Human Values Scale Research Articles

Effect of Social Work Students’ Human Values, Social Interest, and Attitudes Towards Syrians on Xenophobia

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of social work students' human values, social interest levels and attitudes towards Syrians on xenophobia. The study was carried out using the relational screening model; the sample consists of the students studying in the social work undergraduate programs of different universities across Turkey. The data collection tool employed is a survey form consisting of a personal information form, An Attitude Scale Towards Syrians, The Scale of Xenophobia, Human Values Scale and Social Interest Scale. The data obtained from the research have led to the conclusion that the students who received high scores from the Human Values Scale and Social Interest Scale had positive attitudes towards foreigners and Syrians. A statistically significant difference was found in all scales in terms of the gender variable (p

Ortaokul Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi Dersinde Verilen Değerler Eğitimine İlişkin Öğretmen ve Öğrenci Görüşleri

This research was carried out to evaluate the opinions of teachers and students on the values education taught in the secondary school Religious Culture and Moral Knowledge course. In this study, sequential descriptive pattern, one of the mixed method designs, was used. 315 secondary school students studying at seven different schools in the 2021-2022 academic year in Gerede and Dörtdivan districts of Bolu province participated in the study. Participants consisted of 162 female and 153 male students. In the research conducted, the opinions of 10 Religious Culture and Moral Knowledge (DKAB) teachers employed in the Ministry of National Education (MoNE) were sought. The study utilized the “Human Values Scale,” a tool developed for students, and a semi-structured “Teacher Interview Form” to collect data. The qualitative data was analyzed using descriptive analysis technique. According to the results of the research; it was found that student value levels were above average. It was also found that the students’ value levels indicated significant differences according to gender and grade. According to the teachers’ opinions on value education, they emphasized the importance of being role models in instilling values in students. Additionally, the teachers expressed concerns about the challenges posed by the unconscious use of technology and mass media in value education.

The effect of a problem-based learning model on high school students' human values

Different methods are needed in the field of vocational education to ensure that students associate the knowledge they have learned with real-life situations. Considering that problem-based learning (PBL) techniques also have important effects in the context of human values, this study aimed to investigate the effects of PBL models on high school students' human values. A mixed-method approach and expansive sequential pattern were used. Quantitative data were obtained through a quasi-experimental method that employed the Human Values Scale as a measurement tool, applied to 32 vocational and technical high school students in Turkey. In the qualitative dimension, focus group interviews were conducted with six student participants. Non-parametric statistical techniques and content analysis were performed, and results showed that there was a strong relationship between the PBL model and students’ human values; human values were positively affected and increased in all but one of the scale items. It was concluded that PBL can result in high-level learning outcomes and has a positive effect on learning and human values in general.

Взаимосвязь ценностей и просоциального поведения в разных контекстах до и во время пандемии COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has unprecedentedly influenced social interactions, which can be implemented both in real life (offline) and on the Internet. Prosocial behavior as a type of social interactions has a positive impact on individuals and society, especially during crises. Prosocial behavior is determined by various factors, including individual values and contextual factors as the most influential ones. The form of prosocial behavior and its determinants may differ in different periods of the society functioning. Therefore, studying prosocial behavior before and during the pandemic, and identifying factors of its implementation in various contexts is a relevant task. This study explores the relationship between individual values and prosocial behavior, in an offline and an online context, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia. A cross-sectional study with two sub-samples — the “pre-pandemic” group (N=304) and the “pandemic” group (N=187) — was conducted online, using the short version of Human Values Scale by S. Schwartz (ESS-21) and scales of prosocial behavior in online and offline contexts. Results show that during a pandemic people are less likely to engage in prosocial behavior offline and rely less on Self-Transсendence values. At the same time, in “the pre-pandemic” group, Self-Transcendence values contribute to prosocial behavior in both contexts, while Self-Enhancement values contribute to prosocial behavior in the online context. Next, in the “pandemic” group, Self-Transcendence values and Openness-to-Change values promote prosocial behavior in both contexts, while Conservation values discourage it. The results are discussed regarding the impact a pandemic has on people's lives.

