Samara region. Founded in 1911 as a teacher's institute, it immediately began to position itself as a humanitarian institution. This direction remains the leading one at the present time. The preservation of the humanitarian component is a merit of our team, since in the conditions of a modern technocratic society it is the humanities and pedagogical sciences that preserve the humanistic component of Russia.

西伯利亚地区的中国语言文化窗口 “新西伯利亚国立大学人文学院孔子课堂”

西伯利亚地区的中国语言文化窗口 “新西伯利亚国立大学人文学院孔子课堂”

A state of need: the Spanish Red Cross in Morocco, 1886-1927

This article studies the central role of nation-states in the Red Cross during the interwar period. In the late nineteenth century, Spain pioneered the creation of European-style humanitarian institutions in Morocco. However, its perennial instability as a state, aggravated by the colonial disaster of 1898, put an end to the regenerationist project of a Moroccan Red Cross. When the Spanish protectorate was established in 1912, the Spanish Red Cross was overshadowed by competition from its French counterpart, the internationalization of Tangiers and resistance from the local inhabitants. This culminated in the so-called Rif War of 1921-1927, a mixture of anticolonial revolt and international war that vividly exposed the ingrained deficiencies of the Spanish State and its Red Cross.

A introdução da penicilina nos Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal (1944-1946)

The Portuguese Red Cross began to import of penicillin regularly following September 1944. Until June 1945, the humanitarian institution controlled the distribution of the antibiotic, subsequently, due to the increase in world production penicillin began to be imported by means of the pharmaceutical industry. We consulted and analyzed files of patients admitted to Coimbra University Hospitals between September 1944 and August 1946. These files, located in Coimbra University Archive, enabled us to collect information on the introduction of penicillin and on the first cases treated with the antibiotic at these hospitals. In the present paper, we aim to shed some light upon how penicillin was received in one of the main Portuguese central hospitals, the frequency with which it was prescribed, the most common diseases in which the antibiotic was utilized, the dosage administrated, the length of the treatment and the physicians responsible for prescribing the antibiotic.

The attitude of students of the Humanitarian Institute for healthy living and physical fitness

Healthy lifestyle, physical culture and sports are the main principles of life of most young people. But not all students are aware of the need of visiting the physical training, Smoking cessation and alcohol abuse. The reasons for this attitude on the example of students of Humanitarian Institute of the South is presented in the article.