Personal human values, informal caregiving and the relevance of gender and age: Findings from the population-based German Aging Survey

ObjectivesThis study analyzed if personal human values and provision of informal care were associated and if this differed as a function of gender or age. MethodData from the German Aging Survey were used (wave 2008, N=6,089), which included 748 informal caregivers. Human values were measured with the Human Values Scale from Schwartz (self-enhancement, self-transcendence, conservation, openness to change). Adjusted logistic regression analyses (with gender and age as additional moderators) were conducted. ResultsPlacing higher importance on conservation and self-enhancement values was associated with lower odds for caregiving, while a higher appreciation of self-transcendence was associated with higher odds of caregiving. With older age, a higher score in conservation values was associated with even lower odds for caregiving. Gender did not moderate these associations, still, lower odds of caregiving were found only among men with higher scores in openness to change, and only among women with higher scores in conservation values. Self-transcendence was associated with higher odds of caregiving among both, men and women. DiscussionIn brief, personal values were significantly associated with informal caregiving and may act as motivators or barriers. The same motivators were found among men and women but different values were associated with lower odds of providing care. When aiming to foster informal care and a gender-equal distribution of caregiving, it could be helpful to take these values into account.

Rural conservatism and the urban spirit of capitalism? On the geography of human values

ABSTRACT This analysis makes an empirical enquiry into urban–rural and regional value differences in Europe. In this task we use the 7th Round of the European Social Survey (ESS) and Eurostat’s NUTS-level data and focus on four value orientations derived from the Human Values Scale: Self-enhancement, Self-transcendence, Openness to change and Conservation. Results show that the most distinct urban–rural differences lie in the Conservation versus Openness to change axis. Additionally, Conservation is associated with lower regional gross domestic product (GDP), whereas Self-enhancement, emphasizing a motivation for self-interest and interpersonal rivalry and hence behavioural dimension of capitalism, is positively associated with population density.

Psychosocial Predictors and Mediators Relating to the Preventive Behaviors of Hospital Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey.

The aim is to analyze the relation of psychosocial factors to COVID-19 contraction, vaccination, and preventive health behavior in and outside work. The questionnaire data from hospital-workers in Turkey is analyzed using independent-samples t-test, logistic regression, linear regression, and mediation analyses. We developed a questionnaire on mask-hygiene-distance measures and also used previously developed scales including the Big Five Personality Questionnaire, Young Schema Questionnaire Short Form 3, Schwartz's Basic Human Values Scale, Short Dark Triad. The odds of being infected by COVID-19 increases by self-direction. The odds of being vaccinated increases by age and conformity, and decreases by emotional stability. Education predicts certain preventive behaviors at work negatively and outside work positively. Older age, being a woman, having chronic disease, the self-transcendence and conservation values, agreeableness, and conscientiousness predict more preventive behaviors. The self-enhancement and openness to change values, the Dark Triad, and early maladaptive schemas predict more risky behaviors. Designing prohealth policies requires further elaboration on the relation of psychosocial factors to preventive behaviors.

Evolution of basic human values orientations: An application of monitoring changes in cluster solutions.

This study enumerates the evolution of basic human values orientations and the dynamic relationship between them, computed from Schwartz's value survey conducted in European nations. For this purpose, eight datasets related to the human value scale were extracted from the European Social Survey; each corresponds to a single round conducted cross-sectionally every two years since 2001. Change detection algorithm was implemented to the cluster solutions of temporal datasets, and the evolution of important clusters was traced. Finding of the study reveals that Universalism and Benevolence values are on the rise in European societies in the last couple of decades. Most of the European inhabitants believe in the smooth group functioning and form the organismic needs of cooperation. The people prefer anxiety-free life, and love for nature, environment, humanity, and kindness to other beings in society are essential constructs for them. They avoid self-centred behaviour and prefer social physiognomies.

Benevolence and universalism as sustainable entrepreneurship mindset triggers on undergraduate students

ABSTRACT This study’s purpose is to statistically measure the differences between values perception of first- and fourth-year undergraduate students by evaluating the relative importance of the values of the self-transcendence spectrum, universalism, and benevolence as triggers of the sustainable entrepreneur’s mindset. Educating for sustainability means students’ engagement in projects and initiatives that nurture a sustainable mindset. Values do matter when it comes to sustainability focus business. Using the Schwartz human value scale to address values at the heart of education for sustainability, and a sample of 236 undergraduate students, we found evidence that the value of benevolence moves up the scale on the values profile once the fourth-year students are exposed to projects and initiatives that nurture the development of students’ sustainable mindset. Understanding the values profile of undergraduate students should help practitioners, policy makers, and those on the frontlines of entrepreneurial education identify and develop entrepreneurs’ mindsets in addressing sustainable challenges.

Investigation of Conservatory Students’ Perceptions of Value in Terms of Different Variables

There are various factors that affect people's perceptions, attitudes, and behaviours. One of these factors is the values that individuals have. Human values are widely being used as a notion in many disciplines. The aim of this study was to investigate the human values of conservatory students. The research group consisted of 204 conservatory students at the Dicle University State Conservatory and Gaziantep University Turkish Music Conservatory enrolled in the 2019-2020 academic year. In this study, the data of the research were used with a personal information form and the “The Human Values Scale” developed by Dilmaç, Arıcak & Cesur (2014). The data obtained were analysed with the SPSS 22 program. Descriptive analysis, Independent Group t-test, One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Pearson Correlation Coefficient were used in quantitative data analysis. The findings showed that with respect to gender, a significant difference was not found in conservatory students’ human values by t-test result. According to the findings, conservatory students’ most important values are human dignity, social, freedom and futuwwat & courage. On the other hand, conservatory students’ the least important values are materialistic. Similarly, according to the variables of age and departments, significant differences were not found in conservatory students’ human values as shown by ANOVA test. Relationships among the sub-dimensions of the values scale has been determined statistically significant and strong except from between the human dignity and romantic values sub-dimension and between the materialistic values and futuwwat & courage sub-dimensions. It has been observed that participating students’ human values are above the average. This information reveals that conservatory students’ human values are at superior level.

Schwartz’s Human Values and the Care for Nature in Croatia and Five Other Central European Countries Based on ESS Data from Round 4 (2008) and Round 9 (2018)

This paper examines the care for nature in Croatia based on the European Social Survey (ESS) data from Round 4 (2008) and Round 9 (2018) over time and cross-nationally, in comparison with five other Central European (CE) countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia). We correlate the item about the care for nature with Schwartz’s Human Values Scale (HVS), as adapted for the ESS, to investigate whether values as defined by Schwartz serve as good predictors of the care for nature in selected CE countries. We also look at the correlation with respondents’ socio-demographic characteristics. Our analysis reveals that, while there are similarities regarding environmental attitudes and values among CE countries, there are also some individual differences. Croatia shows the strongest increase in the support for the care for nature over the 10-year period, and both Croatia and Slovenia score the highest on the care for nature in 2018. Poland, Slovakia and Czech Republic show an overall stagnation in the results, while Hungary exhibits a significant decrease between 2008 and 2018. Our research in CE countries confirms that Schwartz’s HVS can be predictive of pro-environmentalism. However, while the findings for the higher-order value of Self-transcendence are in line with existing literature, the result suggesting that Conservatism is also a moderately good predictor of the care for nature is somewhat surprising. We posit that the reason could lie in the difference between collectivist vs. individualist value types, which provides a new dimension for the interpretation of environmental attitudes in these countries.

A Repository of Schwartz Value Scales with Instructions and an Introduction

This repository of value instruments includes the numerous authorized language versions of each of the four instruments developed by Schwartz to measure the basic values in his theory: The Schwartz Value Survey (SVS), the Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ40), the PVQ21 (aka the Human Values Scale of the European Social Survey [ESS21]), and the revised PVQ-RR. For each instrument, the repository includes instructions for coding and analysis and the most important references relevant to it. A short introductory essay briefly outlines the key assumptions underlying the theory and instruments, the principles that organize the values into a circle, and the translation protocol. The essay includes a table that compares the four instruments on 12 characteristics relevant for choosing the one most appropriate for use in a particular study.Click on 'download' to see the introductory essay.

The Impact of Human Values on Ethical Climate: A Private Hospital Practice

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the impact of human values on ethical climate. The study also explores the factors affecting either human values or ethical climate.Methods: The study exploited the data of the staff in a private hospital operating in Istanbul. Accordingly, the data of 178 individuals was obtained in four weeks period starting from March 2019. Human values were measured by Human Values Scale which was validated by Dilmaç (2007). Ethical climate was measured by Ethical Climate Scale which was introduced by Schwepker (2001) and validated by Eren and Hayatoğlu (2011). The study employed one-way variance analyses and Kruskal Wallis tests to understand the variations in human values and ethical climate perception upon socioeconomic factors. Additionally, ordinary least square regression was performed to identify the effect of human values on ethical climate perception.Results: It was found that better human values were associated with increasing perceptions of ethical climate. Further, the number of children, age and the length of service had considerable impacts on both human values and the perception of ethical climate. Finally, marital status and educational status did not have any significant impacts on human values and ethical climate.Conclusion: It was identified that the people with better human values were more careful about ethical rules. The findings are important to understand the motivations of ethical climate in a competitive atmosphere. It is believed that further studies investigating ethical climates in public and private organisations comparatively will contribute to the literature.

An Analysis of the Impact of the Values Education Class Over the University Students’ Levels of Acquisition of Moral Maturity and Human Values

This study aims to analyze the impact of the “Curriculum of Values Education” over the university students’ levels of acquisition of moral maturity and human values. This study was planned as a quasi-experimental design, defined as the “Pretest/Post-test Control Group Design”. The study group of the study consisted of 77 students, studying in the Child Development Program of the Department of Child Care and Youth Services at the Vocational School of Healthcare Services of Mus Alparslan University throughout the 2019-2020 academic year. The “Moral Maturity Scale” and “Human Values Scale” were employed as data collection tools. The curriculum was administered on the experimental group for 80-90 minutes in 1 session in the training classroom, at 15:00 on Mondays for 13 weeks. The independent samples t-test and ANCOVA (Covariance Analysis) were utilized in order to analyze the data obtained from this study. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the “Curriculum of Values Education” increased the levels of acquisition of moral maturity and human values of the students in the study group. A literature-backed discussion was held in line with the results obtained, which was followed by several recommendations on the use of the crafted curriculum of values education by the academicians to teach the values education class.

Tolerance for Sustainable Peace Culture in a Divided Society: The effect of Peace Education on Tolerance Tendency and Human Values

In this study, the effect of Peace Education Program (PEP) on eighth grade students' tolerance tendency and human values were examined. The research was carried out with the eighth grades studying in Northern Cyprus during the 2018–2019 academic year. The research was carried out within the framework of the semi-experimental design using the pre-test-post-test monitoring for the results of the experimental group, control group and the placebo group. While carrying out the Peace Education Program prepared within the scope of the research with the experimental group, no activities were conducted with the control group. A program to deal with exam anxiety was applied to the placebo group. The research was conducted with 17 students (52.94%; female n = 9, 47.05%; male n = 8, %) in the experimental group, 17 students (47.05% female n = 8, 52.94%; male n = 9) in the control group and 17 students (47.05 female n = 8, 52.94%; male n = 9) in the placebo group which together composed a total of 51 students. The Experiment, control and placebo groups were determined by using random selection method over existing groups. The Tolerance Tendency Scale and the Human Values Scale were used as data collection tools for students. The findings of the study revealed that the peace education program provided to the experimental group was effective in increasing students' tolerance tendencies and human values.

Swedish consumers´ attitudes and values to genetic modification and conventional plant breeding – The case of fruit and vegetables

ABSTRACT This study examined public attitudes to genetic modification (GM) and conventional plant breeding and explored general differences in attitudes to these two types of breeding concepts, including the effect of individual personal characteristics such as gender and age. It also sought to identify the influence of personal values linked to attitudes to GM crops and conventional plant breeding, following Schwartz value theory. Relations between specific values and attitudes to GM organisms (GMOs) have been studied previously, but not gender- and age-specific relations between specific values and attitudes to conventional plant breeding. Data were collected in this study using a questionnaire completed on-line by 1500 Swedish consumers in 2019. The questionnaire covered three different aspects: 1) sociodemographic data, including gender and age; 2) attitudes to GMO/conventional plant breeding; and 3) values, measured using the human values scale. It was found that consumers expressed more positive attitudes to conventional plant breeding than to GMO, men expressed more positive attitudes to both conventional plant breeding and GMO than women did, and younger consumers expressed more positive attitudes to GMO than older consumers did. A negative correlation between attitudes to conventional plant breeding and the value ‘tradition’, but no correlation to ‘universalism’, ‘benevolence’, ‘power’ or ‘achievement’, was identified for men. For women, correlations between attitudes to conventional plant breeding and ‘benevolence’ (neg.) and ‘achievement’ (pos.) were found. For both men and women, attitudes to GMO were negatively influenced by ‘universalism’ and ‘benevolence’, and positively influenced by ‘power’ and ‘achievement’. The implications of these results are discussed.

Human values and psychological well-being of gifted/talented students and their peers with average development

The main objective of this study is to compare the human values and psychological well-being of gifted/talented students with their peers with standard development. In addition, it aims to determine the level of relationship between human values and psychological well-being of gifted/talented students and whether human values were effective on psychological well-being. In this research, the relational survey model of quantitative research methods, which is a sub-type of the general survey model, is used. Assistance was received from 328 (59.3%) eighth-grade secondary school students in schools run by the Ministry of National Education in Izmir and Manisa and 225 (40.7%) gifted/talented students who were educated at BILSEM. To collect data, the Human Values Scale (PSI) and the Psychological Well-being Scale were used. Independent samples t-test for paired comparisons, Pearson’s product-moment correlation analysis for variable relationships and regression analysis to determine the predictive level were used. According to the t-test results, the human values and psychological well-being levels of gifted/talented students were higher than those of their peers with standard development and the gender variable did not play an effective role in the psychological well-being of gifted/talented students. As a result of the correlation analysis, a statistically significant correlation was found between human values and the psychological well-being of gifted/talented students. According to the regression analysis, human values significantly increased psychological well-being. Keywords: Giftedness/talent, human values, psychological well-being.

Çocuklarla Felsefe Programının Çocukların İnsani Değerlere Yönelik Tutumları Üzerindeki Etkililiği

Bu araştırmanın amacı; çocuklarla felsefe programının yedinci sınıfa devam eden çocukların insani değerlere yönelik tutumları üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir. Araştırmada karma model kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın nicel boyutunda deneysel desen oluşturulmuş ve veri toplama aracı olarak “İnsani Değerler Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Nitel boyuttaki verilerin toplanmasında doküman incelemesi ve odak grup görüşmesinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu 20 çocuktan oluşmuştur. Deney grubundaki çocuklarla 10 hafta süren felsefe eğitim programı uygulanmıştır. Nicel verilerin analizinde, Mann Whitney U testi ve Wilcoxon testi uygulanmıştır. Nitel verilerin analizinde doküman incelemesi için betimsel analiz, odak grup görüşmesi için içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda felsefe eğitiminin çocukların insani değerlere yönelik tutumlarını olumlu etkilediği bulunmuştur.

Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Sergilediği Siber İnsani Değerlerin Hayat Boyu Öğrenme Eğilimlerine Yansımaları Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Bu çalışmada üniversite öğrencilerinin sosyal medya ortamlarında sergilediği siber insani değerleri ve bu değerlerin hayat boyu öğrenme eğilimlerine yansımalarının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda 2018-2019 akademik yılı güz döneminde iki devlet üniversitesinde farklı sınıflarda ve farklı bölümlerde okuyan 222 öğrenciden kişisel bilgi formu ve iki farklı ölçek ile veriler toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde betimsel istatistikler, korelasyon ve çoklu doğrusal regresyon kullanılmıştır. İlişkisel tarama türündeki bu araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre katılımcıların siber insani değerlere ilişkin algılarının orta seviyede olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Barışçıl olma alt boyutunda katılımcı algılarının daha yüksek olduğu, hoşgörü alt boyutunda ise katılımcı algıları diğerlerine göre daha düşük düzeyde kaldığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Impact of a nudging intervention and factors associated with vegetable dish choice among European adolescents.

To test the impact of a nudge strategy (dish of the day strategy) and the factors associated with vegetable dish choice, upon food selection by European adolescents in a real foodservice setting. A cross-sectional quasi-experimental study was implemented in restaurants in four European countries: Denmark, France, Italy and United Kingdom. In total, 360 individuals aged 12-19years were allocated into control or intervention groups, and asked to select from meat-based, fish-based, or vegetable-based meals. All three dishes were identically presented in appearance (balls with similar size and weight) and with the same sauce (tomato sauce) and side dishes (pasta and salad). In the intervention condition, the vegetable-based option was presented as the "dish of the day" and numbers of dishes chosen by each group were compared using the Pearson chi-square test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was run to assess associations between choice of vegetable-based dish and its potential associated factors (adherence to Mediterranean diet, food neophobia, attitudes towards nudging for vegetables, food choice questionnaire, human values scale, social norms and self-estimated health, country, gender and belonging to control or intervention groups). All analyses were run in SPSS 22.0. The nudging strategy (dish of the day) did not show a difference on the choice of the vegetable-based option among adolescents tested(p=0.80 for Denmark and France and p=0.69 and p=0.53 for Italy and UK, respectively). However, natural dimension of food choice questionnaire, social norms and attitudes towards vegetable nudging were all positively associated with the choice of the vegetable-based dish. Being male was negatively associated with choosing the vegetable-based dish. The "dish of the day" strategy did not work under the study conditions. Choice of the vegetable-based dish was predicted by natural dimension, social norms, gender and attitudes towards vegetable nudging. An understanding of factors related to choosing vegetable based dishesis necessary for the development and implementation of public policy interventions aiming to increase the consumption of vegetables among adolescents.